[citation needed] Shia Islam is also referred to in English as Shiism (or Shīʿism) (/ˈʃiːɪz(ə)m/), and Shia Muslims as Shiites (or Shīʿites) (/ˈʃiːaɪt/)...

Twelver Shi'ism (Arabic: اِثْنَا عَشَرِيَّة, romanized: Ithnā ʿAshariyya; Persian: دوازده‌ امامی, romanized: Davāzdah-emāmī) is the largest branch of...

Mavani, Hamid (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780415624404. Armajani, Jon...

Red Shi'sm vs. Black Shi'ism is an essay written by the Iranian author Ali Shariati which discusses his ideas on the perceived dual aspects of the Shi'a...

(Arabic: الزَّيْدِيَّة, romanized: az-Zaydiyya), also referred to as Fiver Shi'ism, or al-Firqah al-Nājiya (Arabic: الفرقة الناجية, English: The Saved Sect)...

Michigan Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-253-34549-3. Druze – An offshoot of Shi'ism; its members are not considered Muslims by orthodox Muslims. Yazbeck Haddad...

Journal of Shi'a Islamic Studies, vol. 5, no. 4 (2012) Conversion to Twelver Shi‘ism among American and Canadian women, in Studies in Religion (forthcoming)by...

throughout the second millennium until the formation of modern nation-states. Shi'ism also won converts among the local population. Shia Islam has a long history...

in Le guide divin dans le Shiisme original (The Divine Guide in Early Shi‘ism), and continued to be developed in his later work. This view is generally...

earthly representatives of the Muhammad al-Mahdi—the Twelfth Imam in Twelver Shi‘ism who is expected to return and bring about a just and peaceful world—and...

which is the bane of humankind, they placed a group under suspicion of Shi‘ism (rafḍ), thus destroying the very ramparts of the castle of their existence...

COURT LIFE UNDER THE NAWABS OF AWADH (1754–1797) Roots of North Indian Shi‘ism in Iran and Iraq:Religion and State in Awadh, 1722–1859, by J. R. I. Cole...

the Islamic Republic and how it differed from traditional non-Islamist Shi'ism, is complicated by the fact that it evolved through several stages, especially...

branch of Shi'ism maintains its own clerical structure. The most well-known Shia clergy belongs to the largest branch of Shia Islam, Twelver Shi'ism. As in...

with the remaining 10 to 15% being Shia Muslim, practicing either Twelver Shi'ism or Sulaymani Ismailism. Shia Muslims in Saudi Arabia are largely found...

Religion in Botswana (2022 census) Christianity (86.5%) No religion (7.10%) Traditional faiths (4.60%) Other religions (1.80%) Christianity is the largest...

Demographic distribution of the main three Islamic branches: Sunnīsm (85.0%) Shīʿīsm (15.0%) Ibadism and others (0.50%) Sunnī Islam, also known as Ahl as-Sunnah...

of Ayatollah and was regarded by followers as a marjaʿ within Twelver Shiʿism. In Mashhad, Khamenei frequented secular intellectuals as well the Movement...

segregation Compulsory veiling Sharia Sovereigntism Theocracy Twelver Shi'ism Vilayat Faqih Ummah Pragmatist groups Bazaari interests Bureaucracy Market...

commonly found in the ṭarīqas (Sufi orders) of Sunni Islam and in Irfani Shi'ism. It's origins in the Sunnah are generally attributed to the asceticism...

through the lens of Shi‘ism—which takes a realistic approach to this religion. That is why I have made efforts to introduce Shi‘ism to the Western world...

The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), and by its Arabic acronym...

Mahdi in Twelver Shiʿism". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. XIV/2. pp. 136–143. Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali (1998). "Eschatology iii. Imami Shiʿism". Encyclopaedia...

include the glorification (fadail) of future caliphs and imams (imams in Shi'ism also hold political identities), the condemnation of rivals,{{efn| “There...

Sean (2011). The Caliph and the Heretic: Ibn Sabaʾ and the Origins of Shīʿism. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-21606-8. Augustine (2019). Thomas Williams (ed.)...

well as one of the gunpowder empires. Shah Ismail I established Twelver Shi'ism as the official religion of the empire, marking one of the most important...

to also include the traditions and practices of their imams. In Twelver Shi'ism, the hadith of the thaqalayn establishes a parallel between the Quran and...

Atharism Salafism Wahhabism Modernist Salafism Shi'ism Alawism Ali-Illahism Ismailism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Sufism Khawarij Ibadism Alevism Ishikism...

Praeger. pp. 111–124. ISBN 978-0275987343. Aghaie, K.S. (2013). "'Āshūrā' (Shī'ism)". In Fleet, K.; Krämer, G.; Matringe, D.; Nawas, J.; Stewart, D.J. (eds...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

(35.0%) Arabic (2.00%) Other (3.00%) Islam in Djibouti (Pew) Sunnism (87.0%) Non-denominational Muslims (8.00%) Other Muslim (3.00%) Shi'ism (2.00%)...

Atharism Salafism Wahhabism Modernist Salafism Shi'ism Alawism Ali-Illahism Ismailism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Sufism Khawarij Ibadism Alevism Ishikism...

be chosen by divine decree through Muhammad. It is believed in Twelver Shi’ism that the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his household are infallible, possessing...

In Khosronejad, Pedram (ed.). The Art and Material Culture of Iranian Shi'ism: Iconography and Religious Devotion in Shi'i Islam. I. B. Tauris. pp. 46–47...

Shiʿism, also titled Read and Judge, is a book written by Iranian intellectual Ahmad Kasravi as a critique of Shia Islam. Shiʿism is one of Kasravi's...

(2012). “The Africanization of Ashura in Senegal,” in Lloyd Ridgeon, ed., Shi‘ism and Identity: Religion, Politics and Change in the Global Muslim Community...

the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In Twelver Shi'ism there are 14 infallibles, 12 of which are imams, the final being Imam Mahdi...

Islam is the state religion of Saudi Arabia. As the "home of Islam" where the prophet of Islam lived and carried out his mission, the kingdom attracts...

orientation amongst the Sunnī Muslims of Persia before the Safavid conversion to Shīʿīsm in the 16th century, and the Ahl al-Ra'y (people of reason). It enjoyed...

of dissimulation by silence or omission. This practice is emphasized in Shi'ism whereby adherents are permitted to conceal their beliefs when under threat...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

have fared relative poorly in much of the Arab world, and the topic of Shi‘ism and Shia groups is one of the most sensitive issues for the Sunni elite...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Leblouh (Arabic: البلوح, romanized: lə-blūḥ) is the practice of force-feeding girls from as young as five to nineteen, in countries where obesity was traditionally...

Amir al-Mu'minin (Arabic: أَمِيرُ المُؤمِنِين, romanized: ʾAmīr al-Muʾminīn), or Commander of the Believers (also translated as Commander of the Faithful)...

Muley Hacén in Spanish Hasan al-Askari (846–874), eleventh Imam of Twelver Shi‘ism al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī (642–728), early Islamic scholar Hasan Çelebi (1937–2025)...

to Shi'ism prior to 680. The death of the third imam and his followers marked the 'big bang' that created the rapidly expanding cosmos of Shi'ism and...

exception to this pan-Islamic policy is Shi'ism. Al-Qaeda seems implacably opposed to it, as it holds Shi'ism to be heresy. In Iraq it has openly declared...

Islam is the state religion of Saudi Arabia. The kingdom is called the "home of Islam" as it was the birthplace of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, who united...

