Western European Time

Time in Europe:
Light Blue Western European Time / Greenwich Mean Time (UTC)
Blue Western European Time / Greenwich Mean Time (UTC)
Western European Summer Time / British Summer Time / Irish Standard Time (UTC+1)
Red Central European Time (UTC+1)
Central European Summer Time (UTC+2)
Yellow Eastern European Time / Kaliningrad Time (UTC+2)
Ochre Eastern European Time (UTC+2)
Eastern European Summer Time (UTC+3)
Green Moscow Time / Turkey Time (UTC+3)
Turquoise Armenia Time / Azerbaijan Time / Georgia Time / Samara Time (UTC+4)
▉▉▉▉ Pale colours: Standard time observed all year
▉▉▉ Dark colours: Summer time observed

Western European Time (WET, UTC+00:00) is a time zone covering parts of western Europe and consists of countries using UTC+00:00 (also known as Greenwich Mean Time, abbreviated GMT).[1][2] It is one of the three standard time zones in the European Union along with Central European Time and Eastern European Time.[3][2]

The following Western European countries and regions use UTC+00:00 in winter months:

All the above countries except Iceland[14] implement daylight saving time in summer (from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October each year), switching to Western European Summer Time (WEST, UTC+01:00), which is one hour ahead of WET.[15] WEST is called British Summer Time in the UK and is legally defined as Irish Standard Time in Ireland.

The nominal span of the UTC+00:00 time zone is 7.5°E to 7.5°W (0° ± 7.5°), but does not include the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Gibraltar or Spain (except Canary Islands) which use Central European Time (CET) even though these are mostly or completely west of 7.5°E. Conversely, Iceland and eastern Greenland use UTC+00:00 although both are west of 7.5°W. In September 2013, a Spanish parliamentary committee recommended switching to UTC+00:00.[16][17][18]

Historical uses

A slight variation of UTC+00:00, based until 1911 on the Paris Meridian, was used in:

Until the Second World War, France used UTC+00:00. However, the German occupation switched France to German time, and it has remained in CET since then.[31] Two other occupied territories, Belgium and the Netherlands, did the same, and Spain also switched to CET in solidarity with Germany under the orders of General Franco.[32]

In the United Kingdom, from 1940 to 1945 British Summer Time (BST=CET) was used in winters, and from 1941 to 1945 and again in 1947, British Double Summer Time (BDST=CEST) was used in summers. Between 18 February 1968 and 31 October 1971, BST was used all year round.[33][34]

In Ireland, from 1940 to 1946 Irish Summer Time (IST=CET) was used all year round, with no 'double' summer time akin to that in the United Kingdom. Between 18 February 1968 and 31 October 1971, Irish Standard Time was used all year round.[35][36]

In Portugal, CET was used in the mainland from 1966 to 1976 and from 1992 to 1996. The autonomous region of the Azores used WET from 1992 to 1993.[37][38][39]

Anomalies

Difference between legal time and local mean solar time in Europe during the winter
Colour Legal time vs local mean time
1 h ± 30 m behind
0 h ± 30 m
1 h ± 30 m ahead
2 h ± 30 m ahead

Regions located outside UTC longitudes

Located west of 22°30′ W ("physical" UTC−2)

Located west of 7°30′ W ("physical" UTC-1)

Areas located within UTC+00:00 longitudes using other time zones

These areas are actually located between 7°30′E and 7°30′W (nominally UTC+0) but use UTC+01:00 (Central European Time, nominally for longitudes between 7°30′E and 22°30′E):

All of

and most of

and minor parts of other countries.

