Prime Minister of Portugal

Prime Minister of the
Portuguese Republic
Prime Minister of the; Portuguese Republic
Primeiro-Ministro da; República Portuguesa
	Government logo
	Flag of the prime minister
	Incumbent; Luís Montenegro; since 2 April 2024
	Council of Ministers of Portugal; Government of Portugal
Style	Mr Prime Minister (informal); His Excellency (diplomatic)
Type	Head of government
Member of	Council of State; Council of Ministers; European Council;
Residence	São Bento Mansion
Seat	Lisbon, Portugal
Appointer	President
Term length	No term limit
Inaugural holder	Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1st Duke of Palmela
Formation	24 September 1834; 189 years ago
Salary	€70,023.52 annually
Website	portugal.gov.pt

The prime minister of Portugal (Portuguese: primeiro-ministro; pronounced [pɾiˈmɐjɾu miˈniʃtɾu]) is the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the prime minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of state, is accountable to parliament and keeps the president informed. The prime minister can hold the role of head of government with the portfolio of one or more ministries. As Portugal is a semi-presidential parliamentary republic, the prime minister is the country's leading political figure and de facto chief executive.

There is no limit to the number of terms a person can serve as prime minister. The prime minister is appointed by the president following legislative elections, after having heard the parties represented in the parliament. Usually, the person named is the leader of the largest party in the previous election, but there have been exceptions over the years.

History

Since the Middle Ages, some officers of the Portuguese Crown gained precedence over the others, serving as a kind of prime ministers. Over time, the role of principal officer of the Crown fell upon the chanceler-mor (chancellor), the mordomo-mor (mayor of the palace) and the escrivão da puridade (king's private secretary).

The first modern prime minister of Portugal was Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1st Duke of Palmela, who was sworn in on 24 September 1834, as Presidente do Conselho de Ministros (President of the Council of Ministers). In 1911, the official title of the prime minister became Presidente do Ministério (President of the Ministry). In 1933, it became again Presidente do Conselho de Ministros.

The present title Primeiro-Ministro (Prime Minister), attributed to the head of the Government of Portugal, was officially established by the Constitution of 1976 after the revolution of 25 April 1974

Officeholders

The incumbent prime minister of Portugal is Luís Montenegro, who took office on 2 April 2024 as the 14th prime minister of the Third Portuguese Republic.^[2] The official residence of the prime minister is a mansion next to São Bento Palace, which, in confusion, is also often called "São Bento Palace".

Portuguese prime ministers of the Third Portuguese Republic:

1st Mário Soares (two terms);
2nd Alfredo Nobre da Costa;
3rd Carlos Mota Pinto;
4th Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo;
5th Francisco Sá Carneiro;
(interim) Diogo Freitas do Amaral – Deputy Prime Minister;
6th Francisco Pinto Balsemão (two terms);
1st Mário Soares (third term);
7th Aníbal Cavaco Silva (three terms);
8th António Guterres (two terms);
9th José Manuel Barroso;
10th Pedro Santana Lopes;
11th José Sócrates (two terms);
12th Passos Coelho (two terms);
13th António Costa (three terms);
14th Luís Montenegro;

Prime minister's residence

Facade of the São Bento Mansion.
Interior of the Mansion.

Just behind the main building of the Assembly of the Republic, there is a mansion that serves as residence and office for the prime minister of Portugal. The mansion, dated from 1877, was built within the garden of the old monastery that held the Portuguese parliament. It has been the prime minister's official residence since 1938, when Salazar moved in. Although it is the official residence of the prime minister, not all incumbents have lived in the mansion during their term in office.

List of prime ministers of Portugal

Term of office in years

Graphical timeline (since 1976)

Historical rankings of prime ministers

In 2012 and 2014 newspaper i and the polling agency Pitagórica conducted polls asking for the best Portuguese prime minister among the seven most recent ones (i.e. in the previous 30 years). The results revealed that the public clearly separated the seven evaluated prime ministers between the three best ones (each receiving more than 20% of the votes) and the four worst (each receiving from 4 to 8% of the votes).^[3]^[4] In both polls, António Guterres (1995–2002) ranked as the best prime minister. Mário Soares (1976–78 and 1983–85) and Aníbal Cavaco Silva (1985–95) were also among the best prime ministers. On the other hand, José Manuel Durão Barroso (2002–04), Pedro Santana Lopes (2004–05), José Sócrates (2005–11) and Pedro Passos Coelho (2011–15, incumbent at the time of the polls) ranked as the worst prime ministers. Pedro Santana Lopes was ranked the worst in the 2012 poll^[5] while Barroso ranked as the worst in the 2014 one.^[4] Together, the three best prime ministers ruled Portugal uninterruptedly from 1983 to 2002, while the four worst ruled from 2002 to 2015.

Rankings of prime ministers
Prime Minister	Party	Tenure	2012 Pitagórica^[6]	2014 Pitagórica^[5]
António Guterres	PS	1995–2002	26.8%	24.2%
Mário Soares	PS	1976–1978 1983–1985	22.7%	23.9%
Aníbal Cavaco Silva	PSD	1985–1995	23.7%	23.6%
José Sócrates	PS	2005–2011	6.2%	7.7%
Pedro Santana Lopes	PSD	2004–2005	4.0%	6.9%
Pedro Passos Coelho	PSD	2011–2015	8.4%	6.8%
José Manuel Durão Barroso	PSD	2002–2004	8.1%	6.7%

References

^ Miguel Santos (23 September 2015). "E agora um tema sensível: os políticos são mal pagos?". Observador (in Portuguese). Lisbon. Retrieved 12 October 2016. O mesmo se aplica ao primeiro-ministro: este ano, Pedro Passos Coelho recebe um salário mensal de 5.001,68 euros brutos, menos 12% do que recebia em 2010, antes dos cortes.
^ "Presidente deu posse ao primeiro-ministro e ministros do XXIV Governo Constitucional" [President swears in the Prime Minister and ministers of the XXIV Constitutional Government] (in Portuguese). 2 April 2024.
^ "E o prémio de melhor primeiro-ministro português vai para..." [And the award for the best Portuguese Prime Minister goes to...] (in Portuguese). Notícias ao Minuto. 28 November 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
^ ^a ^b "António Guterres o melhor primeiro-ministro da democracia e Durão Barroso o pior" [Guterres was the best Prime Minister of the democracy and Durão Barroso was the worst] (in Portuguese). i. 10 April 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
^ ^a ^b "Barómetro Pitagórica Março 2014" (in Portuguese). 1 April 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
^ "Barómetro Pitagórica Novembro 2012" (in Portuguese). 26 November 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2024.