National Book Award for Poetry

National Book Award for Poetry
Awarded forOutstanding poetry work by U.S. citizens.
LocationNew York City
Reward(s)$10,000 USD (winner)
$1,000 USD (finalists)
First awarded1967–1983, 1991
WebsiteNational Book Foundation

The National Book Award for Poetry is one of five annual National Book Awards, which are given by the National Book Foundation to recognize outstanding literary work by US citizens. They are awards "by writers to writers".[1] The judging panel is made up of five "writers who are known to be doing great work in their genre or field".[2]

The category for Poetry was established in 1950 and has been awarded annually apart from the period 1984 to 1990.[3]

The Poetry award and many others were eliminated from the program when it was revamped in 1984. It was restored in 1991, for current-year publications, with a standard five finalists announced a few weeks prior to the main event.

The award recognizes one book written by a US citizen and published in the US from December 1 of the previous year to November 30 in the award year. The National Book Foundation accepts nominations from publishers until June 15, requires mailing nominated books to the panelists by August 1, and announces five finalists in October. The winner is announced on the day of the final ceremony in November. The award is $10,000 and a bronze sculpture; other finalists receive $1000, a medal, and a citation written by the panel.[4]

There were 148 nominations for the 2010 award.[5] This had risen to 299 submissions by 2024.[6]

Winners and Nominees

† marks winners of the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry[7]

* marks finalists of the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry[7]

