Toei Ōedo Line

Toei Ōedo Line
A Toei 12-600 series train on the Ōedo Line
Overview
Other name(s)E
Native name大江戸線
Owner Toei Subway
Line number12
LocaleTokyo
Termini
Stations38
Color on map  Ruby (#b6007a)
  Magenta (#8B008B)
Service
TypeRapid transit
SystemTokyo subway
Operator(s)Toei Subway
Depot(s)Kiba
Rolling stockToei 12-000 and Toei 12-600 series
Daily ridership933,621 (2016)[1]
History
Opened10 December 1991; 33 years ago (1991-12-10) (First section)
12 December 2000; 24 years ago (2000-12-12) (Entire line)
Technical
Line length40.7 km (25.3 mi)
Number of tracksDouble-track
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge with linear induction motor between
Minimum radius100 m (330 ft)
Electrification1,500 V DC (overhead line)
Operating speed70 km/h (43 mph)
SignallingCab signalling, Closed block
Train protection systemNew CS-ATC, ATO
Maximum incline5.0%
Route map

Legend
km
see bottom of diagram
E28
0.0
 Tochomae
E01
0.8
 Shinjuku-nishiguchi
Seibu Shinjuku Line
E02
2.2
 Higashi-shinjuku
F Fukutoshin Line
E03
3.2
 Wakamatsu-kawada
E04
3.8
 Ushigome-yanagicho
E05
4.8
 Ushigome-kagurazaka
N Namboku Line │T Tozai Line
Y Yūrakuchō Line
E06
5.8
 Iidabashi
East Japan Railway Company JC
Chūō-Sōbu Line
Y Yūrakuchō Line │N Namboku Line
T Tozai Line │M Marunouchi Line
 N
Namboku Line (at Kōrakuen)
E07
6.8
 Kasuga
I Mita Line
E08
7.6
 Hongo-sanchome
M
Marunouchi Line
 G
Ginza Line (at Ueno-hirokoji)
E09
8.7
 Ueno-okachimachi
JYJK
Keihin-Tōhoku Line
Yamanote Line
 H
Hibiya Line (at Naka-okachimachi)
Tsukuba Express
E10
9.5
 Shin-okachimachi
Tsukuba Express
E11
10.5
 Kuramae
A
Asakusa Line
E12
11.7
 Ryogoku
East Japan Railway Company JB
Chūō-Sōbu Line
E13
12.7
 Morishita
S Toei Shinjuku Line
E14
13.3
 Kiyosumi-shirakawa
Z
Hanzōmon Line
 Kiba depot
E15
14.5
 Monzen-nakacho
T
Tozai Line
 Y
Yūrakuchō Line
E16
15.9
 Tsukishima
E17
16.7
 Kachidoki
E18
18.2
 Tsukijishijo
E19
19.1
 Shiodome
U
Yurikamome Line
 East Japan Railway Company JYJK
Yamanote Line
Keihin-Tōhoku Line
 (at Hamamatsuchō)
Tokyo Monorail (at Hamamatsuchō)
E20
20.0
 Daimon
A Asakusa Line
 I
Mita Line
E21
21.3
 Akabanebashi
N
Namboku Line
E22
22.1
 Azabu-juban
H
Hibiya Line
E23
23.2
 Roppongi
C
Chiyoda Line
E24
24.5
 Aoyama-itchōme
Z
Hanzōmon Line
 G
Ginza Line
E25
25.7
 Kokuritsu-Kyōgijō
East Japan Railway Company JB
Chūō-Sōbu Line (at Sendagaya)
 JYJSJA
Saikyō Line
Yamanote Line/Shōnan-Shinjuku Line
E26
27.2
 Yoyogi
OH
Odakyu Odawara Line
E27
27.8
 Shinjuku
KO Keio Line
 S
Shinjuku Line, thoroughfare to Keio New Line
 M
Marunouchi Line
 JY
Yamanote Line
 JCJA
Chūō-Sōbu Line
Saikyo Line
Seibu Shinjuku Line
E28
28.6
 Tochōmae
E29
29.4
 Nishi-shinjuku-gochōme
Mb
Marunouchi Line Branch Line
 M
Marunouchi Line Main Line
E30
30.6
 Nakano-sakaue
JB
Chūō-Sōbu Line
E31
31.6
 Higashi-nakano
T
Tozai Line
E32
32.4
 Nakai
Seibu Shinjuku Line
E33
33.7
 Ochiai-minami-nagasaki
E34
35.3
 Shin-egota
E35
36.9
 Nerima
Seibu Ikebukuro Line
Seibu Yūrakuchō Line
E36
37.8
 Toshimaen
E37
39.3
 Nerima-kasugacho
E38
40.7
 Hikarigaoka

The Toei Ōedo Line (都営地下鉄大江戸線, Toei Chikatetsu Ōedo-sen) is a subway line in Tokyo, Japan, operated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation (Toei). It commenced full operations on December 12, 2000; using the Japanese calendar this reads "12/12/12" as the year 2000 equals Heisei 12. The line is completely underground, making it the second-longest railway tunnel in Japan after the Seikan Tunnel.