Seyyed Hossein; Dabashi, Hamid (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0887068447. Golkar...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

adherents worldwide. The Druze follow a millenarian offshoot of Isma'ili Shi'ism. Followers emphasize Abrahamic monotheism but consider the religion as...

emerged during the period after Muhammad's death, and that Sufism and Shi'ism developed out of Sunni Islam. This perception is partly due to the reliance...

occultation Reappearance of Muhammad al-Mahdi, the concept of return in Twelver Shi'ism Signs of the appearance of the Mahdi (in broader Islam) Sobhani 2001, p...

An introduction to Shiʻi Islam: the history and doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism. Yale University Press. pp. 173–4. ISBN 978-0-300-03531-5. Archived from...

Arab Emirates, Yemen, and northern part of Nigeria. One school of Islam, Shi'ism, does or has practiced self-flagellation (tatbir) as a voluntary religious...

segregation Compulsory veiling Sharia Sovereigntism Theocracy Twelver Shi'ism Vilayat Faqih Ummah Pragmatist groups Bazaari interests Bureaucracy Market...

opinion overturned a 1984 decision from the same committee that deemed Shi‘ism acceptable in Malaysia. It caused many Shias to practice their religion...

909 and 1171 CE. Descended from Fatima and Ali, and adhering to Isma'ili Shi'ism, they held the Isma'ili imamate, and were regarded as the rightful leaders...

Safavids transformed the religious landscape of Iran by imposing Twelver Shi'ism on the populace. Since most of the population embraced Sunni Islam, and...

Shi'ism from the Safawid period onwards. Of course, it cannot be denied that Iran's environment was more favourable to the flourishing of the Shi'ism...

Shia Islam in Canada is a part of the global Shia. Shia Muslims have been a featuring segment of the Canadian Muslim society whose population has grown...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

The Baloch nationalist–Islamic State conflict refers to a series of violent engagements primarily between the Islamic State's affiliates and Baloch nationalists...

almost every major Muslim movement and community – not only early Imami Shi‘ism and the later developments of Twelver, Ismaili and Zaydi Islam but also...

Mavani, Hamid (2013). Religious authority and political thought in Twelver Shiʿism – From Ali to post-Khomeini. Routledge. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-135-04473-2....

and Druze sects. Shiite Muslims in Lebanon are synonymous with Twelver Shi'ism and are distinguished from Alawites and Isma'ilis. Today, Shiite Muslims...

emerge in the western and central Maghreb. In these areas, Zaydi Shi'ism, Isma'ili Shi'ism, Kharijite Ibadism and Kharijite Sufrism were all well-established...

such as Al-Tahawi and Nasafi and is accepted in traditional Sunnis and Shi'ism. However, this understanding, along with expressions of respect and visits...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

political and religious doctrine, including Iran's state religion of Twelver Shi'ism. A December 2009 cable between Sanaa and various intelligence agencies...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

(1): 1–14. Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali (1994). The Divine Guide in Early Shi'ism - The Sources of Esotericism in Islam. Translated by Streight, David. State...

sayyid family of Avadh I: Musavī Nīshāpūrī of Kintūr Roots of North Indian Shi‘ism in Iran and Iraq: Religion and State in Awadh, 1722-1859, by J. R. I. Cole...

The theology of Twelver Shi'ism contains the five principles of Shia Islam known as Uṣūl al-Dīn (Arabic: أصول الدين "Principles of the Faith"). The Shia...

According to Tom Heneghan: Alawite religion is often called “an offshoot of Shi’ism,” Islam’s largest minority sect, but that is something like referring to...

matters to the scholar in their area". Shiite authorities in the history of Shi'ism have an important role in the religious, political and social thought of...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Publishers. p. 105. Kramer, Martin (11 January 2010). "Syria's Alawis and Shi'ism". Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2014...

imam in Twelver Shi'ism, who is thought to be in occultation since 874. Indeed, the victory of Yazid in Karbala is regarded in Shi'ism as the ultimate...

the Alawites and other Shia groups (particularly Isma'ilis and Twelver Shi’ism) Druze are about 3% of the population. It has its origin in Shia Islam...

An Introduction to Shiʻi Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism. Yale University Press. p. xxii. ISBN 0-300-03531-4. Retrieved 29 September...

Abubakar Mohammed Shekau (23 March 1973 – 19 May 2021) was a Nigerian militant who was the leader of Boko Haram, an extremist organization based in northeastern...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

Retrieved 1 April 2026. Bayat, Mango (1991). Iran's first revolution: Shi'ism and the constitutional revolution of 1905-1909. New York: Oxford University...

to Shi'ism prior to 680. The death of the third imam and his followers marked the 'big bang' that created the rapidly expanding cosmos of Shi'ism and...

An Introduction to Shiʻi Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-03499-8. Ibn Sa'd, Muhammad (2013)...

himself as the Shāh of Iran, minted coins in this name, and proclaimed Shi'ism the official religion of his domain. Although initially the masters of...

Gnosis & Hermeneutics in Ismailism, Sufism, Muslim Philosophy, Twelver Shi‘ism & Illuminationism, London, I.B. Tauris and the Institute of Ismaili Studies...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Persian, Esmāʿīl under the pen name Wafāʾī. The ʿĀdelšāhīs established Shiʿism in Bījāpūr and actively encouraged the immigration of Persian writers and...

University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-76667-9. Morrow, John Andrew (2020). Shi'ism in the Maghrib and al-Andalus, Volume One: History. Cambridge Scholars...

Abraham (claimed) Traditions Sunni Islam (1368–1661, 1673–present) Twelver Shi'ism (1661–1673) Cadet branches House of Salalila (1500–1571) House of Digadong...

pp. 111–124. ISBN 978-0-275-98734-3. Aghaie, K.S. (2013). "'Āshūrā' (Shī'ism)". In Fleet, K.; Krämer, G.; Matringe, D.; Nawas, J.; Stewart, D.J. (eds...

[citation needed] Shariati sought to revive the revolutionary currents of Shi'ism. His interpretation of Shiism encouraged revolution in the world and promised...

Wahhabism is a Salafi revivalist movement within Sunni Islam named after the 18th-century Hanbali scholar Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab. It was initially...

Mavani, Hamid (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism - From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780415624404. Medoff, Louis...

Retrieved 4 March 2020. "Morgan, David. Shah Isma'il and the Establishment of Shi'ism". Coursesa.matrix.msu.edu. Archived from the original on 25 April 2001...

so-called ghilman / غِلْمَان / "servants"), almost always after conversion to Shi'ism depending on given function would be, unlike the Qizilbash, fully loyal...

Sunnization policies as a unifier of the country and to undermine Zaydi Shi'ism. Ansar Allah (sometimes Anglicised as Ansarullah), known popularly as the...

Atharism Salafism Wahhabism Modernist Salafism Shi'ism Alawism Ali-Illahism Ismailism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Sufism Khawarij Ibadism Alevism Ishikism...

end of the 7th century AD, which is the period of establishment of Imami Shi‘ism in Iran. Second, the influence of the Shia tradition of Baghdad and Najaf...

the Imams, or Imamzadehs, hold a lower status than the Imams, popular Shi'ism still strongly venerates imamzadehs. In Iran, there are many more burial...

Islam. However, Fedele states that this is the mainstream view in Twelver Shi'ism, the main branch of Shia Islam. Hyder claims that this belief seems to...

permitted Ijtihad. Akhbaris argue that throughout the history of Twelver Shi'ism since the Occultation, Usuli ulama have gradually assumed functions that...

