Badajoz

Badajoz
lippu
lippu
vaakuna
vaakuna

Badajoz

Koordinaatit: 38°52′44″N, 6°58′1″W

Valtio Espanja
Itsehallintoalue Extremadura
Maakunta Badajoz
Hallinto
 – Hallinnon tyyppi kaupunki
 – Pormestari Francisco Javier Fragoso Martínez
Pinta-ala
 – Kokonaispinta-ala 1440 km²
Väkiluku (2021) 150 610
 – Väestötiheys 105 as./km²









Badajoz on Badajozin maakunnan pääkaupunki ja suurin kaupunki Extremaduran itsehallintoalueella Espanjassa. Se sijaitsee lähellä Portugalin rajaa Guadiana-joen vasemmalla rannalla[1] MadridinLissabonin rautatien varrella. Vuonna 2021 kaupungissa oli 150 610 asukasta[2].

Badajozissa on myös piispanistuin. Tuomiokirkko on vuodelta 1238. Kaupungin ympäristössä on maurilinnoituksen raunioita.

Historia

Badajozia ei mainita roomalaisissa lähteissä. Vuonna 1031 se nousi pienen emiraatin pääkaupungiksi. Portugali valtasi sen vähäksi aikaa 1168, jonka jälkeen se sai itsenäisyytensä, kunnes Kastilian ja Leónin kuningaskunta valloitti sen vuonna 1229 Alfonso IX:n johdolla.

Portugalilaiset saartoivat kaupungin 1660 ja 1705 liittoutuneet Espanjan perimyssodassa. Napoleonin sotien aikaan ranskalaiset hyökkäsivät alueelle tuloksetta vuosina 1808 ja 1809, mutta 1811 espanjalainen komendantti lahjottiin antautumaan. Englantilaiset valtasivat kaupungin viimein 1812 Arthur Wellesleyn johdolla kärsien raskaita tappioita.

Sotilas- ja tasavaltalaiskapina alkoi kaupungissa elokuussa 1883 epäonnistuen täysin. Espanjan sisällissodassa nationalistit valtasivat kaupungin ja joukko tasavaltalaisia vankeja teloitettiin härkätaisteluareenalla.

Badajoz on valtiomies Manuel de Godoyn, Alcaldian herttuan (1767–1851) ja taidemaalari Luis de Moralesin[1] (1509–1586) synnyinpaikka. Kaksi Moralesin maalausta on säilynyt katedraalissa.

Kuvia

Lähteet

  1. a b Badajoz Encyclopaedia Britannica. Viitattu 10.5.2022. (englanniksi)
  2. Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero (Valinnat: Municipios: 06015 Badajoz, Sexo: Total, Periodo: 2021) Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Viitattu 10.5.2022. (espanjaksi)

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