Napakivi

Napakivi (tai tonttukivi) on perinteinen suomalainen nimitys joillekin keskeisellä tai näkyvällä paikalla oleville kiville, yleensä pystykiville.

Napakiviksi kutsutut kivet ovat yleensä pystykiviä eli korkeahkoja luonnonkiviä, jotka ihminen on pystyttänyt. Joillakin napakivillä on pyöristynyt pää, ja joidenkin päällä on pyöreähkö pienempi kivi. Kivien muodon perusteella arvellaan, että ne ovat ehkä kuvanneet siitintä. Skandinaviassa joidenkin vastaavien kivien päät on maalattu punaisiksi, joka sekin viittaisi siittimeen. Napakivi voi sijaita esimerkiksi peltoaukean keskellä tai sen lähistöllä kivikasassa tai kalliolla.

Napakivet on ehkä koettu hedelmällisyyden lisääjiksi tai maa-alueen suojelijoiksi, tai niillä on voitu osoittaa maa-alueen omistusta vieraille. Ne saattoivat myös uskomusten mukaan olla jonkinlaisia alueen keskuksia tai napoja, esimerkiksi paikallisen haltijan valtapiirin keskuksia. Nimitys tonttukivi viittaa tontuiksi kutsuttuihin haltijoihin ja tonttiin eli omistettuun maa-alaan. Joitakin napakiviä vastaavia kiviä on kutsuttu esimerkiksi nimillä Juminkeko tai Jumin kurikka, jolloin ne liittyvät arvoitukselliseen Jumi-henkiolentoon.

Tonttukivi-nimitystä on käytetty myös muunlaisista kivistä, kuten Tyrvännössä sijaitsevasta suuresta siirtolohkareesta, jossa olevaan isoon reikään on uhrattu,[1] tai Kalvolan Kutilan kylässä olleesta laakeasta kivestä, jossa olleesta "tontun jalanjäljestä" otetulla vedellä on parannettu sairauksia.[2]

Lähteet

Kirjallisuutta

  • Salo, Unto: Merikarvian tonttukivet. (Eripainos: Sananjalka 14, 1972. Scripta archaeologica 1) Turku: Turun yliopiston arkeologian laitos, 1973.

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