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Calligraphic seal of "Isa" (Jesus) in Arabic

There are a variety of titles used to refer to the penultimate prophet of Islam, Isa ibn Maryam (Jesus), in the Quran. Islamic scholars emphasize the need for Muslims to follow the name of Isa (Jesus), whether spoken or written, with the honorific phrase alayhi al-salām (Arabic: عليه السلام), which means peace be upon him. Isa is mentioned by name or title 78 times in the Quran.^[1]

Names

Isa ibn Maryam

The name Isa is derived from Arabic: عيسى, romanized: ʿīsā, meaning the "salvation of God". Isa is also referred to as Isa ibn Maryam, meaning Isa, son of Maryam.^[2] In the Quran, Isa is referred to by name 23 times.^{[note 1]}

Masih

Isa is the Messiah in Islam^[3]^[4]^{[better source needed]} and is the called Īsā al-Masīḥ by Muslims. It is one of several titles of Isa, who is referred to as Masih or Al-Masih 11 times in the Quran.^{[note 2]} It means 'the anointed', 'the traveller', or 'one who cures by caressing'.^[3]^{[better source needed]}

Titles

Spirit from God

In Quran 4:171, Isa is called Rūḥ minhu (Arabic: رُوحٌۭ مِّنْه), meaning 'a Spirit from him' (i.e., from God).^[5] The word rūḥ originally meant "breath", "wind". In post-Quranic tradition, rūḥ became equated with nafs, "spirit", but in the Quran itself, it means "a special angel messenger and a special divine quality".^[6] In three passages (2:87, 2:253; 5:110), Isa is also said to be supported by the Rūḥ al-qudus ("the holy spirit" or "spirit of holiness").^[7]

Pure Boy

According the Quran and Hadith, Isa and his mother Maryam were the only two people whom Shaitan did not touch and so were without sin, so Isa is called a pure boy (Arabic: غُلَٰمًا زَكِيًّا, romanized: ġulammā zakīwā).^[8]^[9]^[10]^{[better source needed]} He is referred to as pure boy nine times in the Quran.^{[note 3]}

Word of God

Isa is called Kalima (Word) or Kalimat Allah (Word of God) six times in the Quran. The concept of Logos also appears in the Targums (Aramaic translations of the Hebrew Bible dating to the first centuries AD), where the term Memra (Aramaic for "The Word") is often used instead of 'The Lord', especially when referring to a manifestation of God that could be construed as anthropomorphic.^[11]^{[better source needed]}^{[note 4]} However, in light of Islam, the title refers to the miraculous birth of Jesus through God's Will despite being fatherless, likened to the creation of Adam without a father or mother as stated in the third chapter of the Qur'an.^[12]

Sign

In Islam, Isa's return is one of the ten major signs of Day of Resurrection. In the Quran, Isa is four times called an Āyah (Arabic: آيَة, lit. 'sign', also used to designate a verse of the Quran).^{[note 5]}

Wajih

In Surat al-Imran verse 3:45,^[13] Isa is called wajīḥ (وَجِيه, 'honourable' or 'distinguished'), a title also used for Musa (Moses) in Surat al-Ahzab 33:69. Many Muslims refer to Isa as Īsā al-Wajīḥ, since he is an honoured Prophet in Islam.^[8]^[14]^{[better source needed]}