National Book Award for Poetry winners, finalists, and longlisted entries
Year Author Title(s) Result
1950 William Carlos Williams Paterson: Book Three and Selected Poems (two books) Winner[8]
1951 Wallace Stevens The Auroras of Autumn Winner
1952[9] Marianne Moore Collected Poems † Winner
W. H. Auden Nones Finalist
William Rose Benèt The Spirit of the Scene
Richard Eberhart Selected Poems
Horace Gregory Selected Poems of Horace Gregory
Randall Jarrell The Seven-League Crutches
Theodore Roethke Praise to the End!
Muriel Rukeyser Selected Poems
William Carlos Williams Paterson: Book Four
Collected Earlier Poems
1953[10] Archibald MacLeish Collected Poems, 1917–1952 † Winner
Stanley Burnshaw Early and Late Testament Finalist
Thomas H. Ferril New and Selected Poems
Robert Hillyer The Suburb by the Sea
Ernest Kroll Cape Horns and Other Poems
W. S. Merwin A Mask For Janus
Byron H. Reece A Song of Joy
Naomi Replansky Ring Song
Kenneth Rexroth The Dragon and the Unicorn
Jesse Stuart Kentucky is My Land
Ridgley Torrence Poems
Peter Viereck First Morning: First Poems
1954 Conrad Aiken Collected Poems Winner
1955[11] Wallace Stevens The Collected Poems of Wallace Stevens † Winner
Léonie Adams Poems: A Selection Finalist
Louise Brogan Collected Poems, 1923–1953
E. E. Cummings Poems, 1923–1954
Robinson Jeffers Hungerfield and Other Poems
Archibald MacLeish Songs for Eve
Phyllis McGinley The Love Letters of Phyllis McGinley
Merrill Moore The Verse Diary of a Psychiatrist
LeRoy Smith A Character Invented
May Swenson Another Animal
William Carlos Williams The Desert Music and Other Poems
Marya Zaturenska Selected Poems
1956[12] W. H. Auden The Shield of Achilles Winner
Elizabeth Bishop Poems, North and South† Finalist
John Ciardi As If
Isabella Gardner Birthdays from the Ocean
Donald Hall Exiles and Marriages
Randall Jarrell Selected Poems
Adrienne Rich The Diamond Cutters
William Carlos Williams Journey to Love
1957[13] Richard Wilbur Things of This World † Winner
Egar Bowers The Form of Loss Finalist
Leah Bodine Drake This Tilting Dust
Charles E. Eaton Greenhouse in the Garden
Kenneth Fearing New and Selected Poems
Robert Fitzgerald In the Rose of Time: Poems, 1939–1956
Katherine Hoskins Villa Narcisse
Rolph Humphries Green Armor on Green Ground
Joseph Langland Poems in POEMS OF TODAY, III
Anne Morrow Lindbergh The Unicorn
W. S. Merwin Green with Beasts
Marianne Moore Like a Bulwark
Ezra Pound Section: Rock Drill
Kenneth Rexroth In Defense of the Earth
John Hall Wheelock Poems of Old and New
1958[14] Robert Penn Warren Promises: Poems, 1954–1956 † Winner
Daniel Berrigan Time without Number Finalist
Phillip Booth Letter from a Distant Land
Edwin G. Burrows The Arctic Tern
Hilda Doolittle The Selected Poems of H.D.
Richard Eberhart Great Praises
Richmond Lattimore Poems
Howard Moss Swimmer in the Air
May Sarton In Time Like Air
Eli Siegel Hot Afternoons Have Been in Montana
William Jay Smith Poems: 1947–1957
Wallace Stevens Opus Posthumous
James Wright The Green Wall
1959[15] Theodore Roethke Words for the Wind: Poems of Theodore Roethke Winner
John Ciardi I Marry You Finalist
E. E. Cummings Selected Poems, 1923–1958
Archibald MacLeish J.B.
Howard Nemerov Mirrors and Windows
Theodore Roethke Collected Poems
Karl Shapiro Poems of a Jew
May Swenson A Cage of Spines
William Carlos Williams Paterson: Book Five
1960[16] Robert Lowell Life Studies Winner
1961[17] Randall Jarrell The Woman at the Washington Zoo: Poems and Translations Winner
W. H. Auden Homage to Clio Finalist
J. V. Cunningham The Exclusions of Rhyme
Robert Duncan The Opening of the Field
Richard Eberhart Collected Poems
Donald Justice The Summer Anniversaries
Howard Nemerov New and Selected Poems
John Frederick Nims Knowledge of the Evening
Anne Sexton To Bedlam and Part Way Back
George Starbuck Bone Thoughts
Eleanor Ross Taylor Wilderness of Ladies