Shia Islam, particularly Twelver Shi'ism, several decades after the Safavid dynasty officially established Twelver Shi'ism as the state religion in 1501...

observed the doctrines of Imam Ibn Hanbal and Ibn Taymiyyah. Rida made anti-Shi'ism "a major trait of his school" and called for a Wahhabi demolition of the...

Suffering in Islam: A Study of the Devotional Aspects of Ashura in Twelver Shi'ism. Hague: Mouton Publishers. ISBN 90-279-7943-X. Vaglieri, L. Veccia (1971)...

An Introduction to Shiʻi Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-03531-5. "Nicene Creed | USCCB"...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Fourteen Infallibles who are especially revered and important in Twelver Shi'ism. They are all considered to be infallible by Twelvers alongside the Prophets...

The ten to whom Paradise was promised (Arabic: العشرة المبشرون, al-ʿashara al-mubashsharūn or العشرة المبشرة, al-ʿashara al-mubashshara) were ten early...

Mohammad Ali (2007). "ISLAM IN IRAN VII - THE CONCEPT OF MAHDI IN TWELVER SHI'ISM". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. XIV/2. pp. 136–143. Hulmes, Edward D.A. (2013)...

hills east of the city. Fatimid society was highly pluralistic. Isma'ili Shi'ism was the religion of the state and the caliph's court, but most of the population...

February 2017. Shlaim 2009, pp. 3–4. Corboz, Elvire (2015). Guardians of Shi'ism: Sacred Authority and Transnational Family Networks. Edinburgh University...

Judaism. Nowadays, most Iranian people follow Islam (Sunnism, followed by Shi'ism), with minorities following Christianity, Judaism, Mandaeism, Iranian religions...

Ababda, Arab-Berbers Islam → Sunni Islam, Sufism, Shia Islam → Twelver Shi'ism, Isma'ilism → Tayyibi Isma'ilism → Sulaymani, Zaydism, Ibadism Christianity...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

Mavani, Hamid (2013). Religious authority and political thought in Twelver Shiʿism: From Ali to post-Khomeini. Routledge. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-135-04473-2. "(Quran...

Western Syria Tripoli, Lebanon Ideology Salafi jihadism Anti-Assadism Anti-Shi'ism Anti-Alawism Anti-Druzism Anti-Christian Notable attacks Crimes 2025 massacres...

An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism, Yale University Press, p. 5 Fazlur Rahman (1979), p. 21 See: Esposito...

2015, p. 56 Mir-Kasimov, O., Words of Power: Hurufi Teachings Between Shi'ism and Sufism in Medieval Islam, I.B. Tauris and the Institute of Ismaili...

al-Hasani who arrived in Sa'ada in 894 AH, he was a follower of Zaydi Shi'ism and gave rise to the Hadawi school of thought within it. The clan is large...

Communitarianism Confucianism Neo New Hindutva Islamic democracy Islamism Shi'ism Legalism Monarchism Paternalistic conservatism Social conservatism State...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

final letter of Muhammad al-Mahdi, known as the Hidden Imam in Twelver Shi'ism, to his agent, Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Samarri, predicted the...

Communitarianism Confucianism Neo New Hindutva Islamic democracy Islamism Shi'ism Legalism Monarchism Paternalistic conservatism Social conservatism State...

Persia and court official who was head of the largest branch of Nizari Shi'ism at that time. Burhan died in Ahmadnagar in 1553. He left six sons, of whom...

القرامطة نفس الادعاء [Just as the Zanj Rebellion raised the banner of Alid Shi'ism as a slogan of opposition to the Abbasids, the Qarmatians adopted the same...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

(1985), An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism, Yale University Press, New edition 1987, p. 5. (Schacht et al. 1998, p...

derisively known as al-Kadhdhāb (Arabic: الکَذّاب, lit. 'the Liar') in Twelver Shi'ism, was the third son of the tenth Twelver Shi'a Imam, Ali al-Hadi. He claimed...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

Hamid, Algar (2006). "IRAN ix. RELIGIONS IN IRAN (2) Islam in Iran (2.3) Shiʿism in Iran Since the Safavids". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XIII. Fasc. 5...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

up to three - quarters of its people belonging to the Twelver sect of Shi'ism; the rest adhering to the Sunni Hanafi school. Yemelianova, Galina M.;...

International Theory Islamism Sunni Islam Anti-Iranian sentiment Anti-Shi'ism Antisemitism Anti-Zionism Attempts at political union Arab Federation Arab...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Verethragna or Bahram (Avestan: 𐬬𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬭𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬀‎, romanized: vər-ə-θraɣna) is a Zoroastrian yazata. The neuter noun verethragna is related to Avestan...

Tradition', in ed., Pedram Khosronejad, The Art and Material Culture of Iranian Shi'ism: Iconography and Religious Devotion in Shi'i Islam (London and New York...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

branch of Islam that makes up approximately 10% of all Muslims.). Islamist Shi'ism, also known as Shi'i Islamism, is primarily but not exclusively associated...

an-Nabawiyyah Seyyed Hossein Nasr; Hamid Dabashi; Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr (1988). Shi'ism: Doctrines, Thought, and Spirituality. SUNY Press. pp. 75–. ISBN 978-0-88706-689-4...

ISBN 9781906033781. Khosronejad, Pedram (2011). Art and Material Culture of Iranian Shi'ism: Iconography and Religious Devotion in Shi'i Islam. London: I.B. Tauris...

response, and consistent with their growing ideological opposition to Shi‘ism, Wahhabi forces under Saud bin Abdulaziz launched a major military expedition...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

were often backed by the shah of Iran, Ismail I, who was eager to promote Shi'ism to undermine the authority of the Ottoman state. Ottoman authority in Anatolia...

the title Shi'a.)" Root and Branches of Faith by Maqbul Hussein Rahim Shi'ism Doctrines, Thought and Spirituality by Hossein Nasr Bosniak "Book of the...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Religious authority of Najaf Qajar Iran Emirate of Diriyah Victory The Anti-Shi'ism raids of the House of Saud ended in failure at the Iran–Iraq border. Russo-Persian...

Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali (27 September 1994). The Divine Guide in Early Shi'ism: The Sources of Esotericism in Islam. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-2122-2...

1972. p. 51. Retrieved 11 April 2017. Corboz, Elvire (2015). Guardians of Shi'ism: Sacred Authority and Transnational Family Networks. Edinburgh University...

a particular kind. He has little to say about the errancy of Sufism or Shi’ism, for instance, and makes no particular demand for establishing an Islamic...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Spanish rendering of the name Abu Abdallah Morrow, John Andrew (2020). Shi'ism in the Maghrib and al-Andalus, Volume One: History. Cambridge Scholars...

caliphs of the time had decided definitely to put an end to the Imamate in Shi'ism once and for all. Nikah mut'ah (lit. "pleasure marriage"), is a fixed-term...

February 1999. Retrieved 1 July 2017. Corboz, Elvire (2015). Guardians of Shi'ism: Sacred Authority and Transnational Family Networks. Edinburgh University...

February 9, 2026. Nasr, Seyyed Husain (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-843-0. Retrieved March 22, 2020...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Russian-speaking Shia, he realized in the midst of Jihad in Sham that Shia and Shi'ism had become a force against Islam and umma, made a decisive choice in favor...

