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Pierre-Étienne Flandin
Pierre-Étienne Flandin
	Flandin in 1935
Deputy Prime Minister of France
	In office; 13 December 1940 – 9 February 1941
Chief of the State	Philippe Pétain
Preceded by	Pierre Laval
Succeeded by	François Darlan
Prime Minister of France
	In office; 8 November 1934 – 1 June 1935
President	Albert Lebrun
Preceded by	Gaston Doumergue
Succeeded by	Fernand Bouisson
Personal details
Born	April 12, 1889; Paris, France
Died	13 June 1958 (aged 69); Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat, France
Political party	Democratic Republican Alliance (1914–1940)

Pierre-Étienne Flandin (French: [pjɛʁ etjɛn flɑ̃dɛ̃]; 12 April 1889 – 13 June 1958) was a French conservative politician of the Third Republic, leader of the Democratic Republican Alliance (ARD), and Prime Minister of France from 1934 to 1935.^[1]^[2]

A military pilot during World War I,^[3] Flandin held a number of cabinet posts during the interwar period. He was Minister of Commerce, under the premiership of Frédéric François-Marsal, for just five days in 1924. He was Minister of Commerce and Industry in the premierships of André Tardieu in 1931 and 1932. Between those posts, he served under Pierre Laval as Finance Minister. In 1934 (6 February to 8 November), he was Minister of Public Works in the second cabinet of Gaston Doumergue. He became Prime Minister in November 1934, but his premiership lasted only until June 1935. However, a number of important pacts were negotiated during his term: the Franco-Italian Agreement of 1935, the Stresa Front and the Franco-Soviet Pact.^[1] Flandin was, at 45, the youngest prime minister in French history.^[3]

Flandin was the French Foreign Minister when Adolf Hitler ordered the Wehrmacht to reoccupy the Rhineland on 7 March 1936.^[4] He attempted to organize a strong response but was unable to without British support.^[5] Supporting appeasement during the Munich crisis hurt his career.^[3] On 13 December 1940, Vichy Chief of State Philippe Pétain appointed Flandin Foreign Minister and Deputy Prime Minister, replacing Pierre Laval. He occupied that position for only two months.^[6]

He was ousted by François Darlan in January 1941.^[7]

After the Liberation of France, Flandin was put on trial for treason but the high court acquitted him. He was instead sentenced to 5 years in prison for “national unworthiness”, however his sentence was remitted due to his help of the resistance during the war. ^[8]

A street in Avallon was named in his honour.^[9] In May 2017, it was renamed in honour of the murdered British MP, Jo Cox.^[10]

Flandin's ministry, 8 November 1934 – 1 June 1935

Pierre Étienne Flandin – President of the Council
Georges Pernot – Vice President of the Council and Minister of Justice
Pierre Laval – Minister of Foreign Affairs
Louis Maurin – Minister of War
Marcel Régnier – Minister of the Interior
Louis Germain-Martin – Minister of Finance
Paul Jacquier – Minister of Labour
François Piétri – Minister of Military Marine
William Bertrand – Minister of Merchant Marine
Victor Denain – Minister of Air
André Mallarmé – Minister of National Education
Georges Rivollet – Minister of Pensions
Émile Casset – Minister of Agriculture
Louis Rollin – Minister of Colonies
Henri Roy – Minister of Public Works
Henri Queuille – Minister of Public Health and Physical Education
Georges Mandel – Minister of Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones
Paul Marchandeau – Minister of Commerce and Industry
Édouard Herriot – Minister of State
Louis Marin – Minister of State

References

^ ^a ^b "M. Pierre Flandin – A Former Premier of France". The Times. 14 June 1958.
^ "Alliance républicaine démocratique (ARD)". Quid.fr. 2008. Archived from the original on 21 November 2007. Retrieved 13 May 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c Gunther, John (1940). Inside Europe. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 196.
^ "Berlin Talks on Reconciliation – Mr Flandin's Statement". The Times. 7 March 1936.
^ The Last Lion, vol 2, pp 180-183. William Manchester, pub 1988
^ His reputation has suffered considerably partially for the very negative comments in the 1944 book by Pertinax, The Gravediggers of France (Chapter 5) in which the author blames him for strengthening appeasement, which ultimately led to Hitler's invasion. "Histoire des Chefs de Gouvernement". République Française – Portail du Gouvernement. 2009. Archived from the original on 13 April 2005. Retrieved 15 May 2009.
^ Dank, Milton (1974). The French against the French. London: Cassell. pp. 365 p. 338. ISBN 0-304-30037-3.
^ Britannica, Pierre-Étienne Flandin article.
^ 47°29′20″N 3°53′52″E / 47.4889607°N 3.8977763°E / 47.4889607; 3.8977763 (rue Jo Cox)
^ Gacon, Armelle. "Inauguration - L'ex-rue Pierre-Etienne Flandin porte désormais le nom de Jo Cox, à la Morlande". L'Yonne republicaine. Retrieved 27 November 2017.

External links

Newspaper clippings about Pierre-Étienne Flandin in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW

Political offices
Preceded by Louis Loucheur	Minister of Commerce, Industry, Posts, and Telegraphs 1924	Succeeded by Eugène Raynaldy
Preceded by Georges Bonnefous	Minister of Commerce and Industry 1929–1930	Succeeded by Georges Bonnet
Preceded by Georges Bonnet	Minister of Commerce and Industry 1930	Succeeded by Louis Loucheur
Preceded by Louis Germain-Martin	Minister of Finance 1931–1932	Succeeded by Henry Chéron
Preceded by Joseph Paganon	Minister of Public Works 1934	Succeeded by Henry Roy
Preceded by Gaston Doumergue	President of the Council 1934–1935	Succeeded by Fernand Bouisson
Preceded by Philippe Pétain	Minister without Portfolio 1935–1936	Succeeded by –
Preceded by Pierre Laval	Minister of Foreign Affairs 1936	Succeeded by Yvon Delbos
Preceded by Pierre Laval	Minister of Foreign Affairs 1940–1941	Succeeded by François Darlan