References

  1. ^ "EU summer-time arrangements under Directive 2000/84/EC" (PDF). European Parliament. 2017.
  2. ^ a b "Reasoned opinion on subsidiarity" (PDF). Committee on Legal Affairs –European Parliament. 2019.
  3. ^ "Seasonal clock change in the EU". European Commission. 2016-09-22. Retrieved 2019-11-18.
  4. ^ "Time Zones of Portugal". Statoids. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  5. ^ "Lighter nights would keep youngsters fitter and safer, say doctors". Western Mail. Cardiff. 27 June 2005.
  6. ^ David Ennals "British Standard Times Bill [Lords]", Hansard, House of Commons Debate, 23 January 1968, vol 757 cc290-366, 290–92
  7. ^ "British Standard Time", Hansard (HC), 2 December 1970, vol 807 cc1331-422
  8. ^ "Time Zone & Clock Changes 1900-1924 in Dublin, Ireland". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  9. ^ "Time Zone & Clock Changes 1960-1969 in Dublin, Ireland". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  10. ^ "Time Zone & Clock Changes 1925-1949 in Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  11. ^ "Time Zone & Clock Changes 1900-1924 in Tórshavn, Faroe Islands". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  12. ^ "Time Zone & Clock Changes in Danmarkshavn, Greenland". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  13. ^ "Time Zone & Clock Changes in Reykjavik, Iceland". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  14. ^ "Countries that do not observe DST | GreenwichMeanTime.com". greenwichmeantime.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  15. ^ "What Countries Do Daylight Savings?". WorldAtlas. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  16. ^ "Spain considers time zone change to boost productivity". BBC News. 27 September 2013.
  17. ^ Hamilos, Paul (26 September 2013). "Adiós, siesta? Spain considers ending Franco's change to working hours". The Guardian (London).
  18. ^ Dewey, Caitlin (26 September 2013). "Spaniards are less productive, constantly tired because Spain is in the wrong time zone". The Washington Post.
  19. ^ "Time Zone & Clock Changes in Andorra La Vella, Andorra". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  20. ^ "Time Zone & Clock Changes in Brussels, Belgium". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  21. ^ "Time Zone & Clock Changes 1900-1924 in Brussels, Belgium". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  22. ^ "Time Zone & Clock Changes 1925-1949 in Brussels, Belgium". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  23. ^ "Time Zone & Clock Changes 1900-1924 in Paris, Île-de-France, France". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  24. ^ "Time Zone & Clock Changes 1925-1949 in Paris, Île-de-France, France". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  25. ^ "Time Zone & Clock Changes 1850-1899 in Gibraltar, Gibraltar". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  26. ^ "Time Zone & Clock Changes 1950-1959 in Gibraltar, Gibraltar". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  27. ^ "Time Zone & Clock Changes 1900-1924 in Luxembourg, Luxembourg". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  28. ^ "Time Zone & Clock Changes 1925-1949 in Luxembourg, Luxembourg". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  29. ^ "Time Zone & Clock Changes 1900-1924 in Monaco, Monaco". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  30. ^ "Time Zone & Clock Changes 1925-1949 in Monaco, Monaco". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  31. ^ Poulle, Yvonne (1999). "La France à l'heure allemande" (PDF). Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes. 157 (2): 493–502. doi:10.3406/bec.1999.450989. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  32. ^ "Spain Has Been In The 'Wrong' Time Zone For 7 Decades". NPR.org. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  33. ^ "Time Zone & Clock Changes 1960-1969 in London, England, United Kingdom". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  34. ^ "Time Zone & Clock Changes 1970-1979 in London, England, United Kingdom". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  35. ^ "Time Zone & Clock Changes 1960-1969 in Dublin, Ireland". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  36. ^ "Time Zone & Clock Changes 1970-1979 in Dublin, Ireland". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  37. ^ Decreto Legislativo Regional n.º 29/92/A (23-12-1992) (in Portuguese), Diário da República (Diary of the Republic) – 1st Series - A, nr. 295, p. 5932-(2), 23 December 1992. Retrieved 11 January 2014
  38. ^ Decreto Legislativo Regional n.º 8/93/A (26-03-1993) (in Portuguese), Diário da República (Diary of the Republic) – 1st Series - A, nr. 72, p. 1496-(272), 23 March 1993. Retrieved 11 January 2014
  39. ^ Decreto Legislativo Regional n.º 9/93/A (15-07-1993) (in Portuguese), Diário da República (Diary of the Republic) – 1st Series - A, nr. 164, p. 3845–3846, 15 July 1993. Retrieved 11 January 2014

Read other articles:

Permukaan integral

Kalkulus Teorema dasar Limit fungsi Kontinuitas Teorema nilai purata Teorema Rolle Diferensial Definisi Turunan (perumuman) Tabel turunan Diferensial infinitesimal fungsi total Konsep Notasi untuk pendiferensialan Turunan kedua Turunan ketiga Perubahan variabel Pendiferensialan implisit Laju yang berkaitan Teorema Taylor Kaidah dan identitas Kaidah penjumlahan dalam pendiferensialan Perkalian Rantai Pangkat Pembagian Rumus Faà di Bruno Integral Definisi Antiderivatif Integral (takw...