University Press. pp. 30–2. ISBN 9780691134840. Glassé, Cyril, ed. (2003). "Shi'ism". The new encyclopedia of Islam. AltaMira Press. pp. 422–8. ISBN 9780759101890...

orthodox student Rashid Rida followed hardline Salafism which opposed Sufism, Shi'ism and incorporated traditional madh'hab system. Rida eventually became a...

History of Shi'ism in Kashmir is marked with conflict and strife, spanning over half a millennium. Incidents of sectarian violence occurred in Kashmir...

Muhammad from a young age—having never practiced idolatry. This places him—in Shi'ism—above Abu Bakr, who was a middle-aged man at the time of his conversion...

 327. ISBN 1-4128-0516-3. Chehabi, Houchang Esfandiar (1986). Modernist Shi'ism and Politics: The Liberation Movement of Iran (PhD Dissertation). Vol. I/II...

and Yazidis as well as adherents of other Muslim sects such as Twelver Shi'ism and Shabakism, and in the past, Iraqi Jews. Mosul and its surrounding region...

muftiates Marja' and Ayatollah, roughly equivalent offices in Twelver Shi'ism Urdu: مفتی اعظم محمد کفایت اللہ دہلوی Arabic: مفتی کفایت اللہ الدہلوی John...

partly tied to the link she provides between pre-Islamic Persia and modern Shi'ism. However, her historicity is uncertain. Islamic writers, such as al-Mubarrad...

Shi'a Ulama of all time," whose "policies and actions reoriented Twelver Shi'ism in the direction that it was to develop from his day on." He was buried...

Abdulhussein (1 January 1981). Islamic Messianism: The Idea of Mahdi in Twelver Shi'ism. SUNY Press. ISBN 9780873954426 – via Google Books. Lalani 2000. De Lacy...

disagreed to their conversion they knew that with this outward acceptance of Shi'ism, Tahmasp was eventually prepared to offer Humayun more substantial support...

Mavani, Hamid (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780415624404. McHugo, John...

have also left their mark down to the present era by establishing Twelver Shi'ism as the state religion of Iran, as well as spreading Shi'a Islam in major...

of Bidar as capital of the sultanate in 1429, Ahmad Shah I converted to Shi'ism. Ahmad Shah's reign was marked by relentless military campaigns and expansionism...

Seyyed Hossein; Dabashi, Hamid (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-844-7...

estimate) Shafi'i Islam (65.0%) Zaydi Islam (34.0%) Ismaili Shia, Twelver Shi'ism, Baháʼí, Hindu, Christian or irreligious (1.00%) Religion in Yemen consists...

International Theory Islamism Sunni Islam Anti-Iranian sentiment Anti-Shi'ism Antisemitism Anti-Zionism Attempts at political union Arab Federation Arab...

In Twelver Shi'ism, bada’ (Arabic: البَدَاء, lit. 'appearance' or 'emergence') means change in a divine decree in response to new circumstances. A textbook...

Apocalyptic Islam and Iranian Shi'ism. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1845119812. (Looking at diverse trends in Iranian Shi'ism and within the broader context...

Mavani, Hamid (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780415624404. Fedele, Valentina...

Political Theology. Cambridge University Press. p. 67. Hamid Dabashi (1988). Shi'ism: Doctrines, Thought, and Spirituality. SUNY Press. pp. 65–. ISBN 978-0-88706-689-4...

Encyclopedia Britannica. Pierce, Matthew (2016). Twelve Infallible Men: The Imams and the Making of Shi'ism. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674737075....

Human Rights Library. 1992. Chehabi, Houchang Esfandiar (1986). Modernist Shi'ism and Politics: The Liberation Movement of Iran (PhD Dissertation). Vol. I/II...

Dabashi, and Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr (eds.), Expectations of the Millennium: Shi‘ism in History, Albany, 288-300. MATSUNAGA, Yasuyuki (2009). "Revisiting Ayatollah...

central Buyid power. The Buyids’ inclination toward Shi‘ism, particularly the doctrine of Twelver Shi‘ism, initially reinforced their authority. Yet over...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Through Da'i missionaries engaged in the da'wah the Isma'ili sect of Shi'ism had spread and was regarded as a threat by the Sunni. It was written in...

Madelung, Wilferd (2004). "Ḥosayn b. ʿAli i. Life and Significance in Shi'ism". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. XII. New York:...

London (UK), Trolley, 2003, ISBN 0-9542648-5-1. Dabashi, Hamid (2011). Shi'ism - A Religion of Protest. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University...

of cemeteries around Najaf, and specifically in Wadi al-Salam. First, Shi'ism has developed a somewhat more permissive attitude than Sunnism with regard...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

(reprint ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521429749. Halm, Heinz (2004). Shi'ism. New Edinburgh Islamic surveys (reprint ed.). Edinburgh University Press...

ISBN 978-1-5381-2043-9. Nasr, Seyyed H. (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shiʻism in History. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, Albany. p. 425...

The Anbar Tribal Council (Arabic: مجلس عشائر الأنبار), also called the Tribal Revolutionaries (ثوار العشائر), was an armed group and an alliance of Iraqi...

ISBN 9780521561815. Madelung, W. (2004). "Ḥosayn b. 'Ali i. Life and Significance in Shi'ism". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. XII/5. pp. 493–498. Momen, M. (1985). An...

official policy, Safavids wanted everyone to convert to orthoprax Twelver Shi'ism and killed those who refused, including hundreds of thousands of Zoroastrians...

Part of a series on Shia Islam Twelver Shi'ism The Fourteen Infallibles Muhammad Fatimah The Twelve Imams Ali Hasan Husayn al-Sajjad al-Baqir al-Sadiq...

Shi'ism. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-1888-0. Anthony, Sean (2012). The Caliph and the Heretic: Ibn Saba' and the Origins of Shi'ism....

MAHDI IN TWELVER SHIʿISM". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. XIV/2. pp. 136–143. Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali (1998). "ESCHATOLOGY iii. Imami Shiʿism". Encyclopaedia...

Al-Banna downplayed doctrinal differences between schools (acknowledging Shi'ism as a valid "fifth school", while declaring Ahmadiyya and the Islam-related...

entitled the Senate." The Constitutional Amendment of 1907 declared Twelver Shi'ism to be the state religion, and called for a council of five high ranking...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Madelung, Wilferd (2004). "Ḥosayn b. ʿAli I. Life and Significance in Shiʿism". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. 7. New York: Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation...

1988 Halabja attack. Halabja Martyrs Monument Anti-Kurdish sentiment Anti-Shi'ism History of the Kurds Modern history of Iraq Human rights in Saddam Hussein's...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

coming of the Mahdi. Scholars disagree to what degree Shi'ism affected Abu Isa or whether Shi'ism was at the same time developing and incorporating Jewish...

scholarships insist that their religion is theologically distinct from Shi'ism. Alawites have historically kept their beliefs secret from outsiders and...

Ayatollah of Twelver Shias worldwide. Traditional Twelver Shi‘a, Revolutionary Shi'ism, Usuli 2 (2009) 3 (2010) 1 5 (2011) 2 6 (2012) 1 3 (2013/14) 3 3 (2014/15)...

Atharism Salafism Wahhabism Modernist Salafism Shi'ism Alawism Ali-Illahism Ismailism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Sufism Khawarij Ibadism Alevism Ishikism...

