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Police collaboration in Vichy France was part of the Vichy government's external political objectives and emerged as an essential tool of collaboration in meeting its policy of collaboration with Nazi Germany during World War II.^[1]

Oath of state

On 14 August 1941, a decree signed by Philippe Pétain required all civil servants to take an oath of loyalty to him. An official ceremony took place for the police on 20 January 1942, during which 3,000 delegates from the Paris Guard, the National Police and the Police Prefecture met in the great hall of the Palais de Chaillot, under the presidency of Pierre Pucheu, Minister of the Interior.^[2]^[3] After the Peacekeepers' Band played La Marseillaise, the oath was taken in these terms: "I swear loyalty to the Head of State in everything he commands in the interest of the service, public order and the good of the country". To which all the police officers present responded by raising their arms and saying: "I swear it".^[4]

Round-ups

French police carried out numerous round-ups (French: rafles) of Jews during World War II, including the Green ticket roundup in May 1941,^[5]^[6] the round-up in the 11th arrondissement of Paris in August 1941 in which 4,200 persons were arrested and interned at Drancy,^[7] the massive Vélodrome d'Hiver round-up in 1942 in which over 13,000 Jews were arrested,^[7]^[8]^[9] the rafle of Clermont-Ferrand (25 November 1943),^[10] and the roundup in the Old Port of Marseille in 1943.^[11] Almost all of those arrested were deported to Auschwitz or other death camps.

References

Citations

^ Kitson 2002, p. 375.
^ Rossignol 1991, pp. VIII-351.
^ Beaupré 2012, p. 1143.
^ Quotation by Maurice Rajsfus Opération Étoile Jaune, Le Cherche midi, Archives of the Paris police headquarters, 2002, BA 1784 series{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Diamant 1977, p. 22, as quoted in Zuccotti 1999, pp. 146–147
^ Diamant 1977, as quoted in Rosenberg 2018, p. 297
^ ^a ^b Ramsey, Winston (2021) [2016]. The Nazi Death Camps: Then And Now. After the Battle. ISBN 9781870067898. OCLC 1371288157.
^ "Pourquoi le rafle n'a pas ateint son objectif" (PDF). AIDH.org. p. 52. Archived from the original on 3 July 2008. Retrieved 31 December 2009.
^ "The Vel' d'Hiv Roundup". The Holocaust in France. Yad Vashem. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
^ Wikimedia Foundation, Rafle de Clermont-Ferrand (25 novembre 1943) (in French), accessed 6 February 2023
^ Maurice Rajsfus, La Police de Vichy. Les Forces de l'ordre françaises au service de la Gestapo, 1940/1944, Le Cherche-midi éditeur [fr], 1995. Chapter XIV, La Bataille de Marseille, pp. 209–217. (in French)

Bibliography

Beaupré, Nicolas, ... (2012). Les grandes guerres : 1914-1945. Paris: Belin. ISBN 978-2-7011-3387-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Diamant, David (1977). Le billet vert: la vie et la résistance à Pithiviers et Beaune-la-Rolande, camps pour juifs, camps pour chrétiens, camps pour patriotes [The green ticket: life and resistance in Pithiviers and Beaune-la-Rolande, camps for Jews, camps for Christians, camps for patriots] (in French). Éditions Renouveau. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
Kitson, Simon (2002). "From Enthusiasm to Disenchantment: The French Police and the Vichy Regime, 1940-1944". Contemporary European History. 11 (3): 371–390. doi:10.1017/S0960777302003028. ISSN 0960-7773. JSTOR 20081843. S2CID 145222363.
Rosenberg, Pnina (10 September 2018). "Yiddish Theatre in the camps of the Occupied Zone". In Dalinger, Brigitte; Zangl, Veronika (eds.). Theater unter NS-Herrschaft: Theatre under Pressure [Theatre under NS rule: Theatre under Pressure]. Theater - Film - Medien (Print) #2. Göttingen: V&R Unipress. p. 297. ISBN 978-3-8470-0642-8. OCLC 1135506612. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
Rossignol, Dominique (1991). Histoire de la propagande en France de 1940 à 1944 : l'utopie Pétain (1re éd ed.). Paris: Presses universitaires de France. ISBN 2-13-043474-6.
Zuccotti, Susan (1999), "5 Roundups and Deportations", The Holocaust, the French, and the Jews, Lincoln, Nebraska: U of Nebraska Press, p. 81, ISBN 0-8032-9914-1, retrieved 25 May 2020