Nathaniel Portlock

Nathaniel Portlock
Nathaniel Portlock
	Nathaniel Portlock
Born	c. 1749
Died	12 September 1817; Greenwich
Buried	Greenwich
Service/branch	Royal Navy
Rank	Captain

Nathaniel Portlock (c. 1748 – 12 September 1817) was a British ship's captain, maritime fur trader, and author.^[2]

He entered the Royal Navy in 1772 as an able seaman, serving in HMS St Albans. In 1776 he joined HMS Discovery as master's mate and served on the third Pacific voyage of James Cook. During the expedition, in August 1779, he was transferred to HMS Resolution.

He passed his lieutenant's examination on 7 September 1780, then served on HMS Firebrand in the Channel fleet.

On Cook's third voyage, furs obtained in present-day British Columbia and Alaska sold for good prices when the expedition called at Macao.^[3] In 1785 Richard Cadman Etches and partners, including Portlock and George Dixon formed a partnership, commonly called the King George's Sound Company, to develop the fur trade. Dixon had also served on Resolution in the Pacific Ocean under Cook. In September 1785 Portlock and Dixon sailed from England. Portlock was in command of the larger vessel, the 320-ton (bm) King George, with a crew of 59. Dixon's was in command of the 200-ton (bm) Queen Charlotte, with a crew of 33. Dixon and Portlock sailed together for most of their three-year voyage.^[4] They crossed the Atlantic Ocean, reaching the Falkland Islands in January 1786, and transited Cape Horn to enter the Pacific Ocean. They reached the Hawaiian Islands on 24 May and anchored in Kealakekua Bay (where Cook had been killed in 1779), but did not go ashore.^[5] They took on fresh food at other Hawaiian Islands and proceeded on to what is now Alaska. After two years of plying the waters, Portlock and Dixon departed North America, reaching Macao in November 1788.^[6]

On their return Portlock and Dixon published an account of the voyage, based in part on letters written by William Beresford, the trader on the expedition.^[1]

Returning to the Royal Navy in 1791, Portlock was appointed to command the brig HMS Assistant, which accompanied Bligh on his second voyage to transport breadfruit plants from Tahiti to the West Indies. Following his return to England in 1793, Portlock was promoted to commander and later commanded the sloop HMS Arrow. In 1799 he was promoted to captain, and served as a Sea Fencibles commander at Poole in 1803, and at Dartmouth from 1805 to 1807.^[7] He died on 12 September 1817 in Greenwich Hospital.

His son, Major-General Joseph Ellison Portlock, was a British geologist and soldier.

Portlock Harbor, a bay on the west coast of Alaska's Chichagof Island, was named by Portlock in 1789, following a visit there in August 1787. Portlock, a cannery settlement active in the early and middle 20th century, and Portlock Glacier, both on Alaska's Kenai Peninsula, were named in his honor.^[8]

Citations

^ ^a ^b Portlock and Dixon (1789)
^ Gough, Barry M. (1983). "Portlock, Nathaniel". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. V (1801–1820) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
^ Hīroa (1953), p 35
^ Pethick (1976), pp 97–100
^ Restarick (1928)
^ King, Robert J. "Spanish America in Eighteenth Century British Naval Strategy and the Visit of the Malaspina Expedition to New South Wales in 1793". Archived from the original on 28 October 2005. Retrieved 6 September 2009.
^ "Captain Nathaniel Portlock (c. 1747-1817)". National Maritime Museum, London. 2008. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
^ Orth, Donald J. (1967). Dictionary of Alaska Place Names. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 773.

References

"Portlock, Nathaniel". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22586. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Hīroa, Te Rangi (Peter. H. Buck) (1953). Explorers of the Pacific: European and American Discoveries in Polynesia. Honolulu, Hawaii: Bernice P. Bishop Museum. p. 35. OCLC 646912113. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help), has background on the voyage of King George and the Queen Charlotte
Laughton, John Knox (1896). "Portlock, Nathaniel" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 46. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
Pethick, Derek (1976). First Approaches to the Northwest Coast. Vancouver: J.J. Douglas. pp. 97–100. ISBN 0-88894-056-4.
Portlock, Nathaniel (1789). A voyage round the world but more particularly to the north-west coast of America: performed in 1785, 1786, 1787, and 1788, in the King George and Queen Charlotte, Captains Portlock and Dixon. London: J. Stockdale and G. Goulding. OCLC 221899194. OL 6961184M.
Dixon, George (1789). A voyage round the world but more particularly to the north-west coast of America: performed in 1785, 1786, 1787, and 1788, in the King George and Queen Charlotte, Captains Portlock and Dixon. London: G. Goulding. OCLC 243542399. OL 22121376M.
Restarick, Henry B. (1928). "Historic Kealakekua Bay". Papers of the Hawaiian Historical Society. Honolulu: The Bulletin Publishing Company. hdl:10524/964.

External links

Media related to Nathaniel Portlock at Wikimedia Commons
Lieutenant Nathaniel Portlock's Logbook of the Assistant, with brief biographical notes
Will of Nathaniel Portlock
Bligh Encyclopedia, Pitcairn Islands Study Centre, retrieved 16 February 2012, text from Sven Wahlroos (2001), Mutiny and Romance in the South Seas: A Companion to the Bounty Adventure, iUniverse, ISBN 978-0-595-13807-4, OCLC 150457732
Pieter van der Merwe (25 September 2008), Nathaniel Portlock's origins - sources?, archived from the original on 4 November 2016, retrieved 16 February 2012, information from National Maritime Museum database