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The Smith–Purcell effect was the precursor of the free-electron laser (FEL). It was studied by Steve Smith, a graduate student under the guidance of Edward Purcell. In their experiment, they sent an energetic beam of electrons very closely parallel to the surface of a ruled optical diffraction grating, and thereby generated visible light.[1] Smith showed there was negligible effect on the trajectory of the inducing electrons. Essentially, this is a form of Cherenkov radiation where ...
Grafik Biaya Marginal Biaya marginal adalah peningkatan biaya total yang berasal dari produksi satu unit output produksi. Jika perusahaan memproduksi 1.000 unit, biaya tambahan peningkatan output menjadi 1.001 unit adalah biaya marginal. Biaya marginal mengukur biaya input tambahan yang diperlukan untuk memproduksi tiap unit output berikutnya. Karena biaya tetap tidak berubah ketika ada biaya output, biaya marginal mencerminkan perubahan biaya variabel. Jika fungsi biaya terdiferensiasi, biay...
For other uses, see Beihai (disambiguation). Prefecture-level city in Guangxi, People's Republic of ChinaBeihai 北海BwzhaijPakhoiPrefecture-level cityBeihai Silver BeachLocation of Beihai in GuangxiCoordinates (Beihai government): 21°28′52″N 109°07′12″E / 21.481°N 109.120°E / 21.481; 109.120CountryPeople's Republic of ChinaRegionGuangxiMunicipal seatHaicheng DistrictArea • Prefecture-level city3,337 km2 (1,288 sq mi)Elevatio...
Patung Kinnon di Wat Phra Kaew, Bangkok Budaya Thailand telah berkembang dari waktu ke waktu, dari zaman praglobalisasi pada era Sukhothai, ke yang lebih kontemporer pada era Ayutthaya, yang menyerap segala budaya Asia. Pengaruh kuat budaya India, Tionghoa, dan Asia Tenggara lain masih melekat dalam budaya tradisional Thailand.[1] Buddhisme, Animisme, dan Westernisasi memainkan peran penting dalam membentuk budaya ini. Referensi ^ Culture. Tourist Authority of Thailand (TAT). Diarsipk...
Kashima Antlers鹿島アントラーズNama lengkapKashima Antlers F.C.Julukan-Berdiri1947StadionStadion Kashima Kashima, Ibaraki(Kapasitas: 40.728[1])KetuaFumiaki KoizumiManajerAntônio Carlos ZagoLigaJ1 League2023ke-5Situs webSitus web resmi klub Kostum kandang Kostum tandang Kashima Antlers (Jepang: 鹿島アントラーズ) merupakan sebuah tim sepak bola Jepang yang bermarkas di Kashima, Prefektur Ibaraki, Jepang. Klub ini didirikan pada tahun 1947 oleh Sumitomo Metal Indust...
تم تصنيع أول نموذج أولي لصمام فلمنغ في أكتوبر 1904. صمام فلمنغ (بالإنجليزية: Fleming valve) عبارة عن صمام حراري أو صمام مفرغ تم اختراعه في عام 1904 بواسطة الفيزيائي الإنجليزي جون أمبروز فلمنج ككاشف لأجهزة الإستقبال اللاسلكية المبكرة المستخدمة في التلغراف اللاسلكي الكهرومغناطيسي. ك...
Northern region of Michigan's lower peninsula This article is about the region of Michigan's Lower Peninsula. For the northernmost peninsula of Michigan, see Upper Peninsula of Michigan. For the university in the Upper Peninsula, see Northern Michigan University. For the university's athletic program, see Northern Michigan Wildcats. Lower Peninsula of Michigan in the United StatesNorthern Michigan Northern Lower MichiganLower Peninsula of MichiganNorthern Michigan is highlighted in light gree...
Синелобый амазон Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:ЗавропсидыКласс:Пт�...
American soccer player Whitney Engen Engen playing for Tyresö FF in 2014Personal informationFull name Whitney Elizabeth Engen[1]Date of birth (1987-11-28) November 28, 1987 (age 36)Place of birth Torrance, California, United StatesHeight 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m)Position(s) DefenderYouth career Slammers FCCollege careerYears Team Apps (Gls)2006–2009 North Carolina Tar Heels 105 (19)Senior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)2009 Pali Blues 2010 Chicago Red Stars 24 (0)2011 Wes...
Joachim GauckGauck pada tahun 2019 Presiden JermanMasa jabatan18 Maret 2012 – 18 Maret 2017KanselirAngela MerkelPendahuluChristian WulffPenggantiFrank-Walter SteinmeierKomisaris Federasi untuk Arsip StasiMasa jabatan4 Oktober 1990 – 10 Oktober 2000PendahuluJabatan dibentukPenggantiMarianne BirthlerKetua BundestagMasa jabatan3 Oktober 1990 – 4 Oktober 1990Ketua VolkskammerMasa jabatan18 Maret 1990 – 3 Oktober 1990 Informasi pribadiLahir24 Januari 194...