Theodore Weiss Outlanders
Yvor Winters Collected Poems
1962[18] Alan Dugan Poems † Winner
Robert Bagg Madonna of the Cello Finalist
Phillip Booth The Islanders
John Ciardi In the Stoneworks
Hilda Doolittle Helen in Egypt
Abbie Huston Evans Faces of Crystal
Isabella Gardner The Looking Glass
Horace Gregory Medusa in Gramercy Park
John Holmes The Fortune Teller
Denise Levertov The Jacob's Ladder
Ned O'Gorman Adam Before His Mirror
John Hall Wheelock The Gardner and other Poems
1963[19] William Stafford Traveling Through the Dark Winner
Robert Creeley For Love Finalist
Donald F. Drummond The Drawbridge
Robert Frost In the Clearing
Kenneth Koch Thank You and Other Poems
Howard Nemerov The Next Room of the Dream
Winfield T. Scott Collected Poems
Anne Sexton All My Pretty Ones
William Carlos Williams Pictures from Brueghel †
1964[20] John Crowe Ransom Selected Poems Winner
W. S. Merwin The Moving Target Finalist
Louis Simpson At the End of the Open Road †
May Swenson To Mix With Time
1965[21] Theodore Roethke The Far Field (posth.) Winner
Ben Belitt The Enemy Joy Finalist
John Berryman 77 Dream Songs †
James Dickey Helmets
Galway Kinnell Flower Herding on Mount Monadnock
Robert Lowell For the Union Dead
William Meredith The Wreck of the Thresher
1966[22] James Dickey Buckdancer's Choice: Poems Winner
W. H. Auden About the House Finalist
Elizabeth Bishop Questions of Travel
Richard Eberhart Selected Poems (1930–1965) †
Irving Feldman The Pripet Marshes
Randall Jarrell The Lost World
Louis Simpson Selected Poems
1967[23] James Merrill Nights and Days Winner
John Ashbery Rivers and Mountains Finalist
Barbara Howes Looking Up at the Leaves
Marianne Moore Tell Me, Tell Me
Adrienne Rich Necessities of Life
William Jay Smith The Tin Can and Other Poems
1968[24] Robert Bly The Light Around the Body Winner
Theodosius Dobzhansky The Biology of Ultimate Concern Finalist
Denise Levertov The Sorrow Dance
W. S. Merwin The Lice
Kenneth Rexroth Complete Poems
Louis Zukofsky A-12
1969[25] John Berryman His Toy, His Dream, His Rest Winner
Gwendolyn Brooks In the Mecca Finalist
Galway Kinnell Body Rags
John Thompson The Talking Girl
Keith Waldrop A Windmill Near Calvary
1970[26] Elizabeth Bishop The Complete Poems Winner
Daniel Berrigan False Gods, Real Men Finalist
Lawrence Ferlinghetti The Secret Meaning of Things
Robert Lowell Notebook, 1967–68
Philip Whalen On Bear's Head
1971[27] Mona Van Duyn To See, to Take: Poems Winner
Gregory Corso Elegiac Feelings American Finalist
W. S. Merwin The Carrier of Ladders †
May Swenson Iconographs
1972[28] Frank O'Hara The Collected Poems of Frank O'Hara (posth.) Winner[a]
Howard Moss Selected Poems
A. R. Ammons Briefings: Poems Small and Easy Finalist
Jon Anderson Death & Friends
Robert Fitzgerald Spring Shade: Poems, 1931–1970
Robert Hayden Words in the Mourning Time
John Hollander The Night Mirror
Galway Kinnell The Book of Nightmares
David Shapiro A Man Holding an Acoustic Panel
Allen Tate The Swimmers and Other Selected Poems
James Wright Collected Poems †
1973[29] A. R. Ammons Collected Poems, 1951–1971 Winner
W. H. Auden Epistle to a Godson and Other Poems Finalist
John Berryman Delusions, Etc.
Richard Eberhart Fields of Grace
Samuel Hazo Once for the Last Bandit
John Hollander Town and Country Matters
Denise Levertov FootPrints
Archibald MacLeish The Human Season
James Merrill Braving the Elements
Frederick Morgan A Book of Change
Ishmael Reed Conjure
Louis Simpson Adventures of the Letter I
1974[30] Adrienne Rich Diving into the Wreck: Poems 1971–1972 Winner[a]
Allen Ginsberg The Fall of America: Poems of These States, 1965–1971
Hayden Carruth From Snow and Rock, from Chaos Finalist
Evan S. Connell, Jr. Points for a Compass Rose
Peter Everwine Collecting the Animals
Richard Hugo The Lady in Kicking Horse Reservoir
Donald Justice Departures
