Selenium oxydichloride

Selenium oxydichloride
Structure of the selenium oxydichloride molecule	3D model of the selenium oxydichloride molecule
Names
	IUPAC name Selenium oxychloride
	Other names Seleninyl chloride
Identifiers
CAS Number	7791-23-3 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	23049 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.313
EC Number	232-244-0;
PubChem CID	24647;
RTECS number	VS7000000;
UNII	1G57T5401W ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID50884438 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/Cl2OSe/c1-4(2)3 Key: LIRMPIXWGWLNND-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/Cl2OSe/c1-4(2)3 Key: LIRMPIXWGWLNND-UHFFFAOYAX;
	SMILES O=[Se](Cl)Cl;
Properties
Chemical formula	SeOCl2
Molar mass	165.87 g/mol
Appearance	colorless liquid
Density	2.43 g/cm3, liquid
Melting point	10.9 °C (51.6 °F; 284.0 K)
Boiling point	177.2 °C (351.0 °F; 450.3 K)
Refractive index (nD)	1.651 (20 °C)
Structure
Molecular shape	trigonal pyramidal
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H301, H314, H331, H373, H410
Precautionary statements	P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P311, P314, P321, P330, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	3 0 1
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LDLo (lowest published)	2 mg/kg (rabbit, dermal)
Related compounds
Related compounds	SOCl2, POCl3
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Selenium oxydichloride is the inorganic compound with the formula SeOCl₂. It is a colorless liquid. With a high dielectric constant (55) and high specific conductance, it is an attractive solvent. Structurally, it is a close chemical relative of thionyl chloride SOCl₂, being a pyramidal molecule.

Preparation and reactions

Selenium oxydichloride can be prepared by several methods, and a common one involves the conversion of selenium dioxide to dichloroselenious acid followed by dehydration:^[3]

SeO₂ + 2 HCl → Se(OH)₂Cl₂

Se(OH)₂Cl₂ → SeOCl₂ + H₂O

The original synthesis involved the redistribution reaction of selenium dioxide and selenium tetrachloride.

Pure selenium oxydichloride autoionizes to a dimer:^[4]

SeOCl₂ ↔ (SeO)₂Cl⁺
₃ + Cl⁻

The SeOCl₂ is generally a labile Lewis acid and solutions of sulfur trioxide in SeOCl₂ likely form [SeOCl]⁺[SO₃Cl]⁻ the same way.^[5]

The compound hydrolyzes readily to form hydrogen chloride and selenium dioxide,^{[citation needed]} and very few organic compounds dissolve in it without reaction. At elevated temperatures, it is a strong oxidizer, yielding a chloride, selenium dioxide, and diselenium dichloride.^[6]

References

^ "Selenium compounds (as Se)". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ "Selenium oxychloride". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
^ Smith, G. B. L.; Jackson, Julius (1950). "Selenium(IV) Oxychloride". Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 3. pp. 130–137. doi:10.1002/9780470132340.ch34. ISBN 9780470132340. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
^ Audrieth & Kleinberg 1953, p. 237.
^ Audrieth & Kleinberg 1953, pp. 239–242.
^ Audrieth, Ludwig F.; Kleinberg, Jacob (1953). Non-aqueous solvents. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 235–6. LCCN 52-12057.

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[1] "Selenium compounds (as Se)". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[2] "Selenium oxychloride". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2021.

[3] Smith, G. B. L.; Jackson, Julius (1950). "Selenium(IV) Oxychloride". Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 3. pp. 130–137. doi:10.1002/9780470132340.ch34. ISBN 9780470132340. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)

[FOOTNOTEAudriethKleinberg1953237-4] Audrieth & Kleinberg 1953, p. 237.

[FOOTNOTEAudriethKleinberg1953239–242-5] Audrieth & Kleinberg 1953, pp. 239–242.

[6] Audrieth, Ludwig F.; Kleinberg, Jacob (1953). Non-aqueous solvents. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 235–6. LCCN 52-12057.

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Selenium oxydichloride

Preparation and reactions

See also

References

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