Dabashi, Hamid; Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (1989). Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0887068448. Burton...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

(1986) Shi'ism: Doctrines, Thought, and Spirituality, edited with Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr and Hamid Dabashi (1988) Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

segregation Compulsory veiling Sharia Sovereigntism Theocracy Twelver Shi'ism Vilayat Faqih Ummah Pragmatist groups Bazaari interests Bureaucracy Market...

Sultan Muhammad Khudabandeh Öljaitü, the Mongol ruler of Iran, converted to Shi'ism and ruled Iran from 703 AH (1303/1304 CE) until 716 AH (1316/1317 CE),...

Madelung, Wilferd; Schmidtke, Sabine (2024-10-28). Studies in Medieval Shi'ism. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-040-24522-4. Clarke, L. (2001). Shi'ite Heritage:...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

Sindh (known in Arabic sources as Zuṭṭ) had come under the influence of Shi'ism with some even participating in the Battle of Camel and died fighting for...

the Safavids forced the conversion of all Muslims in their territory to Shi'ism." Bentley, Subrahmanyam & Wiesner-Hanks 2015a, p. 456, "In the Middle East...

the Khojas were Ismāʿīlī and so those Khojas split off to follow Twelver Shi'ism. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the Khojas were under pressure...

Abdulhussein (1981). Islamic Messianism: The Idea of Mahdī in Twelver Shīʻism. Suny press. ISBN 978-0873954426. Daftary, Farhad (2013). A History of...

Islamic prophets and messengers, angels, and revered persons. In Twelver Shi'ism, honorifics are used with the Twelve Imams. Also, Islamic honorifics are...

The Bedoon or Bidoon or Bidoun (Arabic: بدون جنسية, romanized: Bidūn jinsīya, lit. 'without nationality'), fully Bidoon jinsiya, are stateless people in...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

his birth date was on 22 September. Corboz, Elvire (2015). Guardians of Shi'ism: Sacred Authority and Transnational Family Networks. Edinburgh University...

An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-03531-5. Levy, Reuben (1957). The...

in so doing the Sunni made most of Islamic history their own. Twelver Shi’ism is the largest branch of the Shia Islam, representing about 85% of the...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Idrisids were the first dynasty who attempted to introduce the doctrines of Shi'ism, albeit in a very attenuated form, into the Maghrib...". Ignác Goldziher...

Starting in the mid-1970s and 1980s, the international propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism within Sunni Islam and throughout the Muslim world, favored...

populated by Shi'ite Muslims. At a very young age he started studying Imam Shi'ism and attended the juridical school of madhhab where he also devoted his...

29 December 2006. Jones, Toby (2007). "Saudi Arabia's Not so New Anti-Shi'ism". Middle East Report. 242 (242): 29–32. JSTOR 25164776. Entous, Adam; Malas...

2014. Liow 2009, pp. 87–. Osman, Salim (23 August 2013). "Clampdown on Shi'ism in Malaysia a cause for concern". The Jakarta Post. Politics is yet another...

dynasty (in the case of the Hashimiyya), or differed to other branches of Shi'ism, and so the Kaysanites ceased to exist. The Umayyad state is remembered...

 66. ISBN 978-951-51-2890-4. Most Iranian Kurds are Shi'a (of Twelver Shi'ism). Sebastian Maisel (2018). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

18 April 2007 Baghdad bombings 18 April 2007 Iraq 198 251 Unknown; Anti-Shi'ism Qahtaniyah bombings 14 August 2007 Iraq 796 1,562 2008 Mumbai attacks 26...

تحفہ اثناء عشریۃ, lit. "Gift to the Twelvers"), a refutation of Imami Shi‘ism A Sunni site, NazariaPak, states: In this book, he has described the history...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

Sunni:- Deobandi, Barelvi, Ahl-e-Hadith, Sufi 90 (87.4%) Shia:- Twelver Shi'ism, Ismaili, Dawoodi Bohra and Khoja 12 (11.7%) Ahmadiyya 1 (0.97%) The majority...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

Sean (2011). The Caliph and the Heretic: Ibn Saba' and the origins of Shi'ism. BRILL. p. 220. ISBN 9789004216068. Schwandtner (1901). "Scriptores Rerum...

Mohammad Ali (2007). "Islam in Iran-vii. The Concept of Mahdi in Twelver Shi'ism". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 2015-03-11. Halm, H (1987). "ʿAskari"...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

April 2007 Ideology Salafism Salafist jihadism Wahhabism Qutbism Anti-Shi'ism Salafi jihadism Part of Al-Qaeda (until 2013) Opponents Multi-National...

Mavani, H. (2013), Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini, Routledge Studies in Political Islam, Routledge...

2023-11-09. Retrieved 2020-10-21. Ibrahim Moussawi (16 January 2012). Shi'ism and the Democratisation Process in Iran: With a focus on Wilayat al-Faqih...

the fourteenth century, when the Il-khan Öljaitü converted to Twelver Shi'ism. Most of the elaborate decorative work in the present imposing complex...

wide variety of ideas from both East and West" including "Twelver Shi'ism, Sevener Shi'ism, Druzism, and Shi'ite Extremism, as well as Babism, Baha'ism, Yezidism...

Empire in Iran. The Safavids styled themselves as champions of Twelver Shi'ism, in direct opposition to the Sunnism of the Mamluks and Ottomans. Tensions...

Mu’tazilism or Shi’ism can be misleading. While there is an overlap between the two schools of thought on this question, Mu’tazilism and Shi’ism were not the...

Norman Calder, J A Mojaddedi, Andrew Rippin The Formative Period of Twelver Shi'Ism: Hadith As Discourse Between Qum and Baghdad by Andrew J Newman Great Shiite...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

pp. 427–449 (cf. Delva 2017, p. 38, note 14). Kraus regarded Jabirian Shi'ism as an early form of Isma'ilism (see Kraus 1930, Kraus 1942; see also Corbin...

promoted Twelver Shiʿism in Iran. His debates helped convince Öljaitü to convert around 1309–1310, elevating the status of Twelver Shi'ism at court until...

Suffering in Islam - A Study of the Devotional Aspects of Ashura in Twelver Shi'ism. De Gruyter. ISBN 9789027979438. Baghestani, I.; Emadi Haeri, M. (2017)...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

Abdulhussein (1981). Islamic Messianism: The Idea of Mahdi in Twelver Shi'ism. SUNY Press. p. 137. ISBN 9780873954426. Bearman, Peri; Peters, Rudolph...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

who subsequently converted the Kutama of northeastern Algeria to Ismaili Shi'ism. These came under the rule of the Fatimid dynasty, who organized an army...

Mavani, Hamid (2013). Religious authority and political thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780415624404. Qutbuddin, Tahera...

injunctions also constitute two of the ten Ancillaries of the Faith of Twelver Shi'ism. Pre-modern Islamic literature describes pious Muslims (usually scholars)...

useful stunts. So, some of their people accepted Islām only to turn towards Shī'ism, with the claim of loving Ahl al-Bayt (the family of the Prophet) and abhorrence...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

above, there are no reliable indicators for the extent to which Twelver Shi'ism had spread in Baltistan at the time of the Sikh conquest (1840). Mock,...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

India. Retrieved 28 May 2026. Cole, J. R. I. (1988). Roots of North Indian Shi‘ism in Iran and Iraq: Religion and State in Awadh, 1722-1859. Berkeley: University...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Nuclear Iran (UANI), emphasising Khomeini's controversial interpretation of Shi'ism, his rejection of Western interference and influence in the Muslim world...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

Suffering in Islam: A Study of the Devotional Aspects of Ashura in Twelver Shi'ism. De Gruyter. ISBN 9789027979438. Bahramian, A. (2015). "'Alī b. al-Ḥusayn...