Eleanor Lerman Armed Love
Audre Lorde From a Land Where Other People Live
Alice Walker Revolutionary Petunias and Other Poems
Charles Wright Hard Freight
1975[31] Marilyn Hacker Presentation Piece Winner
A. R. Ammons Sphere: The Form of a Motion Finalist
John Balaban After Our War
Albert Goldbarth Jan 31
Richard Howard Two-Part Inventions
Josephine Jacobsen The Shade-Seller
Michael Ryan Threats Instead of Trees
Susan Fromberg Schaeffer Granite Lady
David Wagoner Sleeping in the Woods
Reed Whittemore The Mother's Breast and the Father's House
1976[32] John Ashbery Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror † Winner
Richard Hugo What Thou Lovest Well, Remains American Finalist
P.J. Laska D.C. Images
John N. Morris The Life Beside This One
Leonard Nathan Returning Your Call
George Oppen Collected Poems
Carolyn M. Rodgers How I Got Ovah
Sherley Anne Williams The Peacock Poems
1977[33] Richard Eberhart Collected Poems, 1930–1976: Including 43 New Poems Winner
Irving Feldman Leaping Clear and Other Poems Finalist
Margaret Newlin The Snow Falls Upward
Muriel Rukeyser The Gates
David Wagoner Collected Poems, 1956–1976
1978[34] Howard Nemerov The Collected Poems of Howard Nemerov † Winner
Marvin Bell Stars Which See, Stars Which Do Not See Finalist
Michael S. Harper Images of Kin
Barbara Howes A Private Signal
Charles Simic Charon's Cosmology
1979 James Merrill Mirabell: Books of Number Winner
Robert Hayden American Journal Finalist
Sandra McPherson The Year of Our Birth
Philip Schultz Like Wings
May Swenson New & Selected Things Taking Place
1980[35] Philip Levine Ashes: Poems New and Old Winner
Stanley Kunitz The Poems of Stanley Kunitz Finalist
David Wagoner In Broken Country
1981[36] Lisel Mueller The Need to Hold Still: Poems Winner
Philip Booth Before Sleep Finalist
Isabella Gardner That Was Then
Mark Strand Selected Poems*
Robert Penn Warren Being Here
1982[37] William Bronk Life Supports: New and Collected Poems Winner
A. R. Ammons A Coast of Trees Finalist
John Ashbery Shadow Train
Douglas Crase The Revisionist
Daniel Hoffman Brotherly Love
1983 Galway Kinnell Selected Poems † Winner[a]
Charles Wright Country Music: Selected Early Poems*
Mona Van Duyn Letters from a Father and Other Poems Finalist
Jack Gilbert Monolithos*
Linda Pastan PM/AM
Not awarded 1984 – 1990
1991[38] Philip Levine What Work Is Winner
Andrew Hudgins The Never-Ending Finalist
Linda McCarriston Eva-Mary
Adrienne Rich An Atlas of the Difficult World: Poems 1988–1991*
Marilyn Nelson Waniek The Homeplace: Poems
1992[39] Mary Oliver New and Selected Poems (vol. 1 of two) Winner
Hayden Carruth Collected Shorter Poems Finalist
Louise Glück The Wild Iris †
Susan Mitchell Rapture
Gary Snyder No Nature
1993[40] A. R. Ammons Garbage Winner
Mark Doty My Alexandria Finalist
Margaret Gibson The Vigil: A Poem in Four Voices
Donald Hall The Museum of Clear Ideas
Lawrence Raab What We Don't Know About Each Other
1994[41] James Tate Worshipful Company of Fletchers Winner
Richard Howard Like Most Revelations Finalist
David St. John A Study for the World's Body
Heather McHugh Hinge and Sign: Poems, 1968–1993
Anne Porter An Altogether Different Language
1995[42] Stanley Kunitz Passing Through: The Later Poems Winner
Barbara Howes Collected Poems, 1945–1990 Finalist
Josephine Jacobsen In the Crevice of Time: New and Collected Poems
Donald Justice New and Selected Poems*
Gary Soto New and Selected Poems
1996[43] Hayden Carruth Scrambled Eggs & Whiskey: Poems, 1991–1995 Winner
Lucille Clifton The Terrible Stories Finalist
Robert Hass Sun Under Wood
Alicia Suskin Ostriker The Crack in Everything
Charles Simic Walking the Black Cat
1997[44] William Meredith Effort at Speech: New and Selected Poems Winner
John Balaban Locusts at the Edge of Summer: New and Selected Poems Finalist
Frank Bidart Desire*
Sarah Lindsay Primate Behavior
