Luettelo Valakian hallitsijoista

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Valakian historiallinen alue.

Valakia (rom. Țara Românească, harvemmin Valahia; turk. Iflak) oli historiallinen ruhtinaskunta nykyisen Romanian eteläosassa 1200-luvun lopulta vuoteen 1859.[1] Ruhtinaskuntaa hallittiin aluksi Târgoviștesta, kunnes ruhtinas Gheorghe Ghika siirsi vuonna 1659 pääkaupungin Bukarestiin.

Nykyisin Valakia luetaan yhdeksi Romanian historiallisista alueista. Maantieteellisesti se rajoittuu etelässä, lännessä ja idässä Tonavaan sekä pohjoisessa Etelä-Karpaatteihin. Oltjoki jakaa Valakian kahteen osaan, Munteniaan eli Isoon-Valakiaan idässä ja Olteniaan eli Vähään-Valakiaan lännessä.

Luettelo

Hallitsija Muotokuva Vuosi Perhe Huom
1. Seneslau[2][3] noin 1247 Oltjoen länsipuolisen alueen Voivodi.
2. Litovoi[3] 1247 – 1277 Oltjoen länsipuolisen alueen Voivodi.
3. Bărbat[3] noin 1277 – 1290 Litovoin veli.
4. Thocomerius[3] noin 1290 – 1310 Tunnetaan myös nimellä Tihomir
5. Radu Negru[4] noin 1300 Kuuluisa Valakian voivodi, jotkut historioitsijat pitävät Thocomeriuksen tai Basarab I:n lempinimenä.
Valakian ruhtinaskunta 1300 -luvulla.
1. Basarab I[4][5][6] noin 1310 – 1352 Basarab Thocomeriksen poika, joka myöhemmin tunnettiin nimellä Basarab Întemeietorul.
2. Nicolae Alexandru[5][6] 1352 – 1364 Basarab Basarab I:n poika.
3. Vladislav I[6] noin 1364 – 1377 Basarab Nicolae Alexandrun poika aka Vlaicu-Vodă.[6]
4. Radu I[6] noin 1377 – 1383 Basarab Nicolae Alexandrun poika.[6]
5. Dan I[6][7] noin 1383 – 1386 Dăneşti Radu I:n poika. Kaatui sodassa.
6. Mircea I cel Bătrân[5]
(Mircea I Vanha )		 1386 – 1394 Basarab Radu I:n poika.
7. Vlad I Anastaja[6]
(Vlad I the Usurper)		 1394 – 1397 Dan I:n poika.
6. Mircea I cel Bătrân[6]
(Mircea I)[8]		 1397 – 1418 Basarab
8. Mikael I[6] 1418 – 1420 Basarab Mircea cel Bătrân poika. Kuoli sulttaani Mehmed I:n vankina.[6][9]
9. Dan II[6] 1420 – 1421 Dăneşti Dan I:n poika, Order of the Dragon-ritarikunnan jäsen
10. Radu II Kalju[6]
(Radu II)		 1421 Basarab Mircea cel Bătrân poika.
9. Dan II[10] 1421 – 1423 Dăneşti Toinen kausi.
10. Radu II Kalju 1423 Basarab Toinen kausi.
9. Dan II[10] 1423 – 1424 Dăneşti Kolmas kausi.
10. Radu II Kalju 1424 – 1426 Basarab Kolmas kausi.
9. Dan II[10] 1426 – 1427 Dăneşti Neljäs kausi.
10. Radu II Kalju 1427 Basarab Neljäs kausi.
9. Dan II[10] 1427 – 1431 Dăneşti
11. Aleksanteri I Aldea[6] 1431 – 1436 Drăculeşti Mircea cel Bătrân poika.
12. Vlad II Dracul[2] 1436 – 1442 Drăculeşti Mircea cel Bătrân avioton poika Order of the Dragon ritarikunnan jäsen.
13. Mircea II[6] 1442 Drăculeşti Vlad II Draculin poika.
14. Basarab II[6] 1442 – 1443 Dăneşti Dan II:n poika.
12. Vlad II Dracul[2] 1443 – 1447 Drăculeşti Toinen kausi.
15. Vladislav II[6] 1447 – 1448 Dăneşti Dan II:n poika, jota tuki Unkarin valtionhoitaja János Hunyadi.
