Calvados

Artikulu hau Frantziako departamentuari buruzkoa da; beste esanahietarako, ikus «Calvados (argipena)».
Calvados (14)
Frantziako departamendua
Calvados (14)
Administrazioa
Estatua Frantzia
EskualdeaNormandia
PrefeturaCaen
PrefetaAnne d'Ornano
Eskuinekoa
AzpiprefeturakBayeux
Lisieux
Vire
Barrutiak4
Kantonamenduak49
Udalerriak705
Kokapena
Koordenatuak49°02′N 0°15′E / 49.03°N 0.25°E / 49.03; 0.25
Azalera5.548 km²
Demografia
Biztanleria700633
Dentsitatea126.285,68853641 bizt/km²
Kontseilu Orokorraren webgunea

Calvados (frantsesez kalvados ahoskatua) Frantziako departamendua da (14), Normandia zatitzetik sortutako bost departamendutako bat. Normandia eskualdean kokatua dago, Mantxaren itsasertzean. Mugakide ditu Eure ekialdean, Orne hegoaldean eta Manche mendebaldean.[1]

Prefektura Caen hirian dago, hiri eta portu nagusia ere badena. Suprefetura hiriak Bayeux, Lisieux eta Vire dira. Nekazaritza da bertako ekonomia jarduera nagusia (garia eta azukre kanabera, Auge lurraldean; behi azienda, esnekiak eta gaztak, Bessin eta Bocage Normand lurraldeetan). Turismo herri garrantzitsuak Deauville eta Cabourg.[2]

Historia

Departamendua Frantziako Iraultzan sortu zuten: 1790eko martxoaren 4an, Normandiako antzinako probintziaren zati batean. Hasiera batean Orne Beherea (frantsesez: Orne-Inférieure) deitzea pentsatu zuten, baina 1790eko otsailaren 26an -eratu baino sei egun lehenago- bere egungo izena erabiltzea erabaki zen. Kondairaren arabera, bere izena Çalvador (Salvador) izeneko Itsas Armada Garaiezinaren espainiar itsasontzi batetik dator, bere kostaldean hondoratu omen zena. Edonola ere, litekeena da, hala ere, Calvados izena calva dorsa esalditik eratorria izatea, hau da, bizkar biluzitik, bere itsasertzeko bi arroka landaretu gutxiri erreferentzia eginez.[3]

Waterlooko guduan aliatuek izandako garaipenaren ondoren, 1815eko ekaina eta 1818ko azaroa bitartean, prusiar tropek departamendua okupatu zuten.

Bigarren Mundu Gerraren garaian, Calvados Normandiako guduaren (1944) eszenatoki garrantzitsua izan zen. E egunean, tropa aliatuen lehorreratzeak euren hondartzetan izan ziren. Bere artean, Omaha Beachena nabarmentzen da. Caengo borroken ondorioz, hiri gehiena suntsitu zuten.[4]

Demografia

Bilakaera demografikoa (erroldatutako biztanleria)
1801 1831 1841 1851 1856 1861 1866
451.836 494.702 496.198 491.210 478.397 480.992 474.909
1872 1876 1881 1886 1891 1896 1901
454.012 450.220 439.830 437.267 428.945 417.176 410.178
1906 1911 1921 1926 1931 1936 1946
403.431 396.318 384.730 390.492 401.356 404.901 400.026
1954 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999
442.991 480.757 519.695 560.967 589.559 618.478 648.385

Ekonomia

Nekazaritzan, esne, sagardo eta brandy ekoizten ditu. Calvados izena oso famatua da izen bereko sagar patsez eginiko edari bizi ospetsuengatik.[5]

Familia-, kirol- eta natura-turismoa ere nabarmenak dira.

Galeria

Erreferentziak

  1. ↑ Lur entziklopedietatik hartua.
  2. ↑ Lur entziklopedietatik hartua.
  3. ↑ Lepelley, René. (1990). Calvados, qui es-tu, d'où viens-tu ou le nom énigmatique d'un département Français: Critique d'une tradition, hypothèses diverses, proposition d'interprétation. C. Corlet.
  4. ↑ Powers, Stephen. (1992ko uztaila). «The Battle of Normandy: The Lingering Controversy» The Journal of Military History 56 (3): 455–472.  doi:10.2307/1985972. ISSN 0899-3718..
  5. ↑ Lur entziklopedietatik hartua.

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