On maps and signboards, the line is shown in magenta. Stations carry the letter "E" followed by a two-digit number inside a more pinkish ruby circle.

Overview

The Ōedo Line is the first Tokyo subway line to use linear motor propulsion (and the second in Japan after the Osaka Metro Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line), which allows it to use smaller cars and smaller tunnels (a benefit similarly achieved by the Advanced Rapid Transit system manufactured by Bombardier). This technology, though, is incompatible with other railway and subway lines, which can only operate with vehicles utilizing conventional rotary motors, thus preventing Ōedo Line trains from operating through services onto them. Although vehicles with rotary motor propulsion can technically operate on the Ōedo Line, its smaller tunnels and loading gauge prevents such occurrences, hence making the Ōedo Line the first self-enclosed subway line in Tokyo in over 40 years, and the first and to date only such line operated by Toei, although there is a track connection to the Asakusa Line that can only be used by Class E5000 locomotives.

The line is deep (as low as 48 metres (157 ft) below ground at points) through central Tokyo, including three underground crossings of the Sumida River. Originally budgeted at ¥682.6 billion and 6 years, the construction ended up taking nearly 10 years and estimates of the final cost of construction range from the official ¥988.6 billion to over ¥1,400 billion yen, making it the most expensive subway line ever built at that point.[2] However, Singapore's Downtown MRT line stages 1–3 completed in 2017 are 2.84 times as expensive, at 33,669.5 compared to 11,571.8 US dollars per kilometer after adjusting for inflation and international price differences. In per-kilometer terms New York's Second Avenue Subway Phase 1, also completed in 2017, is over 5.5 times costlier at 2,308.3 compared to 416.3 price-adjusted US dollars per kilometer.[3]

Ridership projections originally estimated 1 million users daily, a figure scaled down to 820,000 before opening. At the end of 2006, the line was averaging 720,000 passengers/day.[4] However, its ridership has increased by about five percent each year since its opening, following new commercial and residential development around major stations such as Roppongi and Shiodome. According to the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation, as of June 2009 the Ōedo Line was the fourth most crowded subway line in Tokyo, at its peak running at 178%[a] capacity between Monzen-Nakachō and Tsukishima stations.[5]

There are plans to extend the Ōedo Line westward from its current western terminus at Hikarigaoka Station through to a new terminus in Ōizumigakuenchō, 1.5 km (0.93 mi) north of Ōizumi-gakuen Station (on the Seibu Ikebukuro Line) then later towards Higashi-Tokorozawa Station (on the Musashino Line). Construction of the first segment to Ōizumigakuenchō is tentatively scheduled for before 2015, and will include the construction of three new stations, temporarily named Doshida station, Ōizumichō station and Ōizumigakuenchō station.[6] Following the awarding of the 2020 Summer Olympics to Tokyo, there has been speculation regarding the addition of another 2.7 km (1.7 mi) to the proposed extension in order to extend the line to Niiza where the shooting range for the Olympics is to be located. A decision regarding this matter is expected in 2015.[7][needs update]

Services

The Ōedo Line runs in a loop around central Tokyo before branching out towards Nerima in the western suburbs, meaning the line is shaped like a figure 6 lying on its side. It is not a true loop line: trains from the western Hikarigaoka terminus run anticlockwise around the loop and terminate at the intermediate Tochōmae Station facing towards Hikarigaoka, and vice versa. The arrangement is very much like the London Underground Circle Line since 2009, but does not share any track segments with other lines.

The full 40.7 km (25.3 mi) trip from Tochōmae around the loop and onward to Hikarigaoka takes 81 minutes. Trains operate once every three to five minutes during rush hours, and once every six minutes during off-peak weekday hours, weekends and holidays.[8]

Noise complaints

The Ōedo line is one of the noisiest train lines in the world, with decibel levels reaching 90 decibels frequently along the line.[9] However, during the COVID-19 outbreak, noise levels have reached to over 105 decibels. The train line's President states that infection is a more significant concern [than hearing damage], and therefore train's windows are kept open to increase ventilation, which caused a number of complaints. As of April 2023, windows continue to be kept open to reduce the risks of Covid-19 transmission.[10] The cause of the Ōedo line's high noise levels lies in construction constraints such as preexisting infrastructure and the need to build deep tunnels, resulting in low-radius curves and small tunnels.[11]

Station list

All stations are located in Tokyo.

