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Metropolitan City of Rome Capital

*Città metropolitana di Roma Capitale* (Italian)
Metropolitan City of Rome Capital Città metropolitana di Roma Capitale (Italian)
Metropolitan city
	Aerial view of Rome
	Flag Coat of arms
	Location of the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
	Coordinates: 41°53′35″N 12°28′58″E / 41.89306°N 12.48278°E
Country	Italy
Region	Lazio
Established	1 January 2015
Capital(s)	Rome
Comuni	121
Government
• Metropolitan Mayor	Roberto Gualtieri (PD)
Area
• Total	5,363 km2 (2,071 sq mi)
Population (2017)
• Total	4,214,463
• Density	812/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
GDP
• Metro	€163.462 billion
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
ISO 3166 code	IT-RM
ISTAT	258
Website	cittametropolitanaroma.gov.it

Metropolitan City of Rome Capital (Italian: città metropolitana di Roma Capitale) is an area of local government at the level of metropolitan city in the Lazio region of Italy. It comprises the territory of the city of Rome and 120 other comuni (sg.: comune) in the hinterland of the city. With more than 4.3 million inhabitants, it is the largest metropolitan city in Italy.

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1951	2,150,670	—
1961	2,775,380	+29.0%
1971	3,490,377	+25.8%
1981	3,695,961	+5.9%
1991	3,761,067	+1.8%
2001	3,700,424	−1.6%
2011	3,997,465	+8.0%
2021	4,216,874	+5.5%
Source: ISTAT

It was established on 1 January 2015 by the terms of Law 142/1990 (Reform of local authorities) and by Law 56/2014. It superseded the province of Rome. The Metropolitan City of Rome Capital is headed by the Metropolitan Mayor (Sindaco metropolitano) and governed by the Metropolitan Council (Consiglio metropolitano). Roberto Gualtieri is the incumbent mayor, having taken office on 21 October 2021.

Geography

The Metropolitan City of Rome Capital covers almost one-third of the territory of Lazio. It occupies the flat area of the Roman and the Tiber Valley to the mountains and dell'Aniene Lucretili Sabini and, in addition to the mountainous regions of the Tolfa and Monti Sabatini to the north-west, the area of the mountains Tiburtini Prenestini Simbruini and east, the area of the Colli Albani and the northern foothills of the mountains, and high Lepine Sacco valley to the south-east. The western boundary of the province is represented by the Tyrrhenian Sea on which spread to about 130 kilometres (81 mi) from the coast near Rome from Civitavecchia to Torre Astura. In the territory there are several lakes, almost all of volcanic origin, which are concentrated in the north-west of the mountains and Sabatini in the south-east of the Colli Albani.

Government

Metropolitan Council

The new Metro municipalities, giving large urban areas the administrative powers of a province, are conceived for improving the performance of local administrations and to slash local spending by better coordinating the municipalities in providing basic services (including transport, school and social programs) and environment protection.^[4] In this policy framework, the Mayor of Rome is designated to exercise the functions of Metropolitan mayor, presiding over a Metropolitan Council. The Council consists of mayors and city councillors of each comune in the Metropolitan City elected from amongst themselves using partially open list proportional representation, with seats allocated using the D'Hondt method.^[5] Metropolitan councillors are elected at-large for five-year terms; votes for metropolitan councillors are weighted by grouping comunes of a certain population range into nine groups so that votes of the mayors and city councillors of the more populous groups are worth than those of less populous groups.^[5]

The Metropolitan Council of the city was elected on 20 December 2021:

Group		Seats
	Centre-left coalition (PD • A • IV)	14 / 24
	Right-wing coalition (FdI • L)	8 / 24
	Five Star Movement (M5S)	2 / 24

List of Metropolitan Mayors of Rome

	Metropolitan Mayor	Term start	Term end	Party
1	Ignazio Marino	1 January 2015	31 October 2015	PD
Special commissioner (31 October 2015 – 22 June 2016)
2	Virginia Raggi	22 June 2016	21 October 2021	M5S
3	Roberto Gualtieri	21 October 2021	Incumbent	PD

Administrative divisions

There are 121 comunes of Metropolitan City of Rome Capital. The comunes with the largest populations are listed below.

