Parrhasia

Parrhasia (m.kreik. Παῤῥασία) oli antiikin aikainen alue Arkadian maakunnassa Kreikassa. Se käsitti alueen Arkadian länsi- ja lounaisosassa.[1][2]

Parrhasia oli yksi Arkadian neljästä heimoalueesta tai heimovaltiosta Eutresian, Kynurian ja Mainalian ohella. Kukin näistä alueesta oli Arkadian valtiomallissa samantasoinen Arkadian polisten eli kaupunkivaltioiden, kuten Tegea, Mantineia ja Orkhomenos, kanssa.[1]

Maantiede

Figaleian Athenen temppelin rauniot.
Lykosuran Despoinan temppelin rauniot.

Parrhasia käsitti Alfeios-joen etelä- ja länsipuolisen alueen Arkadian Messenian vastaisella rajalla.[2]

Polikset

Vaikka Parrhasia muodosti kokonaisuudessaan eräänlaisen polista eli kaupunkivaltiota vastanneen heimovaltion, osa sen paikallisyhteisöistä voidaan myös lukea poliksiksi. Parrhasian polikset olivat:[1]

Muut asutukset

Parrhasian muiksi kaupungeiksi tai kyliksi mainitaan:[2]

Historia

Parrhasiaa asuttivat parrhasialaiset (Παῥῤάσιοι, Parrhasioi), joita pidettiin yhtenä Arkadian vanhimmista heimoista. Kreikkalaisessa mytologiassa alueen nimi tuli Parrhasoksesta, Arkadian kuninkaan Lykaonin pojasta, joka perusti Parrhasian kaupungin. Tämä kaupunki yhdistetään yleensä Lykosuraan.[2]

Klassiselle kaudelle 400-luvulle eaa. tultaessa Mantineia oli alistanut Parrhasian alaisuuteensa. Spartalaiset palauttivat alueelle sen itsenäisyyden vuonna 421 eaa. Peloponnesolaissodassa Parrhasia oli mukana peloponnesolaisliitossa.[1][2][3]

Roomalaisilla kirjailijoilla adjektiivit Parrhasius ja Parrhasis tarkoittavat usein ”arkadialaista” yleisessä merkityksessä.[2][4] Tätä kautta selittyvät muun muassa ilmaisut Parrhasides stellae (”Parrhasialaiset tähdet”, Ursa major),[5] Parrhasia dea (”Parrhasian jumalatar”, Carmenta)[6] ja Parrhasia virgo (”Parrhasian neito”, Kallisto).[7]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c d Hansen, Mogens Herman & Nielsen, Thomas Heine: An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, s. 505–539. (An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-19-814099-1
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Smith, William: ”Arcadia”, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1854. Teoksen verkkoversio. (englanniksi)
  3. ↑ Thukydides: Peloponnesolaissota 5.33.
  4. ↑ Vergilius: Aeneis 8.344, 11.31; Ovidius: Muodonmuutoksia 8.315.
  5. ↑ Ovidius: Fasti 4.577.
  6. ↑ Ovidius: Fasti 1.618.
  7. ↑ Ovidius: Tristia 2.190.

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