1981 film by Hugh Hudson This article is about the film. For other uses, see Chariots of Fire (disambiguation). Chariots of FireTheatrical release posterDirected byHugh HudsonWritten byColin WellandProduced byDavid PuttnamStarring Ben Cross Ian Charleson Nigel Havers Cheryl Campbell Alice Krige Lindsay Anderson Dennis Christopher Nigel Davenport Brad Davis Peter Egan John Gielgud Ian Holm Patrick Magee CinematographyDavid WatkinEdited byTerry RawlingsMusic byVangelisProductioncompaniesAllied ...
Panca Wijaya AkbarS.H. Bupati Ogan Ilir ke-4PetahanaMulai menjabat 26 Februari 2021PresidenJoko WidodoGubernurHerman DeruPendahuluIlyas Panji AlamPenggantiPetahana Informasi pribadiLahir19 Desember 1991 (umur 32)Palembang, Sumatera SelatanKebangsaanIndonesiaSuami/istriMikhailia Tikha Alamsjah (2021-sekarang)[1]HubunganMawardi Yahya (ayah)Ahmad Wazir Noviadi (kakak)Alma materUniversitas Islam IndonesiaSunting kotak info • L • B Panca Wijaya Akbar, S.H. (lahir...
Type of firefighting apparatus that specialises in the transport of water This article is about the ground vehicle that is used for carrying water. For the maritime occupation, see watertender. For aircraft, see air tanker. A water tender operated by the United States Air Force Fire Protection A water tender, sometimes known as a water tanker, is a type of firefighting apparatus that specializes in the transport of water from a water source to a fire scene.[1] Water tenders are capabl...
Family of computer architectures ARM architecture redirects here. For the Australian architectural firm, see ARM Architecture (company). ARMDesigner Sophie Wilson Steve Furber Acorn Computers/Arm Ltd. Bits32-bit, 64-bitIntroduced1985; 39 years ago (1985)DesignRISCTypeLoad–storeBranchingCondition code, compare and branchOpenProprietary ARM 64/32-bitIntroduced2011; 13 years ago (2011)VersionARMv8-R, ARMv8-A, ARMv8.1-A, ARMv8.2-A, ARMv8.3-A, ARMv8.4-A, ARMv8...
Princess of Asturias (1880–1904) María de las MercedesPrincess of AsturiasBorn(1880-09-11)11 September 1880Royal Palace of Madrid, Madrid, SpainDied17 October 1904(1904-10-17) (aged 24)MadridBurialEl EscorialSpouse Prince Carlos of the Two Sicilies (m. 1901)Issue Infante Alfonso Infante Fernando Isabel Alfonsa, Countess Zamoyska NamesMaría de las Mercedes Isabel Teresa Cristina AlfonsaHouseBourbonFatherAlfonso XII of SpainMotherMaria Christina o...
Defunct American automobile company Not to be confused with American Motors Incorporated. American Motors CorporationLogo from 1970 until 1987IndustryAutomotivePredecessor Hudson Motor Car Company Thomas B. Jeffery Company Nash-Kelvinator Corporation Kaiser Jeep Kaiser Motors Willys Overland FoundedMay 1, 1954; 70 years ago (1954-05-01)[1]FounderGeorge W. MasonDefunctJune 20, 1988; 36 years ago (1988-06-20)FateAMC was renamed Jeep Eagle Corporation ...
NGC 609 L'amas ouvert NGC 609 Données d’observation(Époque J2000.0) Constellation Cassiopée Ascension droite (α) 01h 36m 23,7s[1] Déclinaison (δ) 64° 32′ 12″ [1] Magnitude apparente (V) 11,0[2] Dimensions apparentes (V) 3,0 ′[2] Localisation dans la constellation : Cassiopée Astrométrie Distance environ 3 981 pc (∼13 000 al)[3] Caractéristiques physiques Type d'objet Amas ouvert Classe II3r[2] Âge 1,7 G a...
Extinct order of trilobites ProetidaTemporal range: Early Ordovician – End Permian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Aulacopleura konincki, Kosov u Berouna, Czech Republic Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: †Trilobita Order: †ProetidaFortey & Owens, 1975 Superfamilies See text Proetida is an order of trilobite that lived from the Ordovician to the Permian. It was the last surviving order of trilobite, dying out in the Permian-Triass...
Artikel ini membahas mengenai bangunan, struktur, infrastruktur, atau kawasan terencana yang sedang dibangun atau akan segera selesai. Informasi di halaman ini bisa berubah setiap saat (tidak jarang perubahan yang besar) seiring dengan penyelesaiannya. The CitadelThe Citadel dalam pembangunan bulan Desember 2007Informasi umumLokasiDubai, Uni Emirat ArabPerkiraan rampung2008Data teknisJumlah lantai42Desain dan konstruksiArsitekDAR ConsultPengembangDubai Properties The Citadel merupakan sebuah ...
Text by John Locke Of the Conduct of the Understanding Title page from the first editionAuthorJohn LockeLanguageEnglishSubjectEducation and PhilosophyPublisherAwnsham and John ChurchillPublication date1706Publication placeEnglandTextOf the Conduct of the Understanding at WikisourcePart of a series onJohn Locke Social contract Limited government Tabula rasa State of nature Right to property Labor theory of property Lockean proviso Argument from consciousness Works(listed chronologically) Funda...