Kallisto (mytologia)

Jupiter ja Kallisto, François Boucher

Kallisto (m.kreik. Καλλιστώ, "kaunein") oli kreikkalaisessa mytologiassa Lykaonin tytär tai mahdollisesti Artemiin nymfi.

Hesiodoksen versio

Hera muutti Kalliston karhuksi rangaistukseksi tämän lemmenseikkailusta Zeuksen kanssa. Suhteesta syntyi Arkas, joka metsästäessään kohtasi tietämättään äitinsä ja yritti tappaa tämän. Tällöin Zeus asetti heidän molemmat taivaalle Ison karhun ja Pienen karhun tähtikuvioiksi.[1]

Hyginuksen versio

Kallisto liittyi Dianan seurueeseen, koska molemmat jakoivat intohimon metsästykseen. Kallisto tuli kuitenkin raskaaksi Zeukselle, joka vietteli Kalliston Artemiiksi tekeytyen. [2] Kallisto salasi peloissaan raskautensa Dianalta. Diana kuitenkin huomasi tämän odottavan lasta Kalliston peseytyessä virrassa, ja raivoissaan siitä, ettei Kallisto ollut säilyttänyt neitsyyttään, muutti tämän karhuksi. Tässä muodossa Kallisto synnytti Arkaksen.[3]

Hyginus myös mainitsee, että jotkut väittävät Heran muuttaneen Kalliston karhuksi ja käskeneen Dianan tappaa tämän, jonka jälkeen Kallisto olisi asetettu tähdeksi taivaalle. Hän tosin mainitsee vielä toisen version, jossa itse Zeus muuttaa Kalliston karhuksi hämätäkseen vaimoaan Heraa lemmenseikkailultaan, mutta Heran huomatessa tämän ja käskiessä Dianan tappamaan karhun, Zeus asettaa Kalliston turvaan taivaalle. Heran raivostuessa tästä hän pyytää entistä hoitajaansa Tethystä, Okeanoksen puolisoa, olemaan ottamasta Kallistoa vastaan. Niinpä Kallisto (Iso karhu) ja Arkas (Pieni karhu) joutuvat kiertämään taivaalla omalla sirkumpolaarisella radallaan, kun taas muut tähdet saavat laskea horisonttiin meren syliin.

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Hesiodos: Frag. Kallisto ja Arkas
  2. ↑ Ovidius: Muodonmuutoksia ii:417-440
  3. ↑ Hyginus: Astronomica i
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