 

Wŏnsan

Wŏnsan 원산Wŏnsan CityTranskripsi Korea • Hangul원산시 • Hanja元山市 • McCune-ReischauerWŏnsan-si • RomanisasiWonsan-siWonsanNegara Korea UtaraProvinsiKangwŏnRegionKwandongPendirianc. 1800Divisi40 dong, 15 riLuas • Total269 km2 (104 sq mi)Populasi (2000 (perk.)) • Total331,000 • DialekSeoul Wŏnsan adalah kota pelabuhan dan basis militer di Korea Utara bagian tenggara....

 

الدوري القبرصي لكرة القدم 2011-2012

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) الدوري القبرصي لكرة القدم 2011-2012 تفاصيل الموسم الدوري القبرصي الدرجة الأولى  النسخة 73  البلد قبرص ...

Alexandre Parodi

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Parodi et Quartus (homonymie). Pour les autres membres de la famille, voir famille Parodi. Ne pas confondre avec Alexandre Parodi, auteur dramatique ayant donné son nom à une rue du 10e arrondissement de Paris Alexandre Parodi Alexandre Parodi en 1945. Fonctions Vice-président du Conseil d'État 1960 – 1971(11 ans) Prédécesseur René Cassin Successeur Bernard Chenot Ambassadeur de France 1946 – 1960(14 ans) Ministre du Travail et de l...

 

India Timur

Peta lokasi India Timur. India Timur adalah wilayah di India yang terdiri dari negara bagian Benggala Barat, Bihar, Jharkhand, dan Orissa. Secara geografis, wilayah ini terbentang antara India Utara dan India Timur-Laut. Negara bagian Orissa dan Benggala Barat memiliki banyak kesamaan budaya dan bahasa dengan Bangladesh dan negara bagian Assam. Artikel bertopik geografi atau tempat India ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.lbs

 

Police collaboration in Vichy France

National Police National Revolution. Propaganda poster for the recruitment of the National Police as part of the Vichy regime's National Revolution, late 1941 - early 1942 Police collaboration in Vichy France was part of the Vichy government's external political objectives and emerged as an essential tool of collaboration in meeting its policy of collaboration with Nazi Germany during World War II.[1] Oath of state On 14 August 1941, a decree signed by Philippe Pétain required all c...

NA-169 Rahim Yar Khan-I

Constituency of the National Assembly of Pakistan NA-169 Rahim Yar Khan-IConstituencyfor the National Assembly of PakistanRegionLiaquatpur Tehsil (partly) including Liaquatpur city of Rahim Yar Khan DistrictElectorate527,946 [1]Current constituencyCreated fromNA-192 Rahim Yar Khan-I NA-169 Rahim Yar Khan-I (این اے-169، رحیم یار خان-۱) is a constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan.[2] Election 2002 Further information: Pakistani general election, 2002...

 

Îles Aléoutiennes

Ne doit pas être confondu avec Arc des Aléoutiennes. Îles AléoutiennesAleutian Islands / Алеутские острова (mul) Carte des îles Aléoutiennes. Géographie Pays États-Unis Russie Localisation Mer de Béring (océan Pacifique) Coordonnées 52° N, 175° O Superficie 17 666 km2 Nombre d'îles 302 Île(s) principale(s) Unimak, Unalaska, Umnak, Attu, Atka Point culminant Mont Shishaldin (2 869 m sur Unimak) Géologie Arc volcanique...

 

Emilio López

Questa voce sull'argomento cestisti messicani è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Emilio López Nazionalità  Messico Pallacanestro Carriera Nazionale 1948-1952 Messico Il simbolo → indica un trasferimento in prestito.   Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Emilio López Enriquez, detto Cácaro (San Luis Potosí, 23 agosto 1923[1] – ...[2]), è stato un ce...

Сейнер

Судно, захватившее косяк рыбы в кошельковый невод Се́йнер (англ. seiner, от (purse) seine — (кошельковый) невод) — рыболовное судно для лова рыбы снюрреводом или кошельковым неводом[1], который также может называться сейной (англ. seine). Сейнер — обычно однопалубное ...

 

Belgae

Historical Gallic-Germanic tribal confederation Map with the approximate location of pre-Roman Belgic Gaul shortly before Roman conquest, according to an interpretation of Caesar Map of northeastern Gaul around 70 AD The Belgae (/ˈbɛldʒiː, ˈbɛlɡaɪ/)[1] were a large confederation[2] of tribes living in northern Gaul, between the English Channel, the west bank of the Rhine, and the northern bank of the river Seine, from at least the third century BC. They were discussed ...

