Vallonit

Vallonit
Wallons
Väkiluku noin 3,5–4 miljoonaa
Merkittävät asuinalueet
 Belgia3 240 000
 Yhdysvallat(352 630 belgialaista)[1]
 Kanada(176 615 belgialaista)[2]
 Ranska133 066
Kielet ranska, valloni, picardi
Uskonnot enemmistö roomalaiskatolisia, vähemmistö protestantteja
Sukulaiskansat ranskalaiset, hollantilaiset, saksalaiset, luxemburgilaiset

Vallonit (ransk. Wallons) ovat eteläisen Belgian ranskankielistä kansaa. He muodostavat noin yhden kolmasosan kaikista belgialaisista eli puolet pohjoisemmassa asuvien hollanninkielisten flaamien määrästä. Uskonnoltaan vallonit ovat etupäässä roomalaiskatolisia.[3]

Historia

Vallonit polveutuvat etupäässä Belgiaa roomalaisaikaan saakka asuttaneista kelttiläisistä belgeistä. Kun seudulle alkoi 400-luvulla saapua lännestä frankkeja ja muita germaaneja, vallonien ja germaanien rajaksi muodostuivat Belgian keskiosien sankat metsät. Myöhemmin kun germaanit laajensivat aluettaan etelämmäksi, vallonit säilyivät yhä omana kansanaan.[3]

Kun Belgia itsenäistyi 1830-luvulla, valloneilla oli maassa enemmän valtaa kuin maan pohjoisosien flaameilla, vaikka flaamit olivat enemmistössä. Ranskasta tehtiin Belgian ainoa virallinen kieli, ja flaamin kielestä alkoi tulla tasa-arvoisempi vasta myöhemmin.[3]

Suurin osa Belgian raskaasta teollisuudesta ja kaivosteollisuudesta sijaitsee vallonien alueella.[3]

Kieli

Vallonin kieli on määritelty paikalliseksi alkuperäiskieleksi, joka on sukua ranskan kielelle. Jotkut kielitieteilijät tosin luokittelevat vallonin vain ranskan kielen murteeksi, ja esimerkiksi pääkaupunki Brysselin ranskankieliset asukkaat eivät pidä itseään valloneina. Suurin osa valloneista puhuu nykyisin ranskaa, ja vain kolmasosa puhuu vallonia. Vallonin murteita pyritään säilyttämään esimerkiksi kouluopetuksen kautta. Vallonin kielellä on 900-vuotinen kirjallinen perinne.[3]

Vallonit Suomessa

Suomen valloneista suurin osa on tullut Suomeen Ruotsin kautta. Ruotsiin tuotiin aikoinaan rautamalmin käsittelyn taitavia valloneja rakentamaan kaivosteollisuutta. Suomen rautaruukkien perustajista useat olivat valloneja, ja he toivat työvoimaa Ruotsista ja jopa suoraan Valloniasta, esimerkiksi Antskogin ruukkiin.[4]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Yhdysvaltain väestönlaskentavirasto (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive) (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ Kanadan vuoden 2011 väestönlaskenta (englanniksi)
  3. ↑ a b c d e Waldman, Carl & Mason, Catherine: ”Walloons”, Encyclopedia of European Peoples, s. 854–856. Facts on File, 2006. ISBN 0-8160-4964-5
  4. ↑ Vallonihistoria - Finlands Vallonättlingar Finlands Vallonättlingar. Viitattu 16.9.2020.

Aiheesta muualla

Read other articles:

Bradleys Head Fortification Complex

Historic site in New South Wales, AustraliaBradleys Head Fortification ComplexThe main firing wall of the Bradleys Head Fortification ComplexLocationBradleys Head Road (within Sydney Harbour NP), Mosman, Municipality of Mosman, New South Wales, AustraliaCoordinates33°51′10″S 151°14′45″E / 33.8527°S 151.2457°E / -33.8527; 151.2457Built1840–1934ArchitectGovernment engineersOwnerNSW Office of Environment and Heritage New South Wales Heritage RegisterOff...

 

Johannes Lebech

Johannes Lebech Menteri Urusan EklesiastikalMasa jabatan21 Desember 2000 – 27 November 2001Perdana MenteriPoul Nyrup Rasmussen PendahuluMargrethe VestagerPenggantiTove Fergo Informasi pribadiLahir12 September 1948 (umur 75)Skive, DenmarkKebangsaanDenmarkPartai politikPartai Liberal Sosial DenmarkAlma materAarhus UniversitetSitus webjohanneslebech.dkSunting kotak info • L • B Niels Johannes Lebech (kelahiran 12 September 1948) adalah seorang politikus Denmark. Ia ...