1929) Herat (until 1931) Ideology Islamic fundamentalism Islamism Anti-Shi'ism Anti-Hazara sentiment Tajik interests Size 24 (1924) 20,000 (14 April 1929)...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

Mavani, Hamid (2013), Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini, Routledge Studies in Political Islam, Routledge...

"friends of Allah" or the "beloved of Allah." Walaya is a key word in Shi‘ism that refers among other things to the nature and function of the Imamate...

Mavani, Hamid (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780415624404. Klemm, Verena...

include the formal integration of Mutazila rationalist doctrine into Twelver Shi'ism, explaining the Occultation and defending it against Shia doubters, developing...

ISBN 0-19-512559-2 Moezzi, Mohammad Ali Amir (1994), The Divine Guide in Early Shiʻism: The Sources of Esotericism in Islam, Albany: State University of New York...

Hafez al-Assad entirely dismissed the Alawite faith as simply Twelver Shi'ism. Alawites insisted that they were a distinct Islamic sect, while accusing...

Various Shia sects disagreed over the identity of these imams. In Twelver Shi’ism, Muhammad is believed to have been succeeded by a line of twelve imams...

An Introduction to Shiʻi Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism, (Yale University Press, 1985), 107. The Cambridge History of Iran, ed...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Ali (695–740), great-grandson of Ali and fifth Imam according to Zaidi Shi'ism Zayd ibn al-Khattab (584-632), companion of Muhammad Zayd ibn Arqam (died...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

times of Shah Abdur Razzaq, "Al-Maktaba-e-Monamia". Roots of North Indian Shi‘ism in Iran and Iraq Religion and State in Awadh, 1722-1859 Archived 13 October...

with the Alawite syncretic Muslim sect which splintered off from early Shi'ism. Maher is married to Manal al-Jadaan, a Sunni woman with whom he has two...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

by Farzin Negahban. Brill Online. ISSN 1875-9831. Morrow, John (2023). Shi'ism in the Maghrib and Al-Andalus. Vol. 1. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 9781527598812...

The campaign evolved from attacking Khomeini and his theories, to moving Shi'ism "outside the pale" of Islam, to transforming "doctrinal and theological...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

notion that Islam is divided into the binary subdivisions of Sunnism and Shi'ism, thereby erasing space for the unaffiliated non-denominational Muslims...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

state secret service allegedly engages in Shia forced disappearances. Anti-Shi'ism reaches such an extent that the mainstream media often presents Iran in...

intermediary, and a source of divine wisdom. Zaydism, also referred to as Fiver Shi'ism, is a branch of Shia Islam that emerged in the eighth century following...

Abu Jandal al-Masri (Arabic: أبو جندل المصري) is an Egyptian who served as a senior official in the Islamic State. It was reported on January 23, 2017...

motifs. By the time the Safavids created a unified state and promoted Shiʿism as the national creed, the lion and sun had become a familiar sign everywhere—on...

2013. Islam 2016. Wensinck & Jomier 2012. Aghaie, K.S. (2013). "'Āshūrā' (Shī'ism)". In Fleet, K.; Krämer, G.; Matringe, D.; Nawas, J.; Stewart, D.J. (eds...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

Imam to appear under the name of Qa'im at the end of time. In the Zaidi Shi'ism sect, who do not consider the Imams to have superhuman powers, belief in...

pistol Deaths 32 (including the perpetrator) Injured 169+ Perpetrator Islamic State – Pakistan Province Assailants Yasir Khan Shinwari Motive Anti-Shi'ism...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

Their Husaynid kin who traditionally ruled over Medina professed Twelver Shi'ism. Both the Hasanid sharifs in Mecca and Husaynid sharifs in Medina converted...

ISBN 9789953586793. "Islam in Iran vii. The Concept of Mahdi in Twelver Shiʿism". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 1 June 2026. Lane, Edward William (1872)...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

p. 79 Arjomand, Said Amir (1988). Authority and Political Culture in Shi'ism. State University of New York Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-0887066399. Chelkowski...

University of Calcutta. Anthony, Sean (25 November 2011). The Caliph and the Heretic: Ibn Saba' and the Origins of Shi'ism. BRILL. ISBN 978-900420930-5....

Karen G. (2011). Gender, Sainthood, & Everyday Practice in South Asian Shi'ism. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 173. ISBN 978-0-8078-3475-6. Subhamoy...

Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers. ISBN 1-55876-134-9. Halm, Heinz (2004). Shi'ism. Translated by Watson, Janet; Hill, Marian (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

Ahl-i Haqq class other Muslims as either Ahl-i Tashayyu (followers of Shi'ism) or Ahl-i Tasannun (followers of Sunnism). The Ahl-i Haqq neither observe...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

Atharism Salafism Wahhabism Modernist Salafism Shi'ism Alawism Ali-Illahism Ismailism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Sufism Khawarij Ibadism Alevism Ishikism...

Jaysh Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jamaah (Arabic: جيش أهل السنة والجماعة, lit. 'Army and Group for the People of the Sunnah') was an Iraqi Salafi insurgent group...

he forbade the Shia call to prayer in Aleppo and any public displays of Shi'ism. In the Muslim world, he remains a figure of military courage, piety, and...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

segregation Compulsory veiling Sharia Sovereigntism Theocracy Twelver Shi'ism Vilayat Faqih Ummah Pragmatist groups Bazaari interests Bureaucracy Market...

International Theory Islamism Sunni Islam Anti-Iranian sentiment Anti-Shi'ism Antisemitism Anti-Zionism Attempts at political union Arab Federation Arab...

Twelver Shi'ism. As she was raised with and by infallibles, she is nevertheless believed to have had "minor infallibility" in Twelver Shi'ism. As a young...

Salman, Abu Dharr, Miqdad, and Ammar.'" Lay summary in: Rasul Ja'fariyan. "Shi'ism and Its Types During the Early Centuries". Al Seraj. Archived from the...

(raj'a) of the Imam, have been influential in the development of Twelver Shi'ism. Later Isma'ili Shi'i authors such as Ja'far ibn Mansur al-Yaman (died...

it as religious, they consider it a form of Islam (often, a branch of Shi'ism), while a few claim it to represent an independent, non-Islamic religion...

centuries AD, Deylamites and later Gilanis gradually converted to Zaydi Shiʿism. Several Deylamite commanders and soldiers of fortune who were active in...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

under Abdur Rahman joined by Sunni volunteers from various tribes[citation needed] Motive Ethnic prejudice, Anti-Shi'ism, and Colonization[page needed]...

Jean (1996). "Shi'i Rituals and Power II. The Consolidation of Safavid Shi'ism: Folklore and Popular Religion". In Melville, Charles (ed.). Safavid Persia:...

International Theory Islamism Sunni Islam Anti-Iranian sentiment Anti-Shi'ism Antisemitism Anti-Zionism Attempts at political union Arab Federation Arab...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

specified and agreed upon in advance. It is practiced only in Twelver Shi'ism and is most prominent in Iran where it is legal. Before the 1979 Iranian...

on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2016. Halm, Heinz (21 July 2004). Shi'ism. Edinburgh University Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-7486-1888-0. Yaşar Nuri...