Marilyn Nelson The Fields of Praise: New and Selected Poems
1998[45] Gerald Stern This Time: New and Selected Poems Winner
B. H. Fairchild The Art of the Lathe Finalist
Alicia Suskin Ostriker The Little Space: Poems Selected and New, 1968–1998
Linda Pastan Carnival Evening: New and Selected Poems 1968–1998
Carl Phillips From the Devotions
1999[46] Ai Vice: New and Selected Poems Winner
Louise Glück Vita Nova Finalist
Clarence Major Configurations: New and Selected Poems, 1958–1998
Sherod Santos The Pilot Star Elegies
C.K. Williams Repair†
2000[47] Lucille Clifton Blessing the Boats: New and Selected Poems 1988–2000 Winner
Kim Addonizio Tell Me Finalist
Galway Kinnell A New Selected Poems
Kenneth Koch New Addresses: Poems
Bruce Smith The Other Lover*
2001[48] Alan Dugan Poems Seven: New and Complete Poetry Winner
Agha Shahid Ali Rooms are Never Finished Finalist
Wanda Coleman Mercurochrome
Cornelius Eady Brutal Imagination
Gail Mazur They Can't Take That Away from Me
2002[49] Ruth Stone In the Next Galaxy Winner
Harryette Mullen Sleeping with the Dictionary Finalist
Sharon Olds The Unswept Room
Alberto Rios The Smallest Muscle in the Human Body
Ellen Bryant Voigt Shadow of Heaven
2003[50] C. K. Williams The Singing Winner
Carol Muske-Dukes Sparrow Finalist
Charles Simic The Voice at 3:00 A.M.: Selected Late and New Poems
Louis Simpson The Owner of the House: New Collected Poems 1940–2001
Kevin Young Jelly Roll: A Blues
2004[51] Jean Valentine Door in the Mountain: New and Collected Poems, 1965–2003 Winner
William Heyen Shoah Train Finalist
Donald Justice Collected Poems
Carl Phillips The Rest of Love
Cole Swensen Goest
2005[52] W. S. Merwin Migration: New and Selected Poems Winner
John Ashbery Where Shall I Wander: New Poems Finalist
Frank Bidart Star Dust: Poems
Brendan Galvin Habitat: New and Selected Poems, 1965–2005
Vern Rutsala The Moment's Equation
2006[53] Nathaniel Mackey Splay Anthem Winner
Louise Glück Averno Finalist
H. L. Hix Chromatic
Ben Lerner Angle of Yaw
James L. McMichael Capacity
2007[54] Robert Hass Time and Materials: Poems, 1997–2005† Winner
Linda Gregerson Magnetic North Finalist
David Kirby The House on Boulevard St.
Stanley Plumly Old Heart
Ellen Bryant Voigt Messenger: New and Selected Poems 1976–2006*
2008[55] Mark Doty Fire to Fire: New and Selected Poems Winner
Frank Bidart Watching the Spring Festival* Finalist
Reginald Gibbons Creatures of a Day
Richard Howard Without Saying
Patricia Smith Blood Dazzler
2009[56] Keith Waldrop Transcendental Studies: A Trilogy Winner
Rae Armantrout Versed † Finalist
Ann Lauterbach Or to Begin Again
Carl Phillips Speak Low
Lyrae van Clief-Stefanon Open Interval
2010[57] Terrance Hayes Lighthead Winner
Kathleen Graber The Eternal City Finalist
James Richardson By the Numbers
C.D. Wright One with Others
Monica Youn Ignatz
2011[58] Nikky Finney Head Off & Split: Poems Winner
Yusef Komunyakaa The Chameleon Couch Finalist
Carl Phillips Double Shadow
Adrienne Rich Tonight No Poetry Will Serve: Poems: 2007–2010
Bruce Smith Devotions
2012[59] David Ferry Bewilderment: New Poems and Translations Winner
Susan Wheeler Meme Finalist
Cynthia Huntington Heavenly Bodies
Tim Seibles Fast Animal
Alan Shapiro Night of the Republic
2013[60] Mary Szybist Incarnadine Winner
Frank Bidart Metaphysical Dog Finalist
Lucie Brock-Broido Stay, Illusion
Adrian Matejka The Big Smoke*
Matt Rasmussen Black Aperture
Roger Bonair-Agard Bury My Clothes Longlist
Andrei Codrescu So Recently Rent a World, New and Selected Poems: 1968–2012
Brenda Hillman Seasonal Works with Letters on Fire
Diane Raptosh American Amnesiac
Martha Ronk Transfer of Qualities
2014[61] Louise Glück Faithful and Virtuous Night Winner
Fanny Howe Second Childhood Finalist[62]
Maureen N. McLane This Blue
Fred Moten The Feel Trio
Claudia Rankine Citizen
Linda Bierds Roget's Illusion Longlist