 

GJA5

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens Cx40 redirects here. For the joystick, see Atari CX40. GJA5IdentifiersAliasesGJA5, ATFB11, CX40, gap junction protein alpha 5External IDsOMIM: 121013 MGI: 95716 HomoloGene: 3856 GeneCards: GJA5 Gene location (Human)Chr.Chromosome 1 (human)[1]Band1q21.2Start147,756,199 bp[1]End147,773,362 bp[1]Gene location (Mouse)Chr.Chromosome 3 (mouse)[2]Band3 F2.1|3 42.04 cMStart96,812,009 bp[2]End96,984,732 bp[...

コルク

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。（このテンプレートの使い方）出典検索?: コルク – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL（2017年4月） コルクを打ち抜いて作った瓶の栓 コルク（木栓、�...

 

Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown

First non-stop transatlantic flight (June 1919) Alcock and Brown redirects here. For the aviators' individual articles, see John Alcock (RAF officer) and Arthur Whitten Brown. Alcock and Brown taking on mail Statue of Alcock and Brown at London Heathrow Airport (now located at Brooklands Museum) John Alcock and Arthur Brown were British aviators who, in 1919, made the first non-stop transatlantic flight.[1] They flew a modified First World War Vickers Vimy[2] bomber from St. J...

 

Мир искусства (журнал)

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Мир искусства (значения). Мир искусства Обложка журнала за 1901 год Специализация художественный журнал Периодичность 1 раз в две недели;1 раз в месяц (с 1901) Язык русский Адрес редакции Литейный пр., 45;наб. р. Фонтанки, 11 (с 1900) Гл�...

Mani pulite

Italian political corruption scandal in the 1990s Mani puliteFormer prime minister Bettino Craxi greeted by a salvo of coins as a sign of loathing by protesters in Rome on 30 April 1993CountryItalyStarted17 February 1992JudgesAntonio Di PietroGherardo ColomboPiercamillo Davigo Part of a series on the History of Italy Early Prehistoric Italy Nuragic civilization (18th–3rd c. BC) Etruscan civilization (12th–6th c. BC) Magna Graecia (8th–3rd c. BC) Ancient Rome Kingdom (753 BC&...

 

1936–37 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team

American college basketball season 1936–37 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketballBig Ten Conference championsConferenceBig Ten ConferenceRecord14–4 (10-2 Big Ten)Head coachDouglas Mills (1st season)Assistant coachWally Roettger (2nd season)CaptainRobert RiegelHome arenaHuff HallSeasons← 1935–361937–38 → 1936–37 Big Ten Conference men's basketball standings vte Conf Overall Team W   L   PCT W   L   PCT Illinois 10 – 2  ...

 

قائمة مواقع التراث العالمي في إفريقيا

خريطة مواقع التراث العالمي في الدول الإفريقية   دون مواقع  1-2 موقعين   3-4 مواقع  5-6 مواقع   7+ مواقع أدرجت منظمة الأمم المتحدة للتربية والعلم والثقافة (اليونسكو) منذ سنة 1978 وإلى يومنا هذا 129 مواقعا للتراث في أفريقيا.[1] ضمن قائمة مواقع الت...

Phonotephrite

Peridotite xenoliths (green) in phonotephrite from Peridot Mesa, Arizona Phonotephrite or phono-tephrite is a strongly alkaline volcanic rock with a composition between phonolite and tephrite.[1] This unusual igneous rock contains 7 to 12% alkali content and 45 to 53% silica content (see TAS diagram). It can be described as a mafic phonolite or a potassic tephrite. Phonotephrite lava flows and volcanic cones have been identified in Antarctica (e.g. Mount Erebus), Europe (e.g. Mount Ve...

 

A Light for Attracting Attention

2022 studio album by the SmileA Light for Attracting AttentionStudio album by the SmileReleased13 May 2022Recorded2020–2021Genre Art rock post-punk progressive rock electronica afrobeats Length53:18LabelXLProducerNigel GodrichThe Smile chronology A Light for Attracting Attention(2022) The Smile (Live at Montreux Jazz Festival, July 2022)(2022) Singles from A Light for Attracting Attention You Will Never Work in Television AgainReleased: 5 January 2022 The SmokeReleased: 27 January ...