Lord-grand-amiral

Lord-grand-amiral du Royaume-Uni
Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom
Image illustrative de l’article Lord-grand-amiral
Armoiries du gouvernement britannique.

Image illustrative de l’article Lord-grand-amiral
Titulaire actuel
Charles III
depuis le

Création
Mandant Grands officiers d'État
Premier titulaire Thomas Beaufort, 1er duc d'Exeter

Le lord-grand-amiral (anglais : Lord High Admiral) est l'un des grands officiers d'État du Royaume-Uni. Dans l'ordre de préséance, il est après le comte-maréchal.

Sa fonction est aujourd'hui purement honorifique, puisqu'il ne prend part à aucun conseil de décision de la Royal Navy ou de la Défense.

Le dernier titulaire en a été, jusqu’au , le prince Philip, duc d’Édimbourg, époux de la reine Élisabeth II.

Historique

Créé en 1413, le poste s'intitulait lord-grand-amiral d'Angleterre, puis lui a été ajoutée la fonction de premier lord de l'Amirauté (First Lord of the Admiralty) en 1628. En 1708, il fut renommé lord-grand-amiral de Grande-Bretagne, puis premier lord de l'Amirauté du Royaume-Uni à partir de 1801.

En 1964, le poste de premier lord de l'Amirauté a été aboli, et ses fonctions ont été transférées à des commissaires du Admiralty Board, l'une des branches du Conseil de la Défense, et le titre de lord-grand-amiral a été remis au souverain avant d'être transmis en à Philip Mountbatten, duc d'Édimbourg, mari de la reine à l'occasion de son 90e anniversaire.

Fonctions

Liste des lords-grands-amiraux

Grands-amiraux d'Angleterre et d'Irlande, 1385–1512

Nom Période Ref
Richard FitzAlan
comte d'Arundel
1385 1388 [1]
Édouard d'York
comte de Rutland et de Cork
1390 1397 [2]
Jean Beaufort
comte de Somerset
1397 1398 [2]
Thomas Percy
comte de Worcester
1398 1400 [2]
Thomas de Lancastre
duc de Clarence
1404 1405 [2]
Jean Beaufort
comte de Somerset
1406 1407 [1]
Edmund Holland
comte de Kent
1407 1408 [1]
Thomas Beaufort
duc d'Exeter
1408 1426 [1]
Jean de Lancastre
duc de Bedford
1426 1435 [1]
Jean Holland
duc d'Exeter
1435 1447 [1]
William de la Pole
duc de Suffolk
1447 1450 [1]
Henri Holland
duc d'Exeter
1450 1460 [1]
Richard Neville
comte de Warwick
1461 1462 [1]
William Neville
comte de Kent
1462 1462 [1]
Richard Plantagenêt
duc de Gloucester
futur Richard III d'Angleterre
1462 1470 [1]
Richard Neville
comte de Warwick
1470 1471 [1]
Richard Plantagenêt
duc de Gloucester
futur Richard III d'Angleterre
1471 1483 [1]
John Howard
duc de Norfolk
1483 1485 [1]
John de Vere
comte d'Oxford
1485 1512 [1]

Lords-amiraux d'Angleterre, 1512–1638

Nom Période Ref
Sir Edward Howard 1512 1513 [1]
Thomas Howard
comte de Surrey
1513 1525 [1]
Henry FitzRoy
duc de Richmond et Somerset
1525 1536 [1]
William FitzWilliam
comte de Southampton
1536 1540 [1]
John Russell
Baron Russell
1540 1542 [1]
John Dudley
Vicomte Lisle
1542 1546 [1]
Thomas Seymour
1st Lord Seymour de Sudeley
1546 1549 [1]
John Dudley
comte de Warwick
1549 1550 [1]
Edward Clinton
Lord Clinton
1550 1554 [1]
William Howard
Lord Howard of Effingham
1554 1558 [1]
Edward Clinton
Lord Clinton
1558 1585 [1]
Charles Howard
Lord Howard of Effingham (avant 1596)
comte de Nottingham (après 1596)
1585 1619 [1]
George Villiers
duc of Buckingham
1619 1628 [1]
Board of Admiralty 1628 1638

Lords-grands-amiraux d'Angleterre, 1638–1707

Portrait Nom Période Ref
Algernon Percy
comte de Northumberland

(1602–1668)
1638 1642
Francis Cottington
Lord Cottington

(c. 1579–1652)
1643 1646
Prince Jacques
duc d'York

(1633–1701)
1660 1673 [3]
Charles II
(1630–1685)
1673 1673
Board of Admiralty 1673 1684
Charles II
(1630–1685)
1684 1685
Jacques II
(1633–1701)
1685 1688
Guillaume III
(1650–1702)
1689 1689
Arthur Herbert
comte de Torrington

(1648–1716)
1689 1689
Thomas Herbert
comte de Pembroke

(1656–1733)
1701 1702
Prince George de Danemark
duc de Cumberland

(1653–1708)
1702 28 juin 1707

Lords-grands-amiraux de Grande-Bretagne, 1707–1800

Avant 1907, il existait un lord-grand-amiral d'Écosse. À la suite des Actes d'Union entre les royaumes d'Angleterre et d'Écosse, les deux fonctions sont réunies en un lord-grand-amiral de Grande-Bretagne.

Portrait Nom
Période Ref
Prince George de Danemark
duc de Cumberland

(1653–1708)
28 juin 1707 28 octobre 1708
Anne
(1665–1714)
28 octobre 1708 19 novembre 1708 [3]
Thomas Herbert
comte de Pembroke

(c. 1656–1733)
19 novembre 1708 8 novembre 1709
Board of Admiralty 8 novembre 1709 31 décembre 1800

Lords-grands-amiraux du Royaume-Uni, depuis 1801

Portrait Nom Période Ref
Board of Admiralty 10 mai 1827
Prince Guillaume Henri
duc de Clarence

(1765–1837)
10 mai 1827 19 septembre 1828
Board of Admiralty 19 septembre 1828
Élisabeth II
(1926–2022)
10 juin 2011
Prince Philip
duc d'Edimbourg

(1921–2021)
10 juin 2011 9 avril 2021 [4]
Élisabeth II
(1926–2022)
9 avril 2021 8 septembre 2022
Charles III
(né en 1948)
Depuis le 8 septembre 2022 [5]

Notes et références

  1. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa et ab (en) Jacobus Houbraken, Paul de Rapin Thoyras et George Vertue, The History of England, A List of Admirals of England, 1228-1745, J. and P. Knapton, (lire en ligne), p. 271
  2. a b c et d (en) Isaac Schomberg, Naval Chronology: Or, An Historical Summary of Naval & Maritime Events, from the Time of the Romans, to the Treaty of Peace, 1802, T. Egerton, (lire en ligne), 188 :

    « Sir Nicholas Tamworth, Admiral of the North. »

    .
  3. a et b National Archives, Kew, ref. ADM 4/410 List of the Lords High Admiral and Commissioners for executing that Office, which have been appointed since the year 1660 (1915)
  4. (en) « Prince Philip has died aged 99, Buckingham Palace announces », sur bbc.co.uk, .
  5. (en) « Queen Elizabeth II: The naval college where the monarch met the duke », sur bbc.co.uk, .

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