No. Station Japanese Distance (km) Transfers Location
Between
stations 		From E-28
E28 Tochomae 都庁前 - 0.0 E Toei Oedo Line (for Hikarigaoka and Roppongi) Shinjuku
E01 Shinjuku-nishiguchi 新宿西口 0.8 0.8
E02 Higashi-shinjuku 東新宿 1.4 2.2 F Fukutoshin Line (F-12)
E03 Wakamatsu-kawada 若松河田 1.0 3.2  
E04 Ushigome-yanagicho 牛込柳町 0.6 3.8  
E05 Ushigome-kagurazaka 牛込神楽坂 1.0 4.8  
E06 Iidabashi 飯田橋 1.0 5.8
Bunkyō
E07 Kasuga 春日 1.0 6.8
  • I Mita Line (I-12)
  • M Marunouchi Line (Korakuen: M-22)
  • N Namboku Line (Korakuen: N-11)
E08 Hongō-sanchōme 本郷三丁目 0.8 7.6 M Marunouchi Line (M-21)
E09 Ueno-okachimachi 上野御徒町 1.1 8.7
Taitō
E10 Shin-okachimachi 新御徒町 0.8 9.5 Tsukuba Express (02)
E11 Kuramae 蔵前 1.0 10.5 A Asakusa Line (A-17)
E12 Ryōgoku 両国 1.2 11.7 JB Chūō-Sōbu Line Sumida
E13 Morishita 森下 1.0 12.7 S Shinjuku Line (S-11) Kōtō
E14 Kiyosumi-shirakawa 清澄白河 0.6 13.3 Z Hanzōmon Line (Z-11)
E15 Monzen-nakacho 門前仲町 1.2 14.5 T Tozai Line (T-12)
E16 Tsukishima 月島 1.4 15.9 Y Yurakucho Line (Y-21) Chūō
E17 Kachidoki 勝どき 0.8 16.7  
E18 Tsukijishijō 築地市場 1.5 18.2  
E19 Shiodome 汐留 0.9 19.1 Yurikamome (U-02) Minato
E20 Daimon 大門 0.9 20.0
E21 Akabanebashi 赤羽橋 1.3 21.3  
E22 Azabu-juban 麻布十番 0.8 22.1 N Namboku Line (N-04)
E23 Roppongi 六本木 1.1 23.2 H Hibiya Line (H-04)
E24 Aoyama-itchōme 青山一丁目 1.3 24.5
  • G Ginza Line (G-04)
  • Z Hanzomon Line (Z-03)
E25 Kokuritsu-Kyōgijō 国立競技場 1.2 25.7 JB Chūō-Sōbu Line (Sendagaya) Shinjuku
E26 Yoyogi 代々木 1.5 27.2
  • JB Chūō-Sōbu Line
  • JY Yamanote Line
 Shibuya
E27 Shinjuku 新宿 0.6 27.8
  • S Toei Shinjuku Line (S-01)
  • JC Chūō Line (Rapid)
  • JB Chūō-Sōbu Line
  • JY Yamanote Line
  • JA Saikyō Line
  • JS Shōnan-Shinjuku Line
  • OH Odakyu Odawara Line
  • KO Keio Line
  • KO Keio New Line
E28 Tochomae 都庁前 0.8 28.6 E Toei Ōedo Line (for Iidabashi) Shinjuku
E29 Nishi-shinjuku-gochome 西新宿五丁目 0.8 29.4  
E30 Nakano-sakaue 中野坂上 1.2 30.6 MMb Marunouchi Line (M-06) Nakano
E31 Higashi-Nakano 東中野 1.0 31.6 JB Chūō-Sōbu Line
E32 Nakai 中井 0.8 32.4 Seibu Shinjuku Line Shinjuku
E33 Ochiai-minami-nagasaki 落合南長崎 1.3 33.7  
E34 Shin-egota 新江古田 1.6 35.3   Nakano
E35 Nerima 練馬 1.6 36.9
Nerima
E36 Toshimaen 豊島園 0.9 37.8 Seibu Toshima Line
E37 Nerima-kasugachō 練馬春日町 1.5 39.3  
E38 Hikarigaoka 光が丘 1.4 40.7  

Rolling stock

An Oedo Line 12-000 series trainset

Oedo Line trains are housed and maintained at the Kiba depot, located underneath Kiba Park to the southeast of Kiyosumi-Shirakawa Station. Prior to the completion of the Oedo Line loop in 2000, servicing was performed at a depot near Hikarigaoka Station.

Major overhaul work for Oedo Line trains is performed at the Magome depot, located south of Nishi-Magome Station on the Toei Asakusa Line. Oedo Line trains access this facility using a connecting tunnel to the Asakusa Line near Shiodome Station. Because of differences in infrastructure and technology used preventing trains on either line from accessing the other, a special Toei Class E5000 locomotive powers these ferry runs during overnight hours when the subway is closed.