Rank	City	Population	Area (km²)	Density (inhabitants/km²)	Altitude (mslm)
1st	Rome	2,745,777	1,287.36	2132.9	21
2nd	Guidonia Montecelio	89,112	79.47	1121.3	105
3rd	Fiumicino	81,980	213.89	382.9	1
4th	Pomezia	64,268	86.57	742.4	108
5th	Anzio	58,936	43.65	1350.2	3
6th	Tivoli	54,914	68.65	799.9	235
7th	Velletri	52,543	118.23	444.4	332
8th	Civitavecchia	51,691	73.74	701	10
9th	Ardea	49,329	72.09	684.3	37
10th	Nettuno	47,896	71.64	668.6	11
11th	Marino	46,539	24.19	1923.9	360
12th	Monterotondo	41,016	40.94	1003.8	165
13th	Ladispoli	40,631	25.95	1565.7	2
14th	Albano Laziale	39,620	23.80	1664.7	400
15th	Ciampino	38,696	13.00	2976.6	124

Municipal government

Here is a list of the municipal government in cities and towns with more than 15,000 inhabitants:

Municipality	Mayor	Party	Executive	Term
Rome	Roberto Gualtieri	PD	PD • EV • SI	2021–2026
Guidonia Montecelio	Mauro Lomabrdo	Ind	Ind	2022–2027
Fiumicino	Mario Baccini	Ind	FI • L • FdI • UDC	2023–2028
Pomezia	Veronica Felici	Ind	FI • L • FdI	2023–2028
Anzio	Special Commissioner (since 2022)
Tivoli	Marco Innocenzi	FdI	FI • L • FdI	2024–2029
Velletri	Ascanio Cascella	FdI	FI • L • FdI	2023–2028
Civitavecchia	Marco Piendibene	PD	PD • M5S • AVS	2024–2029
Ardea	Maurizio Cremonini	FdI	FI • L • FdI	2022–2027
Nettuno	Special Commissioner (since 2022)
Marino	Stefano Cecchi	Ind	FI • L	2021–2026
Monterotondo	Riccardo Varone	PD	PD • AVS	2024–2029
Ladispoli	Alessandro Grando	Ind	FI • L • FdI	2022–2027
Albano Laziale	Massimo Borelli	PD	PD • Ind	2020–2025
Ciampino	Emanuele Colella	PD	PD • Ind	2022–2027

Transport

The Metropolitan City of Rome Capital is the centre of a radial network of roads that roughly follow the lines of the ancient Roman roads which began at the Capitoline Hill and connected Rome with its empire. Today Rome is circled, at a distance of about 10 km (6 mi) from the Capitol, by the ring-road (the Grande Raccordo Anulare or GRA).

Due to its location in the centre of the Italian peninsula, Rome is the principal railway node for central Italy. Rome's main railway station, Termini, is one of the largest railway stations in Europe and the most heavily used in Italy, with around 400 thousand travellers passing through every day. The second-largest station in the city, Roma Tiburtina, has been redeveloped as a high-speed rail terminus.^[6]

Rome is served by three airports. The intercontinental Leonardo da Vinci International Airport is Italy's chief airport, is located within the nearby Fiumicino, south-west of Rome. The older Rome Ciampino Airport is a joint civilian and military airport. It is commonly referred to as "Ciampino Airport", as it is located beside Ciampino, south-east of Rome. A third airport, the Rome Urbe Airport, is a small, low-traffic airport located about 6 km (4 mi) north of the city centre, which handles most helicopter and private flights.

The city has its own quarter on the Mediterranean Sea (Lido di Ostia), equipped with a tourist port and a small channel-harbour for fisher boats. The main harbour which serves Rome is the Port of Civitavecchia, located about 62 km (39 mi) northwest of the city, ^[7] part of the "Motorways of the Sea", it is linked to several Mediterranean ports and is one of the busiest cruise ports in the world.

A 3-line metro system called the Metropolitana operates in the Metropolitan City of Rome. Construction on the first branch started in the 1930s. The line had been planned to quickly connect the main railway station with the newly planned E42 area in the southern suburbs, where the 1942 World Fair was supposed to be held. The event never took place because of war, but the area was later partly redesigned and renamed EUR (Esposizione Universale di Roma: Rome Universal Exhibition) in the 1950s to serve as a modern business district. The line was finally opened in 1955, and it is now the south part of the B Line.

The A line opened in 1980 from Ottaviano to Anagnina stations, later extended in stages (1999–2000) to Battistini. In the 1990s, an extension of the B line was opened from Termini to Rebibbia. This underground network is generally reliable (although it may become very congested at peak times and during events, especially the A line) as it is relatively short.

The A and B lines intersect at Roma Termini station. A new branch of the B line (B1) opened on 13 June 2012 after an estimated building cost of €500 million. B1 connects to line B at Piazza Bologna and has four stations over a distance of 3.9 km (2 mi).

A third line, the C line, is under construction with an estimated cost of €3 billion and will have 30 stations over a distance of 25.5 km (16 mi). It will partly replace the existing Termini-Pantano rail line. It will feature full automated, driverless trains.^[8] The first section with 15 stations connecting Pantano with the quarter of Centocelle in the eastern part of the city, opened on 9 November 2014.^[9] The end of the work was scheduled in 2015, but archaeological findings often delay underground construction work.

A fourth line, D line, is also planned. It will have 22 stations over a distance of 20 km (12 mi).