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The Right Honourable
Said Wilbert Musa
The Right Honourable Said Wilbert Musa
	Said Musa in 2007
3rd Prime Minister of Belize
	In office; 28 August 1998 – 8 February 2008
Monarch	Elizabeth II
Governor‑General	Colville Young
Deputy	Johnny Briceño ; Juan Vildo Marin
Preceded by	Manuel Esquivel
Succeeded by	Dean Barrow
Leader of the Opposition
	In office; 8 February 2008 – 30 March 2008
Monarch	Elizabeth II
Governor‑General	Colville Young
Prime Minister	Dean Barrow
Preceded by	Dean Barrow
Succeeded by	Johnny Briceño
	In office; 10 November 1996 – 30 August 1998
Monarch	Elizabeth II
Governor‑General	Colville Young
Prime Minister	Manuel Esquivel
Preceded by	George Cadle Price
Succeeded by	Dean Barrow
Member of the Belize House of Representatives for Fort George
	In office; 4 September 1989 – 12 November 2020
Preceded by	Dean Lindo
Succeeded by	Henry Usher
	In office; 21 November 1979 – 14 December 1984
Preceded by	Dean Lindo
Succeeded by	Dean Lindo
Personal details
Born	19 March 1944 (age 80); San Ignacio, British Honduras; (now Belize)
Political party	People's United Party
Spouse	Joan Musa
Residence(s)	Belize City, Belize
Profession	Lawyer

Said Wilbert Musa (/sɑːˈiːd ˈmuːsɑː/ ^ⓘ, born 19 March 1944) is a Belizean lawyer and politician. He was the third prime minister of Belize from 28 August 1998 to 8 February 2008.^[1]

Early life and education

Said Wilbert Musa was born in 1944 in San Ignacio in the Cayo District of what was then British Honduras. He was the fourth of eight children by Aurora Musa, née Gibbs, and Hamid Musa, a Palestinian immigrant from Al-Bireh. Hamid Musa was also involved in politics, running for the British Honduras Legislative Assembly as a National Party candidate in the 1957 general elections.^[2]^[3]

As a boy, Musa attended Saint Andrew's Primary School in San Ignacio. He then attended high school at St Michael's College in Belize City and later St John's College Sixth Form. While living in Belize City, Said Musa aided his parents by selling tamales and other Belizean delicacies. After completing secondary school he then studied law at the University of Manchester in England, receiving an Honours Degree in Law in 1966, and then qualified as a barrister at Gray's Inn. He returned to Belize the following year, serving as crown counsel and then going into private practice. Said Musa has significantly contributed to law in Belize by representing thousands of underprivileged and poor individuals who come into contact with the law.

Political career

Musa first came to notoriety in the late 1960s when he co-founded the Ad Hoc Committee for the Truth About Vietnam with Assad Shoman to protest the Vietnam War in British Honduras. On 1 January 1969 the group protested a showing of the American film The Green Berets in Belize City, which it characterized as pro-war propaganda.^[4]

Musa joined the People's United Party (PUP) under George Cadle Price in 1970. He soon became a leader of the party's socialist wing in 1974. He ran for the Belize House of Representatives for the first time in 1974 in the eastern Belize City-based Fort George constituency, but was narrowly defeated by United Democratic Party and Opposition Leader Dean Lindo by 46 votes. Musa was appointed to the Belize Senate for the ensuing term, until 1979.^[5]

Musa was successful in the next general election, held in 1979, winning the Fort George seat and defeating Lindo by a margin of 71 votes.^[6] Musa served as Attorney General and Minister for Economic Development in the 1979–1984 Price-led government. Musa also served on the committee that wrote the 1981 Constitution of Belize.

Musa defended Belize's large national debt, mostly incurred in the 1980s, by saying Keynesian economics was being used: "The economy was in a deep recession, the country was broke (due to hurricanes) therefore it had to get the private sector moving again. The country started a major expansionary program ... to pay for the program we took on a lot of debt."^[7]

In the 1984 election, Musa was defeated for re-election by Lindo, losing by a margin of 57 votes this time. He regained the Fort George seat in the 1989 election, defeating Lindo again by 449 votes. He has won the Fort George constituency in every election since.^[6] Under Price, Musa was Minister of Foreign Affairs and Education from 1989 to 1993.

As of July 2016 Musa has contested 10 consecutive general elections in Fort George and has continuously served as his party's standard bearer in the same constituency for over 40 years, longer than anyone else in Belizean history. (Price was a standard bearer for 49 years, but in three different constituencies). He also trails only Price and Philip Goldson in total time served in the Belize House. Musa is the only current Area Representative to serve in the Belize House before the country's full independence from Great Britain in September 1981.

Leader of the People's United Party and Prime Minister of Belize

Musa was elected and took over leadership of the PUP upon Price's retirement from party leadership in 1996, defeating Price's longtime lieutenant Florencio Marin in the leadership election in 1996.^[8] Musa then led the PUP to landslide election victories in 1998 and 2003.

Musa led Belize to significant growth over his near-decade long term in office, but his popularity declined during his last years in office due in part to increasing public perception of corruption among his Cabinet and within his party.^[9]^[10] He was also accused of abandoning his previous socialist stances in favour of neoliberal policies as prime minister.^[11]

Outside of Belize Musa chaired several regional organisations, including CARICOM and the Central American Integration System (SICA).

