The 500 Most Influential Muslims (also known as The Muslim 500) is an annual publication first published in 2009, which ranks the most influential Muslims in the world.
Critics[who?] have noted that its top 50 list gives more weight to political leaders, who due to the nature of political systems in Middle East enjoy considerable clout and influence in the regional politics. As such the influence of individuals listed in the top 50 owes much to the fact of their existence in the political spectrum.[citation needed]
Overview
The publication highlights people who are influential as Muslims. That is people whose influence is derived from their practice of Islam or from the fact that they are Muslim.[5] The influence can be of a religious scholar directly addressing Muslims and influencing their beliefs, ideas and behaviour, or it can be of a ruler shaping the socio-economic factors within which people live their lives, or of artists shaping popular culture. The first two examples also point to the fact that the lists, and especially the Top 50, are dominated by religious scholars and heads of state. Their dominant and lasting influence cannot be denied, especially the rulers, who in many cases also appoint religious scholars to their respective positions.[6]
Nominations are evaluated on the basis of the influence that particular Muslims have had within the Muslim community and the manner in which their influence has benefited the Muslim community, both within the Islamic world and in terms of representing Islam to non-Muslims.[7] "Influential" for the purposes of the book is defined as "any person who has the power (be it cultural, ideological, financial, political or otherwise) to make a change that will have a significant impact on the Muslim World".[8]
The publication defines eligible entries with the following: "Traditional Islam (96% of the world's Muslims): Also known as Orthodox Islam, this ideology is not politicized and largely based on consensus of correct opinion—thus including the Sunni, Shi'a, and Ibadi branches of practice (and their subgroups) within the fold of Islam, and not groups such as the Druze or the Ahmadiyya, among others."[9]
The book starts with an overall top 50, ranked the most influential Muslims in the world. The remaining 450 most prominent Muslims is broken down into 15 categories without ranking,[10][11] of scholarly, political, administrative, lineage, preachers and spiritual guides, women, youth, philanthropy/charity, development, science and technology, arts and culture, Qu'ran reciters, media, radicals, international Islamic networks and issues of the day.[citation needed] Each year the biographies are updated.[3]
The publication also gives an insight into the different ways that Muslims impact the world and also shows the diversity of how people are living as Muslims today.[10] The book's appendices comprehensively list populations of Muslims in nations worldwide, and its introduction gives a snapshot view of different ideological movements within the Muslim world, breaking down clearly distinctions between traditional Islam and recent radical innovations.[12]
Publications
2009 edition
In 2009, the book was edited by Professors John L. Esposito and Ibrahim Kalin at Georgetown University in Washington, DC.[13]
The 500 most influential Muslims were chosen largely in terms of their overt influence.[12] The top 50 is dominated by religious scholars[14] and either heads of state, which automatically gives them an advantage when it comes to influence, or they have inherited their position. Lineage is a significant factor – it has its own category – and the predisposition to include children of important people reveals a mindset that indicates achievement is an optional extra.[5] The top 50 fits into six broad categories as follows: 12 are political leaders (kings, generals, presidents), four are spiritual leaders (Sufi shaykhs), 14 are national or international religious authorities, three are "preachers", six are high-level scholars, 11 are leaders of movements or organizations.[12]
The highest-ranking American (and highest-ranking convert) at 38th place was Sheikh Hamza Yusuf Hanson, founder of the Zaytuna Institute in Berkeley, California. Right after him comes the highest-ranking European, Sheikh Mustafa Cerić, grand mufti of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[15]
In total 72 Americans are among the 500, a disproportionately strong showing.[12]Timothy Winter (Abdal Hakim Murad) was the highest ranked British Muslim, in an unspecified position between 51st and 60th, considerably higher than the three other British people who made the list – the Conservative Party chairman Baroness Sayeeda Warsi; the UK's first Muslim life peer, Lord Nazir Ahmed; and Dr Anas Al Shaikh Ali, director of the International Institute of Islamic Thought.[16]
The women featured had a separate section from the men.[5] There were only three women listed in the top 50. Sheikha Munira al-Qubaysi (number 21), an educator of girls and women; Queen Rania of Jordan (number 37), who promotes global education; and Sheikha Mozah bint Nasser Al Missned of Qatar (number 38), who is chairwoman of the Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development.[11]
Foreign Policy magazine's Marc Lynch stated, "Esposito and Kalin's methodology seems strange. Any list in which the Sultan of Oman (Qaboos bin Said al Said, who was sixth) outranks, say, Turkish preacher Fethullah Gülen (placed 13th) or the Aga Khan (Aga Khan IV, who was placed 20th) seems odd to this observer..."[17]
2011 edition
In 2011, achievements of a lifetime were given more weight than achievements within the current year. which meant that the lists of names were going to change gradually, rather than dramatically, year-on-year. The Arab Spring had no impact on Saudi King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia's influence, it had boosted King Mohammed VI of Morocco's influence, who moved up to second place, and it had no effect on Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan who came in third place.[2]