 

Kawasaki Ki-96

Kawasaki Ki-96 adalah tempur berat Jepang kursi tunggal, bermesin ganda dari Perang Dunia II. Hal itu dimaksudkan untuk menggantikan Kawasaki Ki-45 Angkatan Udara Kekaisaran Jepang. Namun, itu tidak diadopsi dan hanya tiga prototipe dibangun. Referensi Francillon, Ph.D., René J. Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1970 (2nd edition 1979). ISBN 0-370-30251-6. Green, William. Warplanes of the Second World War, Volume Three: Fighters. London: Macdonald &...

Dolichaspis caesarea

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2022. Dolichaspis caesarea Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Arthropoda Kelas: Insecta Ordo: Coleoptera Famili: Cerambycidae Genus: Dolichaspis Spesies: Dolichaspis caesarea Dolichaspis caesarea adalah spesies kumbang tanduk panjang yang tergolon...

 

Terminal Rajekwesi

Terminal RajekwesiTerminal Penumpang Tipe A Kode: RJW Papan Nama Terminal RajekwesiLokasiJalan Veteran, Dusun Jambean, Desa Sukorejo, Kecamatan Bojonegoro, Kabupaten Bojonegoro, Provinsi Jawa Timur, Kodepos 62115 IndonesiaKoordinat7°09′59″S 111°53′42″E / 7.166504°S 111.895116°E / -7.166504; 111.895116Koordinat: 7°09′59″S 111°53′42″E / 7.166504°S 111.895116°E / -7.166504; 111.895116Pemilik Pemerintah Kabupaten Bojoneg...

 

The Deal (Seinfeld)

9th episode of the 2nd season of Seinfeld The DealSeinfeld episodeEpisode no.Season 2Episode 9Directed byTom CheronesWritten byLarry DavidProduction code213Original air dateMay 2, 1991 (1991-05-02)Guest appearances Siobhan Fallon as Tina Norman Brenner as Clerk Episode chronology ← PreviousThe Heart Attack Next →The Baby Shower Seinfeld season 2List of episodes The Deal is the ninth episode of the second season of NBC's Seinfeld,[1] and the show's 14t...

Hawthorne Hall

Historic house in Virginia, United States United States historic placeHawthorne HallU.S. National Register of Historic PlacesVirginia Landmarks Register Distant view from southwestShow map of VirginiaShow map of the United StatesLocation1527 Hawthorne Hall Rd., Fincastle, VirginiaCoordinates37°31′30″N 79°53′31″W / 37.52500°N 79.89194°W / 37.52500; -79.89194Area1.2 acres (0.49 ha)Built1824 (1824)Architectural styleFederalNRHP reference...

 

Dharma

Key concept in Indian philosophy and Eastern religions, with multiple meanings This article is about the concept found in Indian religions. For other uses, see Dharma (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Dharna. DharmaVirtues such as ahimsa (non-violence)[1]Yoga, personal behaviour[2]Law and justice[3]Rituals and rites of passage[4]Sannyasa and stages of life[5]Duties, such as learning from teachers[6] Dharma (/ˈdɑːrmə/;[7] Sans...

 

Isoprednidene

Chemical compound IsoprednideneClinical dataOther namesStC 407; 6-Dehydro-16-methylene hydrocortisone; 11β,17α,21-Trihydroxy-16-methylenepregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dioneDrug classCorticosteroid; GlucocorticoidIdentifiers IUPAC name (8S,9S,10R,11S,13S,14S,17R)-11,17-Dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-16-methylidene-1,2,8,9,11,12,14,15-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one CAS Number17332-61-5PubChem CID20055344ChemSpider16736652UNII4G6A72XC0IChEMBLChEMBL2107195Chemical and physical d...

14th Flying Training Wing

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une unité ou formation militaire américaine. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. 14th Flying Training Wing Création 29 juillet 1947 Allégeance Air Education and Training Command Type entrainement Fait partie de 19th Air Force Garnison Columbus Air Force Base Équipement T-38 modifier  Le 14th Flying Training Wing (14th FTW, 14e Escadre d'entraînement ...