16. Vlad III Ţepeş
(Vlad III)[2][6]		 1448 Drăculeşti Vlad II Draculin poika.
15. Vladislav II[5] 1448 – 1456 Dăneşti Dan II:n poika. Toinen kausi.
16. Vlad III Ţepeş[2][5] 1456 – 1462 Drăculeşti Toinen kausi.
17. Radu III Komea[5][6]
(Radu III)		 1462 – 1473 Drăculeşti Vlad II Draculin poika.
18. Basarab III Laiotă cel Bătrân[6] [11]
(Basarab III Laiotă )		 1473 Dăneşti Dan II:n poika.
17. Radu III Komea[5] 1473 – 1474 Drăculeşti Toinen kausi.
18. Basarab III Laiotă cel Bătrân 1474 Dăneşti
17. Radu III Komea[5] 1474 Drăculeşti
18. Basarab III Laiotă cel Bătrân 1474 Dăneşti
17. Radu III Komea[5] 1474 – 1475 Drăculeşti
18. Basarab III Laiotă cel Bătrân 1475 – 1476 Dăneşti
16. Vlad III Ţepeş[2] 1476 Drăculeşti
18. Basarab III Laiotă cel Bătrân 1476 – 1477 Dăneşti
19. Basarab IV Nuori[6]
(Basarab IV Ţepeluş)		 1477 – 1481 Dăneşti Basarab II:n poika.
20. Mircea (III) 1481
21. Vlad IV Nuori
(Vlad IV)		 1481 Drăculeşti Vlad II Draculin poika.
19. Basarab IV Ţepeluş cel Tânăr 1481 – 1482 Dăneşti
21. Vlad IV Nuori[6] 1482 – 1495 Drăculeşti
22. Radu IV Suuri[6]
(Radu IV)		 1495 – 1508 Drăculeşti Vlad Călugărul:n poika.
23. Mihnea I Paha[6] 1508 – 1509 Drăculeşti Vlad III Ţepeşin poika.
24. Mircea III[6] 1509 – 1510 Drăculeşti Mihnea cel Răun poika.
25. Vlad V Nuori
(Vlad V)		 1510 – 1512 Drăculeşti Radu cel Maren pojan veljenpoika, aka Vlăduţ.
26. Neagoe Basarab V[12][6] 1512 – 1521 Craioveşti
27. Teodosie[6] 1521 – 1522
28. Radu V[13] 1522 – 1523 Drăculeşti Radu cel Maren avioton poika, liittoutunut Craioveştin kanssa.
29. Vladislav III[6] 1523 Dăneşti Vladislav II:n veljenpoika.
30. Radu VI Bădica[13] [6] 1523 – 1524 Radu IV Suuren poika.
28. Radu V [13][6] 1524 Craioveşti
29. Vladislav III 1524 Dăneşti
28. Radu V[13] 1524 – 1525 Craioveşti
29. Vladislav III 1525 Dăneşti
28. Radu V[13] 1525 – 1529 Craioveşti
31. Basarab VI[14] 1529 Neagoe Basarab V:n poika.
32. Moise[14] 1529 – 1530
33. Vlad VI Hukkunut[8][14]
(Vlad VI)		 1530 – 1532 Drăculeşti Vlad cel Tânărin poika.
34. Vlad VII Vintilă de la Slatina[14] 1532 – 1535 Drăculeşti Radu cel Maren poika.
35. Radu VII Paisie[14] 1535 – 1545 Drăculeşti Vlad Vintilă de la Slatinan poika.
36. Mircea IV Ciobanul
(Mircea IV)		 1545 – 1552 Drăculeşti Radu cel Maren poika.
37. Radu VIII Ilie Haidăul
(Radu VIII)		 1552 – 1553 Drăculeşti Radu de la Afumaţin poika.
36. Mircea IV Ciobanul[14] 1553 – 1554 Drăculeşti
38. Pătraşcu cel Bun[14] 1554 – 1558 Drăculeşti Radu Paisien poika.
36. Mircea IV Ciobanul 1558 – 1559 Drăculeşti
39. Petru I cel Tânăr[14]
(Peter I)		 1559 – 1568 Drăculeşti Mircea Ciobanulun poika.
40. Alexandru II Mircea[5] 1568 – 1574 Drăculeşti Mircea II:n poika; aka Oaie Seacă.
41. Vintilă[14] 1574 Drăculeşti Petru Pătraşcu cel Bunin poika. Moldavialaisten nimittämä.