Erdoğan was expected by many to receive the top spot in light of the Arab Spring. Erdoğan was credited with Turkey's "Muslim democracy", and was seen as the leader of a country that, as the Brookings Institution said, "played the 'most constructive' role in the Arab events."[18]
Emir of Qatar Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani influence rose during the Arab Spring, moving him to sixth place. He had driven much of the Arab Spring through the coverage given by Al Jazeera, given financial support to protesters and political support to Libya, making him arguably the biggest enabler of the Arab Spring.[19]
There were more Muslims from America than any other country again with 41 spots on the 500 list. Countries with the next highest number of names were Egypt, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom, with 25 Muslims each, followed by Indonesia, with 24.[20] It lists the winners according to 13 categories, including spiritual guides, Quran reciters, scholars, politicians, celebrities, sports figures, radicals, and media leaders.[1][21]
For the fourth year running, Saudi King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz topped the list. He was followed by Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan at second place.[14] Erdoğan's advance gave him advantage over Moroccan King Mohammed VI who took the third place. Fourth place went to Dr Mohammed Badie, whose name appeared in the top 10 for the first time. He was followed by Qatari Emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani who took the fifth place. Sheikh Al-Azhar Dr. Ahmad el-Tayeb and prominent Islamic scholar Dr. Yusuf al-Qaradawi who is President of Global Association of Muslim Scholars, also made it to the top 10 ranks.[10]
2013/2014 edition
In 2013, the list was edited once again by Professor Emeritus S. Abdallah Schleifer of the American University in Cairo.[22]
The top of the list went to Sheikh Ahmed el-Tayeb, the Grand Sheikh of the Al Azhar University for the prominent role played by him in Egypt's troubled democratic transition.[23] His astute decision making over the past couple of years has preserved the traditional approach of Al-Azhar which faced threats from Islamists and Salafis in the years that have followed Mubarak's fall.[24] His public support of General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi's coup also gave it a strong religious grounding that was necessary for it to achieve the legitimacy needed to prevent a civil war, effectively making him a "king-maker" and cementing his place at the top of the list.[22] He was followed on the listing by Saudi King Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz Al-Saud and Iranian Grand Leader Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Khamenei.[23]
Reflective of the wider trajectory of the Arab Spring, this year's list showed a decline in influence from Muslim Brotherhood associated figures Dr Mohammed Badie, Sheikh Yusuf al Qaradawi and ousted Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi. Coup kingpin General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi who was previously unlisted now ranks at 29.[23]
In 2014, the chief editor of the list was again Professor S Abdallah Schleifer. The top spot went back to Saudi King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz al-Saud, due to his being the "absolute monarch of the most powerful Arab nation." The list accords him the place in light of Saudi Arabia being home to Islam's two holy cities of Makkah and Madinah, which millions of Muslims visit throughout the year, as well as the kingdom's oil exports. Rounding out the top three are Dr Muhammad Ahmed al-Tayeb, grand sheikh of Al-Azhar University and grand imam of Al-Azhar mosque, and Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. The top nine are all political leaders and royals, including Morocco's King Mohammed VI and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.[25]
The top 50 fit into six broad categories: 12 are political leaders (kings, generals, presidents), four are spiritual leaders (Sufi shaykhs), 14 are national or international religious authorities, three are "preachers", six are high-level scholars, 11 are leaders of movements or organizations. In total 72 Americans are among the 500 most influential Muslims, a disproportionately strong showing, but only one among the top 50, Sheikh Hamza Yusuf Hanson of Zaytuna Institute listed at number 38.[12]
2016 edition
In 2015, the top 50 was again dominated by religious scholars and heads of state. The top five, was King Abdullah of Jordan; Ahmed el-Tayeb, the grand sheikh of Egypt's Al-Azhar University; King Salman of Saudi Arabia; Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei; and King Mohammed VI of Morocco. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan came in at Number eight, but surprisingly Syrian President Bashar al-Assad did not make the Top 50 this year or last, though he is still listed in the 500. The prime minister of Iraq did not make the list, but Iraq's Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Hussein Sistani did, coming in at number nine.[26]
There were 32 newcomers to the 2016 list.[26] 22 Indians featured on the list.[27][28][29] As in past years, there continued to be more Muslims from the United States than any other country. Since at least 2012, the U.S. has outpaced nations with a far larger Muslim population, with at least 40 notable people of influence, with Pakistan (33), Saudi Arabia (32), Egypt (27) and the UK (27).[26]
Leading scholar of Islamic jurisprudence who is considered to be the intellectual leader of the Deobandi movement. Veteran figure of Islamic banking and finance.