 

William Joyce

William JoyceJoyce sedang mempromosikan The Man in the Moon pada November 2011LahirWilliam Edward Joyce11 Desember 1957 (umur 66)Shreveport, Louisiana, ASTempat tinggalShreveport, LouisianaPendidikanBA di filmAlmamaterSouthern Methodist UniversityPekerjaanPenulis, ilustrator, pembuat filmTahun aktif1981–sekarangSuami/istriFrances Elizabeth Baucum Joyce (meninggal 2016)AnakMary Katherine, Jackson EdwardSitus webwilliamjoyce.com William Edward Bill Joyce (lahir 11 Desember 1957) ad...

 

Cluj-Napoca Metro

Cluj-Napoca MetroOverviewLocaleCluj-Napoca, RomaniaTransit typeLight rapid transitNumber of lines1 (under construction)[1]Number of stations9 (first stage)19 (when finished)[2]TechnicalSystem length9.16 km (5.7 mi) (first stage)21.03 km (13.1 mi) (when finished)[2]Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge System map Legend Sfânta Maria Florilor Sportului Piața Unirii Piața Avram Iancu Armonia Piața Mără...

Irish White potato

Variety of potato Irish WhiteGenusSolanumSpeciesSolanum tuberosumCultivar'Irish White'OriginIreland, 1882 Irish White is a variety of potato that was traditionally grown in County Donegal and Antrim. It was raised by Robert Christie of Ballytaggart about 1882. [1] The tubers are long, irregular and white skinned with very deep eyes, similar to an 'Irish Lumper' in appearance. References ^ Irish Seed Savers Spring 2010 Seed List vtePotato cultivars List of potato cultivars Adirondack B...

 

Labinot-Fushë

Municipal unit in Elbasan, AlbaniaLabinot-FushëMunicipal unitLabinot-FushëCoordinates: 41°8′N 20°8′E / 41.133°N 20.133°E / 41.133; 20.133Country AlbaniaCountyElbasanMunicipalityElbasanPopulation (2011) • Municipal unit7,058Time zoneUTC+1 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST) Labinot-Fushë is a village and a former municipality in the Elbasan County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of t...

 

List of New Japan Pro-Wrestling personnel

New Japan Pro-Wrestling (新日本プロレス, Shin Nihon Puroresu) (NJPW), is a Japanese professional wrestling promotion based in Nakano, Tokyo. NJPW personnel consists of professional wrestlers, commentators, color commentators, ring announcers, referees, trainers, producers, bookers, and various other positions. Executives and board members are also listed. Background NJPW contracts typically range from developmental deals for dojo trainees to full-time contracts. Personnel appear on un...

2022 Ferndale earthquake

Earthquake in California 2022 Ferndale earthquake 50km30miles   UTC time2022-12-20 10:34:25ISC event625455849USGS-ANSSComCatLocal dateDecember 20, 2022 (2022-12-20)Local time02:34 PST (UTC−08:00)Magnitude6.4 MwDepth17.9 km (11 mi)Epicenter40°31′30″N 124°25′23″W / 40.525°N 124.423°W / 40.525; -124.423Areas affectedNorth Coast, California, United StatesMax. intensityMMI VIII (Severe)[1]Peak accelerati...

 

アプリケーションソフトウェア

「アプリケーション」はこの項目へ転送されています。英語の意味については「wikt:応用」、「wikt:application」をご覧ください。 この記事には複数の問題があります。改善やノートページでの議論にご協力ください。 出典がまったく示されていないか不十分です。内容に関する文献や情報源が必要です。（2018年4月） 古い情報を更新する必要があります。（2021年3月）出...

 

Čeljabinsk

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Čeljabinsk (disambigua). Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento centri abitati della Russia non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Čeljabinsklocalità abitataЧеля́бинск Čeljabinsk – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Russia Circondario federaleUrali Soggetto federale Čel...

Nijiiro Dodge Ball: Otome Tachi no Seishun

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Nijiiro Dodge Ball: Otome Tachi no Seishun – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) 2002 video gameNijiiro Dodge Ball: Otome Tachi no SeishunCover artDeveloper(s)Million Co. Ltd.Publisher(s)Atlus...

 

Little Children (film)

2006 American filmLittle ChildrenTheatrical release posterDirected byTodd FieldScreenplay by Todd Field Tom Perrotta Based onLittle Childrenby Tom PerrottaProduced by Todd Field Albert Berger Ron Yerxa Starring Kate Winslet Jennifer Connelly Patrick Wilson Jackie Earle Haley Noah Emmerich Gregg Edelman Phyllis Somerville CinematographyAntonio CalvacheEdited byLeo TrombettaMusic byThomas NewmanProductioncompanies Bona Fide Standard Film Company Distributed byNew Line CinemaRelease date Octobe...