The World Charter for Prostitutes' Rights is a declaration of rights adopted in 1985 to protect sex workers' rights (or prostitutes' rights) worldwide.[1][2] It was adopted on 15 February 1985 at the first World Whores Congress in Amsterdam by the newly formed International Committee for Prostitutes' Rights (ICPR).[2][3] The Charter established a human rights-based approach to prostitution, demanding that sex workers be guaranteed freedom of speech, travel, immigration, work, marriage, motherhood, health, and housing, amongst other things.[4] This approach has subsequently been further elaborated by the sex workers' rights movement.[4]
The World Charter emerged from the prostitutes' / sex workers' rights movement starting in the mid-1970s.[1] The distinction between voluntary and forced prostitution was developed by the movement in response to feminists and others who saw all prostitution as abusive. The World Charter for Prostitutes' Rights calls for the decriminalisation of "all aspects of adult prostitution resulting from individual decisions."[5] The World Charter further states that prostitutes should be guaranteed "all human rights and civil liberties", including the freedom of speech, travel, immigration, work, marriage, and motherhood, and the right to unemployment insurance, health insurance and housing.[6] Furthermore, the World Charter calls for protection of "work standards", including the abolition of laws which impose any systematic zoning of prostitution, and calls for prostitutes having the freedom to choose their place of work and residence, and to "provide their services under the conditions that are absolutely determined by themselves and no one else."[6] The World Charter calls for prostitutes to pay regular taxes "on the same basis as other independent contractors and employees," and to receive the same benefits for their taxes.[6]
Laws[2][7]
Human Rights
Working Conditions
Health
Services
Taxes
Public Opinion
Organization
In an article announcing the adoption of the World Charter, the United Press International reported: "Women from the world's oldest profession, some wearing exotic masks to protect their identity, appealed Friday at the world's first international prostitutes' convention for society to stop treating them like criminals."[8][dead link][citation needed]
The World Charter, together with the two World Whores Congresses held in Amsterdam (February 1985) and Brussels (October 1986), epitomised a worldwide prostitutes' rights movement and politics.[1][9] The Charter established a human rights-based approach to prostitution, which has subsequently been further elaborated by the sex workers' rights movement.[4]
In 1999, the Santa Monica Mirror commented on the popularization of the term "sex worker" as an alternative to "whore" or "prostitute" and credited the World Charter, among others, for having "articulated a global political movement seeking recognition and social change."[10]
In 2000, the Carnegie Council published a report commenting on the results of the World Charter, fifteen years after its adoption.[4] The report concluded that the human rights approach embodied in the World Charter had proven "extremely useful for advocates seeking to reduce discrimination against sex workers."[4] For example, human rights advocates in Australia utilized the language of human rights to resist "mandatory health tests" for sex workers and to require that information regarding health be kept confidential.[4] However, the report also found that efforts from anti-prostitution activists to define prostitution (as a whole) as a human rights abuse might open the way some governments to try and "abolish the sex industry".[4]
And in 2003, Kimberly Klinger in The Humanist noted that the World Charter had become "a template used by human rights groups all over the world."[11]
In other circles, the World Charter was initially met with scepticism and ridicule. The Philadelphia Daily News asked, "Does it contain a layoff clause?"[12] Another writer referred to it derisively as "a Magna Carta for whores".[13] When the second World Whores Congress was held in Brussels in 1986, Time reported: "Just what were all those hookers doing in the hallowed halls of the European Parliament in Brussels last week? The moral outrage echoing in the corridors may have suggested that a re-creation of Sodom and Gomorrah was being staged. Reason: about 125 prostitutes, including three men, were attending the Second World Whores Congress."[9]
The Charter remains controversial, as some feminists consider prostitution to be one of the most serious problems facing women, particularly in developing countries. In Jessica Spector's 2006 book Prostitution and Pornography, Vednita Carter and Evelina Giobbe offer the following critique of the Charter:
"Pretending prostitution is a job like any other job would be laughable if it weren't so serious. Leading marginalized prostituted women to believe that decriminalization would materially change anything substantive in their lives as prostitutes is dangerous and irresponsible. There are no liberating clauses in the World Charter. Pimps are not 'third party managers.'"[14]
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