^Schleifer, Abdallah, ed. (2018). The Muslim 500 : the world's 500 most influential Muslims, 2019 : with cumulative rankings over ten years (10th Anniversary ed.). Amann, Jordan: The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre. ISBN9789957635343. OCLC1089929346.
FriendsHenry B. Walthall dan Mary PickfordSutradaraD. W. GriffithDitulis olehD. W. GriffithPemeranMary PickfordHenry B. WalthallLionel BarrymoreHarry CareySinematograferG. W. BitzerDistributorBiographTanggal rilis 23 September 1912 (1912-09-23) Durasi13 menitNegaraAmerika SerikatBahasaFilm bisuIntertitel Inggris Friends adalah sebuah film Amerika Serikat tahun 1912 yang ditulis dan disutradarai oleh D. W. Griffith serta menampilkan Mary Pickford, Henry B. Walthall, Lionel Barrymore, dan ...
Serie C2 1997-1998 Competizione Serie C2 Sport Calcio Edizione 20ª Organizzatore Lega Professionisti Serie C Date dal 31 agosto 1997al 14 giugno 1998 Luogo Italia Partecipanti 54 Formula 3 gironi all'italiana A/R, play-off, playout Risultati Vincitore Varese (2º titolo)SPAL (1º titolo)Marsala (1º titolo) Altre promozioni CittadellaArezzoCrotone Retrocessioni SolbiateseOspitalettoIperzolaTolentinoBisceglieAvezzanoAlbanovaOlbia Statistiche Incontri disputati 945 Cronologia del...
Peta infrastruktur dan tata guna lahan di Komune Saint-Genest-sur-Roselle. = Kawasan perkotaan = Lahan subur = Padang rumput = Lahan pertanaman campuran = Hutan = Vegetasi perdu = Lahan basah = Anak sungaiSaint-Genest-sur-Roselle merupakan sebuah komune di departemen Haute-Vienne di Prancis. Lihat pula Komune di departemen Haute-Vienne Referensi INSEE lbsKomune di departemen Haute-Vienne Aixe-sur-Vienne Ambazac Arnac-la-Poste Augne Aureil Azat-l...
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: BAC Films – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) BAC FilmsIndustryFilm productionFilm distributionFounded1986FounderJean LabadieHeadquartersParis, Washington D.C., France, United StatesAre...
Italian association football player and manager Giovanni Trapattoni Trapattoni as manager of the Republic of Ireland team in 2013Personal informationDate of birth (1939-03-17) 17 March 1939 (age 85)Place of birth Cusano Milanino, Kingdom of ItalyHeight 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in)Position(s) Centre back Defensive midfielderYouth career1953–1959 MilanSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)1959–1971 Milan[1] 274 (3)1971–1972 Varese[3] 10 (0)Total 284 (3)International...
English actor (1893–1964) SirCedric HardwickeOn the radio show Three Thirds of the Nation, 3 June 1942BornCedric Webster Hardwicke(1893-02-19)19 February 1893Lye, Stourbridge, Worcestershire, EnglandDied6 August 1964(1964-08-06) (aged 71)New York City, U.S.OccupationActorYears active1913–1964Spouses Helena Pickard (m. 1928; div. 1948) Mary Scott (m. 1950; div. 1961) Children2,...
José MujicaJosé Mujica Tahun 2009 Presiden Uruguay Ke-40Masa jabatan1 Maret 2010 – 1 Maret 2015Wakil PresidenDanilo AstoriPendahuluTabaré VázquezPenggantiTabaré Vázquez Informasi pribadiLahir20 Mei 1935 (umur 88)Montevideo, UruguayPartai politikBroad FrontSuami/istriLucía TopolanskyProfesiPetaniPolitisiTanda tanganSunting kotak info • L • B José Alberto Mujica Cordano (pengucapan bahasa Spanyol: [xoˈse alˈβerto muˈxika korˈðano], dikenal ju...