Brian Blanchfield A Several World
Edward Hirsch Gabriel: A Poem
Spencer Reece The Road to Emmaus
Mark Strand Collected Poems
2015[63] Robin Coste Lewis Voyage of the Sable Venus Winner
Ross Gay Catalog of Unabashed Gratitude Finalist
Terrance Hayes How to Be Drawn
Ada Limón Bright Dead Things
Patrick Phillips Elegy for a Broken Machine
Amy Gerstler Scattered at Sea Longlist
Marilyn Hacker A Stranger's Mirror
Jane Hirshfield The Beauty
Lawrence Raab Mistaking Each Other for Ghosts
Rowan Ricardo Phillips Heaven
2016[64] Daniel Borzutzky The Performance of Becoming Human Winner
Rita Dove Collected Poems 1974–2004 Finalist
Peter Gizzi Archeophonics
Jay Hopler The Abridged History of Rainfall
Solmaz Sharif Look
Donald Hall The Selected Poems of Donald Hall Longlist
Donika Kelly Bestiary
Jane Mead World of Made and Unmade
Monica Youn Blackacre
Kevin Young Blue Laws
2017[65] Frank Bidart Half-light: Collected Poems 1965–2016 † Winner
Leslie Harrison The Book of Endings Finalist
Layli Long Soldier WHEREAS
Shane McCrae In the Language of My Captor
Danez Smith Don't Call Us Dead
Chen Chen When I Grow Up I Want to Be a List of Further Possibilities Longlist
Mai Der Vang Afterland
Marie Howe Magdalene
Laura Kasischke Where Now: New and Selected Poems
Sherod Santos Square Inch Hours
2018[66] Justin Phillip Reed Indecency Winner
Rae Armantrout Wobble Finalist
Terrance Hayes American Sonnets for My Past and Future Assassin
Diana Khoi Nguyen Ghost Of
Jenny Xie Eye Level
Jos Charles feeld* Longlist
Forrest Gander Be With †
J. Michael Martinez Museum of the Americas
Raquel Salas Rivera lo terciario / the tertiary
Natasha Trethewey Monument: Poems New and Selected
2019 Arthur Sze Sight Lines Winner[67]
Jericho Brown The Tradition † Finalist[68]
Toi Derricotte "I": New and Selected Poems
Ilya Kaminsky Deaf Republic
Carmen Giménez Smith Be Recorder
Dan Beachy-Quick Variations on Dawn and Dusk Longlist[69]
Camonghne Felix Build Yourself a Boat
Ariana Reines A Sand Book
Mary Ruefle Dunce*
Brian Teare Doomstead Days
2020[70] Don Mee Choi DMZ Colony Winner[71]
Mei-mei Berssenbrugge A Treatise on Stars* Finalist[72]
Tommye Blount Fantasia for the Man in Blue
Anthony Cody Borderland Apocrypha
Natalie Diaz Postcolonial Love Poem †
Rick Barot The Galleons Longlist[73]
Lillian-Yvonne Bertram Travesty Generator
Victoria Chang Obit
Eduardo C. Corral Guillotine
Honorée Fanonne Jeffers The Age of Phillis
2021[74] Martín Espada Floaters Winner[75]
Desiree C. Bailey What Noise Against the Cane Finalist[76]
Douglas Kearney Sho
Hoa Nguyen A Thousand Times You Lose Your Treasure
Jackie Wang The Sunflower Cast a Spell To Save Us From The Void
Threa Almontaser The Wild Fox of Yemen Longlist[77]
Baba Badji Ghost Letters
CM Burroughs Master Suffering
Andrés Cerpa The Vault
Forrest Gander Twice Alive
2022[78] John Keene Punks: New & Selected Poems Winner[79]
Allison Adelle Hedge Coke Look at This Blue Finalist[80]
Sharon Olds Balladz
Roger Reeves Best Barbarian
Jenny Xie The Rupture Tense
Rio Cortez Golden Ax Longlist[81]
Jay Hopler Still Life*
Sherry Shenoda Mummy Eaters
Quincy Troupe Duende
Shelley Wong As She Appears
2023[82] Craig Santos Perez from unincorporated territory [åmot] Winner[83]
John Lee Clark How to Communicate Finalist[84]
Evie Shockley suddenly we
Brandon Som Tripas †
Monica Youn From From
Oliver de la Paz The Diaspora Sonnets Longlist[85]
Charif Shanahan Trace Evidence
Paisley Rekdal West: A Translation
Annelyse Gelman Vexations
José Olivarez Promises of Gold
2024 Lena Khalaf Tuffaha Something About Living Winner[86]
Anne Carson Wrong Norma Finalist[87]
Fady Joudah [...]
m.s. RedCherries mother
Diane Seuss Modern Poetry
Dorianne Laux Life on Earth Longlist[88]
Gregory Pardlo Spectral Evidence
Octavio Quintanilla The Book of Wounded Sparrows
Rowan Ricardo Phillips Silver
Elizabeth Willis Liontaming in America