Hazimism, also referred to as the Hazimi movement or known as the Hazimiyyah or Hazimi current, is a movement within the ideology of Islamic State. The...

Al-Habib, in order to respect aniconism in Islam, all holy figures of Twelver Shi'ism were portrayed by light and cinematic visual effects as opposed to being...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

Part of a series on Shia Islam Twelver Shi'ism The Fourteen Infallibles Muhammad Fatimah The Twelve Imams Ali Hasan Husayn al-Sajjad al-Baqir al-Sadiq...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

to theoretical ideas, linking them to particular key Sufi figures. In Shi’ism, the spiritual experience of kashf is treated as a theological rather than...

Madelung, Wilferd (2004). "ḤOSAYN B. ʿALI i. LIFE AND SIGNIFICANCE IN SHIʿISM". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. XII/5. pp. 493–8. Reyshahri, Mohammad (2009)...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

Modern Meanings. Brill. p. 193. ISBN 9789004102958. Halm, Heinz (2004). Shi'ism. translated by Janet Watson, Marian Hill (2nd, illustrated ed.). Columbia...

AltaMira Press. pp. 48–49. ISBN 9780759101890. Glassé, Cyril, ed. (2001c). "Shi'ism". The New Encyclopedia of Islam. AltaMira Press. pp. 422–428. ISBN 9780759101890...

Mavani, Hamid (2013). Religious authority and political thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780415624404. Modarressi,...

power and began to push into the Ottoman Empire. He believed that Safavid Shi'ism had intensified the conflict with the Sunni Ottoman Empire. His army was...

segregation Compulsory veiling Sharia Sovereigntism Theocracy Twelver Shi'ism Vilayat Faqih Ummah Pragmatist groups Bazaari interests Bureaucracy Market...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

Retrieved 7 November 2022. Cole, J. R. I. (1988). Roots of North Indian Shi‘ism in Iran and Iraq. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS. p. 301. Some publications...

2.1.2938.0005. Weiss, Max (2010). In the Shadow of Sectarianism – Law, Shi'ism, and the Making of Modern Lebanon. Cambridge: Harvard University Press...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

in organic food products Tayba TV, Sudanese television channel Tayyibi Isma'ilism, sect of Ismaili Shi'ism Hapoel Tayibe F.C., Israeli football team...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

creates a more emphatic injunction to love Muhammad's kin. In Twelver Shi'ism, this love also entails obedience to the Ahl al-Bayt as the source of exoteric...

the Justanid ruler of Daylam, Wahsūdān ibn Marzubān, a follower of Zaydi Shi'ism, around 840 AD. During a hunting trip, he witnessed a soaring eagle perch...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

rulers and elites was a desire to counter the influence and spread of Shi'ism at the time, by using these institutions to spread Sunni teachings. Dimitri...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

religious implications. Most notable was the consolidation and spread of Shi'ism. As the shrine city of Najaf gained access to water again, its notables...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

Institute of Ismaili Studies, Promotes scholarship and learning on Islam, Shi'ism and the Ismaili Tariqah in particular. First Ismaili Electronic Library...

adherents worldwide. The Druze follow a millenarian offshoot of Isma'ili Shi'ism. Followers emphasize Abrahamic monotheism but consider the religion as...

Atharism Salafism Wahhabism Modernist Salafism Shi'ism Alawism Ali-Illahism Ismailism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Sufism Khawarij Ibadism Alevism Ishikism...

birth to the owner's child. Ali's viewpoint was eventually integrated into Shi'ism, along with the acceptance of temporary marriages. On the other hand, all...

personal taste, or that of subjective experience. In Shia Islam (Twelver Shi'ism, the largest branch of Shi'a Islam), Faith (or in its Arabic form: Iman)...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

sister of the eighth Imam and the daughter of the seventh Imam in 'Twelver' Shī'ism. Her shrine is located in Qom, a city which is one of the most important...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

Jabhat Al-Nusra, also referred to as Al-Nusra Front and later known as Jabhat Fatah Al-Sham was a Sunni Islamist organization that fought against Ba'athist...

Alliance Towards Reforms (Saairun) (2018–2021) Religious life Religion Islam Denomination Twelver Shi'ism School Usuli Residence Hanana, Najaf, Iraq...

It is generally agreed that it is akin to a Sufi rendition of Twelver Shi'ism that integrates Central Asian shamanic elements, though some dissenting...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

by other Muslims includes Persecution of minority Muslim groups, Anti-Shi'ism, Anti-Sunnism, Persecution of Ahmadis, Persecution of Hazara people, Persecution...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

specifically the Islamic Republic of Iran. A foundational belief of Twelver Shi'ism is that the spiritual and political successors of Muhammad are not caliphs...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

intellectual Muhammed Nakhshab is credited with the first synthesis between Shi'ism and European socialism. Nakhshab's movement was based on the tenet that...

Ibrahim al-Haidari (died after 1860) was an Ottoman historian and anthropologist of the mid-19th century in Ottoman Iraq. He has been cited as "one of...

The Free Sunnis of Baalbek Brigade, also known as Liwa Ahrar al-Sunnah Baalbek, was a Sunni jihadist group active in Lebanon. It first rose to prominence...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

ISBN 9789004167827. Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali (1994). The Divine Guide In Early Shi'ism: The Sources of Esotericism in Islam. Translated by Streight, David. State...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Schuster, INC. 1945. pp. 284–285 Heinz Halm, Shi'ism, Columbia University Press, 2004, p. 176. Heinz Halm, Shi'ism, Columbia University Press, 2004, p. 177...

Press. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-62273-410-8. Morrow, John Andrew (2020-11-26). Shi'ism in the Maghrib and al-Andalus, Volume One: History. Cambridge Scholars...

on 10 January 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2015. Halm, Heinz (21 July 2004). Shi'ism. Edinburgh University Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-7486-1888-0. Alevi-Islam...

An Introduction to Shiʻi Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-03531-5. Mottahedeh, Roy P. (1985)...

Pierce, Matthew (2016). Twelve Infallible Men: The Imams and the Making of Shiʿism. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-73707-5...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

of important sects. Other scholars argue Western scholarship that views Shi'ism as a political movement is factually incorrect. According to Jafri, however...

theology of the Sunni Ash'ari school of Kalam into the framework of Twelver Shi'ism. His main work is The Transcendent Philosophy of the Four Journeys of the...

(1985). An Introduction to Shi’i Islam: the history and doctrines Twelver Shi’ism. New Haven; London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-03499-8 Anvari...

the first/seventh century, which is the period of establishment of Imamī Shī‘ism in Iran. Second, the influence of the Shī‘ī tradition of Baghdad and Najaf...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

2004 – 15 October 2006 Active regions Iraq Ideology Salafi jihadism Anti-Shi'ism Qutbism Part of Al-Qaeda Mujahideen Shura Council (from January 2006) Opponents...

ʼAsharī Shīʼīs in India: 7th to 16th century A.D., with an analysis of early Shīʼism. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. p. 280. Michell, George; Zebrowski, Mark...

segregation Compulsory veiling Sharia Sovereigntism Theocracy Twelver Shi'ism Vilayat Faqih Ummah Pragmatist groups Bazaari interests Bureaucracy Market...

An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism. Yale University Press. p. 179. ISBN 978-0-300-03531-5. Martin, Richard...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

Suffering in Islam: A Study of the Devotional Aspects of Ashura in Twelver Shi'ism. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-080331-0. Rabi, Uzi; Friedman, Brandon...