Musa again led the PUP in the election held on 7 February 2008, but the PUP suffered a severe defeat at the hands of the UDP, led by Dean Barrow winning only six out of 31 seats.^[12] Musa himself was re-elected in the Fort George constituency.^[6]^[13] UDP leader Dean Barrow succeeded Musa and was sworn in as 4th prime minister of Belize by Governor-General of Belize, Colville Young on 8 February 2008.^[12]

Post-leadership

On the day of the 2008 election, Musa stated it would be his last election as PUP leader.^[6]^[14] After the PUP's defeat, he congratulated Barrow. He considered the opposition's focus on allegations of corruption and negativity from the media to be primary factors in the defeat.^[14]

On 13 February 2008, Musa announced that he was stepping down as party leader^[6]^[15] so that the PUP could "renew itself from the top."^[15] The PUP held a convention on 30 March 2008 to select his successor, and Johnny Briceño was elected as PUP leader against Francis Fonseca.^[16]

A leadership election was held in October 2011 again where, Francis Fonseca defeated Briceno. Briceño was replaced by Francis Fonseca in October 2011. Five months later the Fonseca-led PUP suffered a narrow defeat to the UDP, winning 14 of 31 seats in the Belize House of Representatives. Musa was comfortably re-elected in his Fort George constituency and remains the senior member and shadow Senior Minister of the PUP caucus and in the Shadow Cabinet which was formed first in 2012 and then again in 2015. The current Shadow Cabinet of Francis Fonseca will be dissolved before the Next Belizean general election which is scheduled for 13 February 2020.

2015 and beyond

In 2015 the 71-year-old Musa was the subject of rumours of possible retirement from public life due to health concerns and a perceived negative impact on future PUP electoral prospects nationwide. However, Musa dismissed the rumours and stated his retirement from the Belize House was not imminent. In March 2015 Musa told Tropical Vision Limited that he would "more than likely" run for an eighth and final term in the 2015 election, which he won.^[17]^[18]

Although eligible to stand in an 11th consecutive general election, Musa stood down at the 2020 Belizean general election. The PUP nominated his son Henry Charles Usher to stand in his place in Fort George Constituency. He won the seat in the election.

Family

Musa is married to Joan Musa.^[19] His son, Yasser Musa, is an artist, teacher, poet and entertainer in Belize and headed its arts council, the National Institute of Culture and History (NICH) under the PUP administration in addition to serving as chief of public relations for the PUP. Another son, Kareem, recently returned to Belize with a law degree and has taken on a number of prominent cases recently.

In what was considered an upset, Kareem Musa defeated Belize City mayor and UDP nominee Darrell Bradley for the House seat in the Caribbean Shores constituency in the November 2015 election, becoming the first Belizean area representative to simultaneously serve with his father.^[20]

Musa and his wife Joan also have three other sons, Mark Musa (a doctor), Said Musa Jr and David Musa. He also has seven children outside his marriage.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ "Said Musa: PM of Belize". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
^ "Election Results 1957". Belize Elections and Boundaries Commission. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
^ Guttman, Nathan (1 October 2001). "From El Bireh to Belize". Haaretz. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
^ Hyde, Evan X (24 October 2008). "From The Publisher". Amandala. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
^ Hyde, Evan X (4 March 2014). "From The Publisher". Amandala. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Ramos, Adele (15 February 2008). "Musa and Ralph step down – PUP D-day March 30!". Amandala Online. Archived from the original on 8 February 2012.
^ Rosenberg, Mica (7 August 2006). "Belize promises market-friendly debt restructuring". Kitkatta.net. Reuters. Archived from the original on 8 July 2008. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
^ "Rt. Hon. George Cadle Price – a legend". Krem Radio. 24 September 2011. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
^ Labelle, Hugette (25 September 2007). "Persistent corruption in low-income countries requires global action". Transparency International. Archived from the original on 23 July 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2016. Countries with a significant worsening in perceived levels of corruption in 2007 include Austria, Bahrain, Belize...
^ "People's National Party to contest election in 2008". News 5. 12 February 2007. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2016. Of note is the fact that all three third parties are running on a platform of anti-corruption.
^ Hyde, Evan X (11 December 2012). "From The Publisher". Amandala. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Belize's opposition party wins landslide in congressional elections". International Herald Tribune. Associated Press. 9 February 2008. Archived from the original on 3 June 2008.
^ "CONFIRMED WINNERS". Amandala Online. 8 February 2008. Archived from the original on 22 May 2011.
^ ^a ^b Ramos, Adele (12 February 2008). "Said Musa's post-mortem of general elections 2008". Amandala Online. Archived from the original on 8 February 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Former Belize prime minister steps down as party leader". Caribbean Net News. 14 February 2008. Archived from the original on 23 April 2008.
^ "Johnny stuns Francis in 'Pan!". Amandala Online. 1 April 2008. Archived from the original on 22 May 2011.
^ "Rt. Hon. Musa Won't Retire Anytime Soon". Tropical Vision Limited. 7 May 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
^ "Rt. Hon Musa & Hon. Finnegan, Ready For The Road, But Not Ready To Retire". Tropical Vision Limited. 6 March 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
^ "House of former Prime Minister, Said Musa, riddled with bullets". News 5. 16 January 2013. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013.
^ "Standard Bearers". People's United Party. Archived from the original on 9 April 2014. Retrieved 27 December 2014.

Assembly seats
Preceded by Dean Lindo	Member of the Belize House of Representatives for Fort George 1979–1984	Succeeded by Dean Lindo
Preceded by Dean Lindo	Member of the Belize House of Representatives for Fort George 1989–2020	Succeeded by Henry Usher
Political offices
Preceded by George Cadle Price	Leader of the Opposition 1996–1998	Succeeded by Dean Barrow
Preceded by Manuel Esquivel	Prime Minister of Belize 1998–2008	Succeeded by Dean Barrow
Preceded by Dean Barrow	Leader of the Opposition 2008	Succeeded by Johnny Briceño
Party political offices
Preceded by George Cadle Price	Leader of the People's United Party 1996–2008	Succeeded by Johnny Briceño