40. Alexandru II Mircea 1574 – 1577 Drăculeşti
42. Mihnea II Turcitul[15] 1577 – 1583 Drăculeşti Alexandru II Mircean poika.
43. Petru II Cercel[14]
(Peter II)		 1583 – 1585 Drăculeşti Petru Pătraşcu cel Bunin poika.
42. Mihnea II Turcitul[15] 1585 – 1591 Drăculeşti
44. Ştefan I Surdul[14] 1591 – 1592
45. Alexandru III cel Rău[14]
(Alexander III the Mean)		 1592 – 1593 Oli myös Moldavian hallitsijana 1592.
46. Mihail II Viteazul[5][8]
(Mihail urhea)[16][2][14]		 1593 – 1600 Drăculeşti Petru Pătraşcu cel Bunin avioton poika, joka hallitsi myös Transylvaniaa (1599-1600) sekä Moldaviaa (1600) ja yhdisti nämä kolme aluetta.
47. Simion Movilă[14] 1600 – 1601 Movileşti Moldavialaisten asettama.
48. Radu IX Mihnea[14] 1601 – 1602 Drăculeşti Minhea II Turcitulin poika.
47. Simion Movilă 1602 Movileşti
49. Radu X Şerban 1602 – 1610
50. Gabriel I Báthory 1611 Báthory Hallitsi myös Transylvaniaa.
48. Radu IX Mihnea 1611 Drăculeşti
49. Radu X Şerban 1611
48. Radu IX Mihnea 1611 – 1616 Drăculeşti
51. Gabriel II Movilă[14] 1616 Movileşti Simion Movilăn poika. Moldavialaisten asettama.
52. Alexandru IV Iliaş[14] 1616 – 1618
51. Gabriel II Movilă 1618 – 1620 Movileşti
48. Radu IX Mihnea 1620 – 1623 Drăculeşti
53. Alexandru V Coconul[14] 1623 – 1627 Drăculeşti Radu Mihnean poika.
52. Alexandru IV Iliaş 1627 – 1629
54. Leon Tomşa [14] 1629 – 1632 Pajarit
55. Radu XI Iliaş[14] 1632
56. Matei Basarab[17][14] 1632 – 1654 Brâncoveneşti
57. Constantin I Şerban [8] 1654 – 1658 Radu Şerbanin avioton poika.
58. Mihnea III[14] 1658 – 1659
59. Gheorghe I Ghica 1659 – 1660 Ghica
60. Grigore I Ghica[14] 1660 – 1664 Ghica Syntyperältään albaani.
61. Radu XII Leon[14] 1664 – 1669 Pajarit
62. Antonie Vodă din Popeşti[14] 1669 – 1672
60. Grigore I Ghica 1672 – 1673 Ghica
63. Gheorghe II Ducas[14] 1673 – 1678
64. Şerban Cantacuzino[18] 1678 – 1688 Cantacuzene
65. Constantin II Brâncoveanu[5][19] 1688 – 1714 Brâncoveneşti
66. Ştefan II Cantacuzino[20] 1714 – 1715 Cantacuzene
Fanarioottien aikakausi 1715 - 1821
111. Nicolae Mavrocordat[20] 1715 – 1716 Mavrocordato
112. Habsburgin miehitys 1716
113. Ioan Mavrocordat[21] 1716 – 1719 Mavrocordato
114. Nicolae Mavrocordat[20] 1719 – 1730 Mavrocordato
115. Constantin Mavrocordat[20] 1730 Mavrocordato
116. Mihai Racoviţă[21] 1730 – 1731 Racoviţă
117. Constantin Mavrocordat[20] 1731 – 1733 Mavrocordato
118. Grigore II Ghica[21] 1733 – 1735 Ghica
119. Constantin Mavrocordat[20] 1735 – 1741 Mavrocordato
120. Mihai Racoviţă 1741 – 1744 Racoviţă
121. Constantin Mavrocordat[20] 1744 – 1748 Mavrocordato
122. Grigore II Ghica 1748 – 1752 Ghica
123. Matei Ghica[21] 1752 – 1753 Ghica
124. Constantin Racoviţă[21] 1753 – 1756
125. Constantin Mavrocordat[20] 1756 – 1758
126. Scarlat Ghica[21] 1758 – 1761 Ghica