Eventually, in 1538 AD, he persuaded the Sunni sultan to convert to Nizari Shi'ism, of which he was imam of the largest branch at that time. The sultan would...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

 442–444. Said Amir Arjomand (1998). Authority and Political Culture in Shi'ism. SUNY Press. p. 26. ISBN 9780791495230. ISBN 978-0-887-06638-2 Quran 2:253...

century rise of the Safavid dynasty over modern day Iran which made Twelver Shi'ism the state religion and belief compulsory; and in the late 18th century...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

Atharism Salafism Wahhabism Modernist Salafism Shi'ism Alawism Ali-Illahism Ismailism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Sufism Khawarij Ibadism Alevism Ishikism...

International Theory Islamism Sunni Islam Anti-Iranian sentiment Anti-Shi'ism Antisemitism Anti-Zionism Attempts at political union Arab Federation Arab...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

the belief that al-Ma'mun was a Shi'a. The arguments for his supposed Shi’ism include that, in 816/817, when Ali al-Rida, the Prophet's descendant, refused...

khamsa." von Kemnitz, Eva-Maria (2022). "Chapter 8: The Hand Symbol in Shiʿism". The Hand of Fatima: The Khamsa in the Arab-Islamic World. Handbook of...

history of the Perso-Turkish world, with particular emphasis on Iranian Shi'ism during the past two centuries, and the Naqshbandi Sufi order. Algar, who...

an early supporter of Ali, Abu Dharr al-Ghifari (d. AD 651), introduced Shi'ism to the area. Although there is frequent occurrence of this account in many...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

Part of a series on Shia Islam Twelver Shi'ism The Fourteen Infallibles Muhammad Fatimah The Twelve Imams Ali Hasan Husayn al-Sajjad al-Baqir al-Sadiq...

of Mahdī in Twelver Shīʻism. Suny press. ISBN 978-0873954426. Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali (1998). "ESCHATOLOGY iii. Imami Shiʿism". Encyclopaedia Iranica...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Nusayri dawah (missionary) belonging to the ghulat current of Twelver Shi'ism, where Al-Khasibi established the first cells outside of Baghdad some time...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

modest dress begins when she arouses sexual interest in others. In Twelver Shi'ism, which includes 85% of Shia Islam and predominates in Iran and Iraq, it...

taken a strong stance against Sufism (notably the Tijaniyya group) and Shi'ism. Muhammad Kabir Haruna and Ahmad Sulaiman Ibrahim supported Abdullahi Umar...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

(including Maḥmūd al-Fayyāḍ) Religious life Religion Islam Denomination Twelver Shi'ism Jurisprudence Jaʽfari Creed Usuli Muslim leader Based in Najaf, Iraq Website...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

under the influence of Shah Tahir, an Imam, he would establish Nizari Shi'ism as the state religion. Burhan Shah I died in Ahmadnagar in 1553. He left...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

MAHDI IN TWELVER SHIʿISM". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. XIV/2. pp. 136–143. Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali (1998). "ESCHATOLOGY iii. Imami Shiʿism". Encyclopaedia...

professor emeritus of the Sorbonne nouvelle (Paris) is a specialist of modern Shiʿism, the history of contemporary Iran as well as Persian literature. 1980:...

Part of a series on Shia Islam Twelver Shi'ism The Fourteen Infallibles Muhammad Fatimah The Twelve Imams Ali Hasan Husayn al-Sajjad al-Baqir al-Sadiq...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

presence in Singapore, mainly through immigrants, in the late 19th century. Shi'ism in general, however, had a history of being in Singapore before the First...

(1090–1256 CE) — Nizari Ilkhanate (1310–1316 CE) — Öljaitü converted to Shi‘ism around 1310 and ruled until 1316, after which the Ilkhanate reverted to...

Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. Routledge. ISBN 9780415624404. Miskinzoda,...

in that they recall the baptism of the penitent. Adherents of Twelver Shi'ism consider crying an important duty toward their martyred leaders.[citation...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

MAHDI IN TWELVER SHIʿISM". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. XIV/2. pp. 136–143. Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali (2016). Divine Guide in Early Shi'ism: The Sources of...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

God Religious life Religion Nizari Ismaili Jurisprudence Nizari Ismaili Shi'ism Senior posting Predecessor Hassan-i Sabbah Successor Muhammad ibn Buzurg-Ummid...

Wahhabism Sufi Shia Alawites Alevism Bektashism Ghulat Isma'ilism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Muhakkima/Khawarij Azariqa Moderate Kharijites Ibadi Azzabas Nukkari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

was a teacher at one of Qom's seminaries. In his late forties, he left Shi'ism and converted to non-denominational Islam. In 1944, he issued a Fatwa stating...

Ali al-Hadi and Hasan al-Askari, the tenth and eleventh imams in Twelver Shi'ism. Born in Basra to the Banu Numayr tribe, Ibn Nusayr is viewed by his followers...

2022-10-10. Retrieved 2022-10-12. Mortel, Richard T. (November 1987). "Zaydi Shiʿism and the Ḥasanid Sharifs of Mecca". International Journal of Middle East...

rivals in Delhi even started to spread rumours that Shuja had converted to Shi'ism. It was during his term in 1642, that the naval chief Sayyid Murad constructed...

Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 186. Takim, Liyakat (2022). "2: Usul al-Fiqh and Ijtihad in Shi'ism". Shi'ism Revisited: Ijtihad...

 123–127. Sobhani, Ja'far; Shah-Kazemi, Reza (2001). The Doctrines of Shi'ism: A Compendium of Imami Beliefs and Practices. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-780-2...

Atharism Salafism Wahhabism Modernist Salafism Shi'ism Alawism Ali-Illahism Ismailism Twelver Shi'ism Zaydism Sufism Khawarij Ibadism Alevism Ishikism...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

segregation Compulsory veiling Sharia Sovereigntism Theocracy Twelver Shi'ism Vilayat Faqih Ummah Pragmatist groups Bazaari interests Bureaucracy Market...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

International Theory Islamism Sunni Islam Anti-Iranian sentiment Anti-Shi'ism Antisemitism Anti-Zionism Attempts at political union Arab Federation Arab...

reduced the power of the ghulat Shi'a and empowered a moderate form of Shi'ism, and, exceptionally noted for his military genius, making Iran reach its...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

in the upheaval following the US invasion of Iraq in 2003. In Twelver Shi'ism Islam, the majority religion of Iraq, al-Yamani is "the deputy of the Mahdi...

Part of a series on Shia Islam Twelver Shi'ism The Fourteen Infallibles Muhammad Fatimah The Twelve Imams Ali Hasan Husayn al-Sajjad al-Baqir al-Sadiq...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Salutes, Salutes of 11 Guns Cole, Juan Ricardo (1989). Roots of north indian shīʻism in Iran and Iraq : religion and state in Awadh, 1722–1859. Oxford University...

Abdulaziz A. (1981). Islamic Messianism: The Idea of Mahdi in Twelver Shi'ism. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-87395-442-6...

enjoys considerable following in the rationalist philosophy of Twelver Shi'ism, with the most famous modern-day adherent being Ruhollah Khomeini. Although...

al-Ouda Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism Twelver Shi'ism Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali al-Sajjad Muhammad al-Baqir...

com. Retrieved 17 May 2025. "Husayn B. 'Ali: Life and Significance in Shi'ism | The Institute of Ismaili Studies". www.iis.ac.uk. Retrieved 17 May 2025...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...

Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Rastafari...