Comic book by Edgar P. Jacobs The Yellow “M” (La Marque Jaune)Cover of the English language (Cinebook) editionDate1956SeriesBlake and MortimerPublisherLes Éditions Blake et Mortimer (Dargaud-Lombard)Creative teamWritersEdgar P. JacobsArtistsEdgar P. JacobsOriginal publicationPublished inTintin magazineIssues256 to 322Date of publication6 August 1953 to 3 November 1954LanguageFrenchISBN2-87097-010-2TranslationPublisherCinebook LtdDate2007ISBN978-1-905460-21-2TranslatorClarence E...
2016 film by Travis Knight Kubo and the Two StringsTheatrical release posterDirected byTravis KnightScreenplay by Marc Haimes Chris Butler Story by Shannon Tindle Marc Haimes Produced by Arianne Sutner Travis Knight Starring Charlize Theron Art Parkinson Ralph Fiennes Rooney Mara George Takei Matthew McConaughey CinematographyFrank PassinghamEdited byChristopher MurrieMusic byDario MarianelliProductioncompanyLaikaDistributed byFocus Features (North America)Universal Pictures (International)Re...
Zong Rinpoche in Tibet Zong Rinpoche (1905-1984 AD) was a Gelug Lama and disciple of the third Trijang Rinpoche, junior tutor of the 14th Dalai Lama.[1] He was famous as a sharp analyst and master of philosophical debate, as well as a Tantric practitioner.[2] He was the Abbot of Ganden Shartse monastery. Early life, education, and spiritual lineage Zongtrul Jetsun Losang Tsöndru Thubten Gyaltsen (or Kyabje Zong Rinpoche, as he is known to disciples) was born in 1905 in the vi...
Manganese germanide Structures of left-handed and right-handed MnGe crystals (3 presentations, with different numbers of atoms per unit cell; orange atoms are Ge) Names IUPAC name Manganese germanide Identifiers CAS Number 59125-33-6 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image PubChem CID 57481451 CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID70851985 InChI InChI=1S/Mn.GeKey: WWFYEXUJLWHZEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILES [Mn].[Ge] Properties Chemical formula MnGe Molar mass 127.57 g/mol Magnetic suscept...
Dibujo que muestra un mueble construido para el Templo de Salomón, de una biblia en latín de mediados del siglo XVI. La cita que describe la imagen en el libro dice Descripción del mar, que contenìa gran cantidad de agua Dibujo que muestra un mueble construido para el Templo de Salomón, de una biblia en latín de mediados del siglo XVI. Se trata de donde se colocaba el pan, los platos, las jarras y otros utensilios.La Mesa del Rey Salomón (rey de Israel, 978-931 a. C...
This article is about the men's league. For the women's league, see Women's South Island League (New Zealand). Football leagueSouthern LeagueFounded2021; 3 years ago (2021)Country New ZealandConfederationOFC (Oceania)Number of teams10Level on pyramid2Feeder toNational LeagueRelegation toCanterbury PremiershipNelson Bays PremiershipSouthern PremiershipDomestic cup(s)Chatham CupCurrent championsChristchurch United (2nd title) (2023)Most championshipsChristchurch United (2 titl...
Questa voce sull'argomento calciatori colombiani è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Fabry CastroNazionalità Colombia Altezza183 cm Peso74 kg Calcio RuoloCentrocampista Squadra Atlético Bucaramanga CarrieraSquadre di club1 2013 Deportivo Pasto10 (0)2014 Guarani2 (0)2015-2017 Rayo Majadahonda53 (2)2017-2018 Servette44 (1)2018-2021 PAS Giannina53 (3)2021-2...
Questa voce sull'argomento centri abitati dell'Aragona è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Contaminacomune Contamina – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Spagna Comunità autonoma Aragona Provincia Saragozza TerritorioCoordinate41°18′00″N 1°55′00.12″W41°18′00″N, 1°55′00.12″W (Contamina) Altitudine669 m s.l.m. Superficie13,62 km² Abitanti52 (2001) Densità3,82 ab./km² Comuni confinantiAlhama de ...
Cet article traite de l'équipe masculine. Pour l'équipe féminine, voir Équipe de Grande-Bretagne olympique féminine de football. Équipe de Grande-Bretagne olympique Généralités Association The FABOA Confédération CIO Couleurs blanc et rouge Surnom Team GB Personnalités Plus sélectionné Jim LewisMike Pinner (11)[1] Meilleur buteur Will Campbell (10)[1] Rencontres officielles historiques Premier match Grande-Bretagne 12 - 1 Suède(20 octobre 1908) Plus large victoire Grande-Breta...
_(cropped).jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