127. Constantin Mavrocordat[20] 1761 – 1763
128. Constantin Racoviţă 1763 – 1764 Racoviţă
129. Ştefan Racoviţă[21] 1764 – 1765 Racoviţă
130. Scarlat Ghica 1765 – 1766 Ghica
131. Alexandru Ghica[21] 1766 – 1768 Ghica
132. Venäjän keisarikunnan miehitys[21] 1768
133. Grigore III Ghica 1768 – 1769 Ghica
134. Venäjän keisarikunnan miehitys 1769 – 1770
135. Emanuel Giani Ruset[21] 1770 - 1771 Rosetti Manole tai Manolache. Fanarioottisukua.[21]
136. Alexander Ypsilantis[20] 1774 – 1782 Ypsilanti
137. Nicolae Caragea[21] 1782 – 1783 Caradja
138. Mihail Suţu[20] 1783 – 1786 Soutzos
139. Nicolae Mavrogheni[21] 1786 – 1789
140. Habsburgin miehitys 1789 – 1790 Sotilaskomentajana: prinssi Josias of Saxe-Coburg.
141. Mihail Suţu 1791 – 1793 Soutzos
142. Alexandru Moruzi[20] 1793 – 1796 Mourousi
143. Alexander Ypsilantis[20] 1796 – 1797 Ypsilanti
144. Constantin Hangerli[20][8] 1797 – 1799
145. Alexandru Moruzi[8] 1799 – 1801 Mourousi
146. Mihail Suţu 1801 – 1802 Soutzos
147. Alexandru Suţu 1802 Soutzos
148. Constantin Ypsilanti 1802 - 1806 Ypsilanti
149. Venäjän keisarikunnan miehitys[21] 1806 – 1812
150. Ioan Gheorghe Caragea[22] 1812 – 1818 Caradja
151. Caimacam
Grigore Brâncovenu		 1818 Vornic Barbu Văcărescu, Vistier Grigore Ghica ja Logofăt Samurcaş.
152. Alexandru Suţu 1818 – 1821 Soutzos
153. Caimacam
Grigore Brâncoveanu		 1821
154. Tudor Vladimirescu[5][20] 1821 Valakian vallankumouksen johtaja.
155. Scarlat Callimachi[23] 1821 Callimachi sheet
156. Grigore IV Ghica 1822 – 1828 Ghica
157. Venäjän keisarikunnan miehitys[21] 1828 – 1834 Komentajina: Fyodor Pahlen, Pyotr Zheltukhin ja Pavel Kiseleff.
Regulamentul Organic hallitus 1832 – 1856
158. Alexandru II Ghica[21] 1834 – 1842 Ghica
159. Gheorghe Bibescu[24] 1842 – 1848 Bibescu
160. Valakian vallankumouksellinen hallitus[8][21] 1848 Patriarkka Neofit II, jota avustivat Christian Tell, Ion Heliade Rădulescu, Ştefan Golescu, Gheorghe Magheru sekä Gheorghe Scurti.
161. Locotenenţa domnească[8][5]
(Kolmen sijaishallitus)		 1848 Christian Tell, Ion Heliade Rădulescu ja Nicolae Golescu.
162. Osmanien ja Venäjän keisarikunnan miehitys[5] 1848 – 1851 Komentajat: Omar pašša ja Alexander von Lüders.
163. Caimacam[5]
Constantin Cantacuzino		 1848
164. Barbu Ştirbei[5] 1848 – 1853 Ştirbei
165. Venäjän keisarikunnan[5] miehitys 1853 – 1854
166. Osmanien miehitys[21] 1854
167. Itävallan keisarikunnan miehitys[21] 1854 – 1856 Komentajana: Johann Coronini-Cronberg.
168. Barbu Dimitrie Știrbei[5] 1854 – 1856 Ştirbei
Autonominen protektoraatti (Pariisin rauha (1856) 1856 – 1859
169. Caimacam
Alexandru II Ghica		 1856 – 1858
170. Kolmen sijaishallitus[25] 1858 – 1859 Ioan Manu, Emanoil Băleanu ja Ioan A. Filipide.
171. Alexandru Ioan Cuza[5][25] 1859 – 1862 Hallitsi myös Moldaviaa.
Valakian ja Moldavian liitto 1862 lähtien.

