Anabasia

Anabasia
Jatorria
Egilea(k)Xenofonte
Sorrera-urteaK.a. 370
IzenburuaἈνάβασις
Jatorrizko herrialdeaAntzinako Grezia
Ezaugarriak
Genero artistikoaBidaldi liburua eta historiography (en) Itzuli
Hizkuntzaantzinako greziera
Fikzioa
Kontakizunaren tokiaTrabzon, Dardaneloak, Armenia eta Itsaso Beltza
Argumentu nagusiaHamar Milak eta history of ancient Greece (en) Itzuli

Anabasia edo Hamar Milen Espedizioa (Hamar Milen Erretiratzea eta Hamar Milen Martxa ere bai) (antzinako grezieraz: Ἀνάβασις, euskaraz: «barnerako espedizioa» esan nahi du), Xenofonte historialari greziarrak idatzitako istorio bat da, Sokratesen ikaslea, benetako gertaeran parte hartu zuena.

Edukia

Bertan, Ziro Gaztearen bere anaia Artaxerxes II.a erregearen kontrako espedizioa eta, Ziro hil ondoren, Artaxerxesen zerbitzura zeuden mertzenario greziarrak euren herrialdera itzultzea kontatzen dira.

K. a. 401ean, Artaxerxes II.a persiar Inperioko tronura igo eta hiru urtera, bere anaia txikia zen Ziro matxinatu egin zen bere Asia Txikiko satrapian. Bere anaia tronutik botatzeko, bertan hamar mila mertzenario greziar bildu zituen armada bat osatu zuen. Sardesetik abiatu zen, Asia Txikitik jarraitu eta Eufrates ibaiaren ertzetik jaitsi zen Cunaxaraino, Babiloniatik gertu. Ziro, Cunaxako guduan hil zen, honek, bere harmada ihesean irtetzea eragin zuelarik. Greziar mertzenarioak, aldiz, bilduta eta garaitezin mantendu ziren Klearko agintari espartarraren agindupean. Etsaiarekin egin zituzten negoziaketetan, Klearko eta greziar agintari nagusienei, traizioz burua moztu zieten, eta, beraz, mertzenarioek beste batzuk aukeratu behar izan zituzten. Hauen artean, Xenofonte bera zegoen, gainontzeko armada Greziaranzko itzuleran gidatu zuena. Tigris ibaian gora egin zuten eta Armenia zeharkatu zuten lurralde etsaian zehar eginiko lau mila kilometroko ibilbide batean, Trapezunteko greziar koloniara iritsi arte (gaur egungo Trabzon, Turkia), Itsaso Beltzaren hegoaldeko ertzean. Ospetsuak dira aurreratutako soldadu batek, Trabzon ikustean esan zituen hitzak: θάλαττα, θάλαττα ("Thalassa, Thalassa"-"Itsasoa, Itsasoa")

Narrazioak, hirugarren pertsonan idatzia, interes historiko handia du, baina gainera, estilo gozagarri bat du, zenbait gertaeretan, hunkitu ere egin arte. Bere estiloaren xalotasunagatik, sarri, bigarren hezkuntzan erabiltzen da, greziera klasikoaren itzulpenean hasteko testu gisa.

Egokitzeak

Xenofonteren istorioak, Sol Yurick inspiratu zuen bere The Warriors libururako, liburu honetan, Walter Hillen The Warriors filma oinarritu zelarik, eta, ondoren, bideo-jokoetan jarraipenak izan dituena.

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