History

The Ōedo Line was first proposed in 1968 as an incomplete loop line from Shinjuku around northern and eastern Tokyo to Azabu. This plan was amended in 1972 to complete the loop back to Shinjuku, extend it to Hikarigaoka and add a spur line to Mejiro from the northern side. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government undertook construction of the line, which was initially called Toei Line 12 (都営地下鉄12号線, Toei Chikatetsu Jūnigō-sen).

The first segment from Hikarigaoka to Nerima began operations on 10 December 1991. The line was extended from Nerima to Shinjuku on 19 December 1997, and later from Shinjuku to Kokuritsu-Kyōgijō on 20 April 2000.

With this extension, Shintaro Ishihara, the governor of Tokyo, named the line "Toei Oedo Line", where Oedo literally means "Great Edo", a reference to Tokyo's former name. As was the case with earlier lines, the public was initially polled to select a name; however, Ishihara rejected the chosen name, Tokyo Loop Line (東京環状線, Tōkyō Kanjō-sen), on the grounds that it would not initially form a complete loop, and that calling it such would cause confusion with the Yamanote Line and the Osaka Loop Line.

The full line began operation on 12 December 2000. An additional station (Shiodome Station) was opened on 2 November 2002 to connect to the Yurikamome guideway transit line. Following the addition of Shiodome, the automated announcements in the trains were changed to advertise businesses and facilities near each station, a first in Tokyo (although this was already the practice on the municipal subways of Osaka and Nagoya).

Future plans

Starting on 18 January 2023, car 4 on all services on the Oedo line were designated as a women-only car in a bid by the railway operator to reduce sexual assaults onboard trains.[12] The restriction is in effect during the morning peak hour.

Notes

a. ^ Crowding levels defined by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism:[13][14]

100% — Commuters have enough personal space and are able to take a seat or stand while holding onto the straps or hand rails.
150% — Commuters have enough personal space to read a newspaper.
180% — Commuters must fold newspapers to read.
200% — Commuters are pressed against each other in each compartment but can still read small magazines.
250% — Commuters are pressed against each other, unable to move.

See also

References

  1. ^ 東京都交通局ホーム - 経営情報 - 交通局の概要 - 都営地下鉄 [Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation Home - Management Information - Overview of the Department of Transportation - Toei Subway] (in Japanese). 東京都交通局 [Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation]. April 1, 2015. Retrieved 2016-01-17.
  2. ^ 都営12号線（大江戸線）環状部事業の評価（総括表） Archived 2006-05-17 at the Wayback Machine, Toei
  3. ^ Transit Costs Project. "Data". Transit Costs Project. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  4. ^ "東京都交通局,都営地下鉄,各駅乗降人員一覧". 東京都交通局.
  5. ^ Metropolis, "Commute", June 12, 2009, p. 07. Archived October 9, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Capacity is defined as all passengers having a seat or a strap or door railing to hold on to.
  6. ^ "Moving Towards the Early Stages of Ōedo line extension" (PDF). www.kotsu.metro.tokyo.jp. March 2012. Retrieved 2013-08-02.
  7. ^ 地下鉄１２号・都営大江戸線:延伸、五輪特需に期待 射撃会場予定地、スムーズに移動 ／埼玉 [Subway line 12 extension, to serve the expected exceptional demands for the Olympics. To assist the movement of people to the proposed shooting range/Saitama] (in Japanese). Mainichi Shimbun. September 11, 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-22.
  8. ^ "平成２１年度東京都高速電車事業会計決算審査意見書" (PDF).
  9. ^ "Japan masters the art of noise". 3 December 2002.
  10. ^ "コロナ禍で地下鉄大江戸線の車内が「騒々しい工場内」レベルの音になる理由（Aera）".
  11. ^ "The Sound of the Most Annoying Metro in Tokyo". 8 June 2022.
  12. ^ "都営地下鉄大江戸線に女性専用車…平日朝ラッシュ時の4号車 2023年1月18日から" [Women-only car on the Toei Oedo Line: 4th car during the morning rush hour on weekdays From 18 January 2023]. Response Automotive Media (in Japanese). 27 November 2022. Archived from the original on 26 November 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  13. ^ "混雑率の推移".
  14. ^ Kikuchi, Daisuke (6 July 2017). "Tokyo plans new effort to ease commuter hell on rush-hour trains". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017.
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2021 Burnley Borough Council election

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Skjern Å, the largest river in Denmark by water volume Denmark has approximately 900 streams with outlet to the sea. Almost half are less than 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) long. 52 of them are over 25 kilometres (16 mi) long and 17 are over 50 kilometres (31 mi) long.[1] The longest river is Gudenå with 156.3 kilometres (97.1 mi) while Skjern Å has the largest discharge at the mouth with on average 30 cubic metres per second (1,100 cu ft/s).[2] The r...

 

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Yugoslav poet, novelist, essayist and translator This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notabi...