Lähteet

  • Jussila, Tapani: Romania Passi. Helsinki: Kanki press, 2008. ISBN 978-952-99419-2-6
  • Le Bass, Tom: Insight Guide Romania. Singapore: Apa Publications Ghmb & Co, 2007. ISBN 978-981-258-610-0 (englanniksi)
  • Korpela, Jukka: Itä-Euroopan historia keskiajalta 1700 -luvulle. Helsinki: Gaudeamus, 1999. ISBN 951-662-772-2
  • Georgescu, Vlad: The Romanians – A History. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1991. ISBN 0-8142-0511-9 (englanniksi)
  • Giurescu, Constantin C: Istoria Românilor. Bucureşti: All educational, 1938. ISBN 973-684-169-3 (romaniaksi)
  • Stoicescu, Nicolae: Radu de la Afumaţi. Bucureşti: Editura Militară, 1983. (romaniaksi)
  • Xenopol, A.D: Istoria romînilor din Dacia Traiană Vol. V. Iaşi: Saeculum I. O., 1896. (romaniaksi)
  • Djuvara, Neagu: Între Orient şi Occident. Ţările române la începutul epocii moderne, s. 31. Bukarest: Humanitas, 1995. (romaniaksi)
  • Ionescu, Ştefan: Bucureştii în vremea fanarioţilor. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Dacia, 1974. (romaniaksi)
  • Hitchins, Keith: Românii (Käännös). Oxfort: Oxfort University Press, 1996. (englanniksi)
  • Harjula, Mirko: Romanian historia. Norderstedt, Saksa: Books on demand GmbH, 2009. ISBN 978-952-92-5264-0

Viitteet

  1. ↑ Wallachia History Lonely Planet. Arkistoitu 4.11.2013. Viitattu 2.10.2012. (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Jussila.
  3. ↑ a b c d Georgescu, Vlad
  4. ↑ a b Korpela, s. 68
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Le Bass, Tom
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Harjula, s. 244
  7. ↑ Dan I Voievod, Tismanan kaupungin kotisivut. (viitattu 2.10.2012) (romaniaksi)
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h Giurescu, Constantin
  9. ↑ Stoneman, s. 218
  10. ↑ a b c d Portuguese-Romanian ties excellent, with wide potential for improvement (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive) Uutinen Romanian ja Portugalin yhteistyöstä. (viitattu 2.10.2012) (englanniksi)
  11. ↑ Jussila, s. 121
  12. ↑ Agenţia De Ştiri Basilica, Patriarhia Română (Agenţia De Ştiri Basilica Arkistoitu – Internet Archive) Romanian Ortodoksinen kirkko. (viitattu 2.10.2012) (romaniaksi)
  13. ↑ a b c d e Stoicescu, Nicolae
  14. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Harjula, s. 245
  15. ↑ a b Xenopol, A.D
  16. ↑ Korpela, s. 123
  17. ↑ Korpela, s. 124
  18. ↑ Romanian Prince Serban Cantacuzino dies in Paris Romania Insider (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive) Romania-insider uutiset. (viitattu 2.10.2012) (englanniksi)
  19. ↑ Martiriul Brâncovenilor Credo.ro (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive) Romanian ortodoksinen kirkko. (viitattu 2.10.2012) (romaniaksi)
  20. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Djuvara, Neagu
  21. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Harjula, s. 246
  22. ↑ Ionescu, Ştefan
  23. ↑ Family Group Sheet Chirtopherlong.co.uk (viitattu 2.10.2012) (englanniksi)
  24. ↑ Hitchins, Keith
  25. ↑ a b Harjula, s. 247

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Bagian dari seriGereja Katolik menurut negara Afrika Afrika Selatan Afrika Tengah Aljazair Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Chad Eritrea Eswatini Etiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guinea Khatulistiwa Jibuti Kamerun Kenya Komoro Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagaskar Malawi Mali Maroko Mauritania Mauritius Mesir Mozambik Namibia Niger Nigeria Pantai Gading Republik Demokratik Kongo Republik Kongo Rwanda Sao Tome dan Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia Somaliland ...

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This template does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment scale.It is of interest to the following WikiProjects:Stub sorting This template is maintained by WikiProject Stub sorting, an attempt to bring some sort of order to Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, you can choose to improve/expand the articles containing this stub notice, or visit the project page, where you can join the project and see a list of open tasks.Stub sortingWikipedia:WikiProject Stub sortingTemp...

 

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Questa voce sull'argomento centri abitati della Grande Pianura Meridionale è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Szegvárcomune Szegvár – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Ungheria RegioneGrande Pianura Meridionale Contea Csongrád-Csanád TerritorioCoordinate46°35′N 20°14′E46°35′N, 20°14′E (Szegvár) Superficie86,22 km² Abitanti4 937 (2001) Densità57,26 ab./km² Altre informazioniCod. postale6635 Prefisso63 Fu...

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Undercarriage of aircraft or spacecraft This article is about aircraft landing gear. For semitrailer landing gear, see semitrailer. For the Devin the Dude album, see Landing Gear. The retractable main landing gear of a Boeing 747 Landing gear is the undercarriage of an aircraft or spacecraft that is used for taxiing, takeoff or landing. For aircraft it is generally needed for both. It was also formerly called alighting gear by some manufacturers, such as the Glenn L. Martin Company. For aircr...