Multiple wins

See Winners of multiple U.S. National Book Awards

The following individuals received two or more National Book Awards for Poetry:

Wins Poet Years
2 A. R. Ammons 1973, 1993
Alan Dugan 1962, 2001
Philip Levine 1980, 1991
James Merrill 1967, 1979
Theodore Roethke 1959, 1965
Wallace Stevens 1951, 1955

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c The Poetry panels split the 1972, 1974, and 1983 awards. Split awards have been prohibited continuously from 1984 (and the same reform eliminated the Poetry category, restored 1992).

References

  1. ^ "History of the National Book Awards" Archived 2018-10-03 at the Wayback Machine. National Book Foundation (NBF): About Us. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
  2. ^ "How the National Book Awards Work" Archived 2011-06-09 at the Wayback Machine. NBF: Awards. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
  3. ^ "National Book Award Winners: 1950 – 2009" Archived 2012-05-28 at the Wayback Machine. NBF: Awards. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
  4. ^ "National Book Award Selection Process" Archived 2008-06-13 at the Wayback Machine. NBF: Awards. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
  5. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions" Archived 2017-11-19 at the Wayback Machine. NBF: About Us. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
  6. ^ Anderson, Porter (September 28, 2024). "US National Book Award 2024 Longlists: Poetry". Publishing Perspectives. Retrieved October 7, 2024.
  7. ^ a b "Poetry - The Pulitzer Prizes". The Pulitzer Prizes. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  8. ^ "National Book Awards – 1950" Archived 2018-11-14 at the Wayback Machine. NBF. Retrieved 2012-02-25.
    (With essays by Neil Baldwin and Ross Gay from the Awards 50-year print publication(?) and 60-year anniversary blog. Baldwin covers the award-sharing book: "The edition of the Selected Poems brought out in 1949 has of necessity over the past half-century been emended and expanded many times. ...")
  9. ^ "National Book Awards 1952". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  10. ^ "National Book Awards 1953". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
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  20. ^ "National Book Awards 1964". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  21. ^ "National Book Awards 1965". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on April 30, 2021. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  22. ^ "National Book Awards 1966". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  23. ^ "National Book Awards 1967". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
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  25. ^ "National Book Awards 1969". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on June 14, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  26. ^ "National Book Awards 1970". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on October 24, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  27. ^ "National Book Awards 1971". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on March 24, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  28. ^ "National Book Awards 1972". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  29. ^ "National Book Awards 1973". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on May 14, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  30. ^ "National Book Awards 1974". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on April 24, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  31. ^ "National Book Awards 1975". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on January 31, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  32. ^ "National Book Awards 1976". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  33. ^ "National Book Awards 1977". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on April 6, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  34. ^ "National Book Awards 1978". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on April 11, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  35. ^ "National Book Awards 1980". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on October 1, 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  36. ^ "National Book Awards 1981". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on April 24, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  37. ^ "National Book Awards 1982". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  38. ^ "National Book Awards 1991". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on October 28, 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  39. ^ "National Book Awards 1992". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  40. ^ "National Book Awards 1993". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on March 27, 2023. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
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