SS La Provence
SS La Provence was an ocean liner and auxiliary cruiser torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea on 26 February 1916.[3] She belonged to the French Compagnie Générale Transatlantique. When launched on 21 March 1905 in a ceremony attended by the Ministers of Public Works and Commerce along with the First Secretary of Marine, La Provence was the largest ship in the French merchant marine and the largest built in France.[1] La ProvenceLa Provence was 191 metres (626 ft 8 in) long overall with a 19.8-metre (65 ft 0 in) beam and, at design draught of 8.15 metres (26 ft 9 in), limited for the relatively shallow harbor of Le Havre from which the ship was to operate, displaced 19,190 metric tons (18,890 long tons) or 18,870 gross register tons (GRT).[1][2] A proposal to power the ship with steam turbines was rejected and two conventional triple expansion steam engines chosen instead driving two screws with 30,000 indicated horsepower (22,000 kW) for an expected speed of 23 knots (43 km/h; 26 mph).[1][4] Four steam driven dynamos supplied electric power.[5] The ship was designed with accommodation for 397 first class, 205 second class and 900 third class passengers served by 435 crew members for a total of 1,937 persons.[2] The ship operated on the Le Havre—New York route, making one crossing in six days and four hours for an average of 21.63 knots (40.06 km/h; 24.89 mph).[6] Armed merchant cruiser Provence IIThe ship was taken over by the French government to become the French Navy's Provence II, an armed merchant cruiser that was converted to a troopship in order to support the Gallipoli Campaign and Macedonian campaign in World War I.[6][7][8][9] Provence II was transporting troops from France to Salonika when she was sunk by the German U-boat U-35 commanded by Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière south of Cape Matapan.[8] The ship listed so quickly that many of the lifeboats could not be used. There were 742 survivors. Nearly 1,000 people were killed in the sinking.[10] Contemporary reports from Paris indicated nearly 4,000 persons aboard and 3,130 lives lost.[11] Modern accounts of losses revise those numbers downward to about 1,700 troops aboard and under 1,000 lost.[9] The wartime reports from Paris for losses in this one sinking are quite close to the total, 3,180, for three troop ships sunk in connection with the Salonika troop movements: Provence II, Gallia (October 1916) and Amiral Magon (Januari 1917).[12] The Sydney Morning Herald for 8 March 1916, and several other English-language papers, reported:
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