Kaasuvalaistus

Historiallinen kaasulamppu Helsingissä Sofiankadulla.

Kaasuvalaistus yleistyi nopeasti kaupunkikaasun käyttöönoton myötä. Alkuun valaisimet olivat pelkkiä kaasusoihtuja, joiden valaisu perustui liekissä hehkuvaan hiileen. Valokaasun täytyi siten sisältää hiilivetyjä, jotka paloivat valaisevalla liekillä.

Kaupunkien keskustoihin ilmestyi nopeasti lyhtypylväitä, joissa paloi kaasuvalo öisin. Syntyi myös ammattikunta, jonka tehtävänä oli sytytellä valot joka ilta. Sittemmin tekniikka kehittyi, sytyttäminen ja sammuttaminen hoidettiin automaattisilla lyhdyillä, jotka reagoivat kaasuverkon paineeseen. Päivisin niissä paloi vain pieni herätystuli. Kunnolla kaasuvalo alkoi loistaa vasta 1800-luvun lopulla hehkusukan keksimisen jälkeen. lähde?

Auer von Welsbachin keksimän auer-lampun ansiosta tuli käyttöön valaistus, joka syntyy, kun kaasuliekki kuumentaa hehkusukkaa niin, että sen lämpötila nousee 1 700-2 500 celsiusasteeseen, jolloin se valaisee. Kaasusukan materiaali on luonnonkuitua tai tekokuitua. Siihen imeytetään harvinaisten maametallien, lähinnä toriumin ja ceriumin, typpiyhdisteitä. Sukka käsitellään kestävyyttä pidentävillä aineilla. Kuitu palaa pois, ja jäljelle jää mekaanisesti heikko mineraalisukka.[1]

Sähkövalo syrjäytti kaasuvalon 1900-luvulla. Nykyään kaasuvaloa käytetään retkivalaisimissa ja muualla sähköverkon ulottumattomissa.

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Kaasuhehkuvalo. Otavan Iso tietosanakirja, osa 4, palsta 106. Helsinki, Otava 1966.

Aiheesta muualla

Valonlähteet
Luonnollinen
Palaminen
Hehkuminen
Fluoresenssi
Valokaari
Kaasupurkauslamppu
Muut
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