Grande Raccordo Anulare

Autostrada A90 shield}}
Autostrada A90
Grande Raccordo Anulare
Great ring junction
Route information
Part of E80
Maintained by ANAS
Length68.2 km (42.4 mi)
Existed1951–present
Major junctions
Beltway around Rome
FromRome
Major intersections A1 in Rome
A24 in Rome
A91 in Rome
ToRome
Location
CountryItaly
RegionsLazio
Highway system
← A 60→ A 91
Map of the Grande Raccordo Anulare

Autostrada A90 or Grande Raccordo Anulare (lit. 'Great ring junction') or GRA is a ring-shaped autostrada (Italian for "motorway") 68.2 kilometres (42.4 mi) long in Italy located in the region of Lazio that encircles Rome. It is a part of the E80 European route. GRA is one of the most important roads in Rome, and traffic reaches 160,000 vehicles per day as of 2011.

The GRA features 14 tunnels, with lengths varying from the 66 meters of Parco di Veio II tunnel to the 1,150 m (3,770 ft) meters of the Appia Antica tunnel as well as eight rest areas. It has 42 junctions, with the Via Aurelia numbered 1 and the rest following clockwise.

The motorway has always been toll-free. However, there are plans to introduce a fee for vehicles entering the GRA from highways. Maintenance costs are around €11 million per year.

Its acronym was given after one of its main designers and supporters, Eugenio Gra, chairman of Anas, the Italian roads Authority, at the time of construction. The official number among the Italian motorways is Autostrada A90, but is widely known by Romans as Il Raccordo (lit. 'The Junction').

History

Grande Raccordo Anulare in the 1950s

Plans for an orbital road around Rome were proposed by the end of World War II. One of the designers' main purposes was to build the road as most equally distant as possible from the geographic centre of town, the Campidoglio, 11.4 kilometres (7.1 mi) away from the motorway.

Construction works started in 1948. The first section, Flaminia to Tiburtina (north-to-east section) opened in 1952, later extended in stages. The last section to be opened was the west-to-north section (Aurelia to Flaminia), in 1970.

Although the GRA was initially planned and built as a single-carriageway road, it was soon clear that traffic was rapidly growing well beyond the expectations. Construction works to motorway standards started in late 1950s with first dual-carriageway, four-lane section (Salaria to Tuscolana) opened 1962. Further works were carried over throughout the 1970s, and by 1979, the remainder sections were widened to four-lane and the entire ring classified as toll-free highway.

Widening works to 6-lane started in 1983 and were completed in stages throughout the 1990s and 2000s. As of April 2008 97% of the GRA was 6-lane with final sections (new tunnel under Via Cassia) opened 2011.

Timeline

  • 1948: Building works began.
  • 1951: The Appia-Aurelia section is opened.
  • 1952: The Flaminia-Tiburtina section is opened.
  • 1955: The Tiburtina-Appia section is opened.
  • 1960: The road was part of the marathon course of the 1960 Summer Olympics.[1]
  • 1962: The lane number is doubled in Salaria-Tuscolana section
  • 1970: The Aurelia-Flaminia section is opened, the ring is completed.
  • 1979: GRA is now officially a highway.
  • 1983: Works to a 6-lane set begin.
  • 1997: 50% of the GRA track is on a 6-lane (2x3) set
  • 2000: 75% of the GRA track is on a 6-lane set
  • 2007: 97% of the GRA track is on a 6-lane set
  • 2011: End of works to the 6-lane set

Future expansion

It has been suggested that a second ring might be constructed in the future,[2] firstly as an attempt to alleviate congestion on the old one and secondly to offer access to a number of new industrial, commercial and residential zones built around it. Such a project would imply a new external ring-shaped orbital motorway of about 120 kilometres (75 mi), denominated NIA (Nuova infrastruttura anulare, "New ring infrastructure"), which would cost over €5 billion.

The road was the subject of the 2013 documentary film Sacro GRA which won the Golden Lion at the 70th Venice International Film Festival.[3]

Trivia

Although the name GRA officially stands for Grande Raccordo Anulare ("Great Ring Junction"), the name was actually coined in order to make its acronym be the name of the head of the project, engineer Eugenio Gra.

Route

Grande Raccordo Anulare near Fiumicino exit
Grande Raccordo Anulare near Isola Farnese
Grande Raccordo Anulare near Via Anagnina exit
Grande Raccordo Anulare near Strada statale 1 Via Aurelia exit
‹See TfM› GRANDE RACCORDO ANULARE
Autostrada A90
Exit ↓km↓ ↑km↑ Province European Route
‹See TfM› Via Aurelia
Aurelio
Vatican City
Ladispoli
‹See TfM› ‹See TfM› Civitavecchia
‹See TfM› Port of Civitavecchia
0.0 km
(0 mi)
68.2 km
(42.4 mi)
--
Montespaccato
2.3 km
(1.4 mi)
65.9 km
(40.9 mi)
--
Via della Maglianella - Via di Boccea
Montespaccato
Via della Maglianella
2.6 km
(1.6 mi)
65.6 km
(40.8 mi)
--
Via di Boccea
Primavalle
Casalotti
3.4 km
(2.1 mi)
64.8 km
(40.3 mi)
--
Via di Casal del Marmo
Via di Selva Candida
Palmarola
Primavalle
Casalotti
Selva Candida
4.4 km
(2.7 mi)
60.6 km
(37.7 mi)
--
Rest area "Selva Candida"
8.6 km
(5.3 mi)
59.6 km
(37.0 mi)
--
Via Trionfale
Ipogeo degli Ottavi
Ottavia
Primavalle
‹See TfM› San Filippo Neri Hospital
La Giustiniana
Lake Bracciano
Viterbo
10.0 km
(6.2 mi)
58.2 km
(36.2 mi)
--
‹See TfM› Via Cassia
Tomba di Nerone
Corso Francia
La Giustiniana
Lake Bracciano
Viterbo
12.2 km
(7.6 mi)
56.0 km
(34.8 mi)
--
‹See TfM› Sant'Andrea Hospital
Via di Grottarossa
17.3 km
(10.7 mi)
50.7 km
(31.5 mi)
--
‹See TfM› Via Cassia Veientana
Viterbo
17.5 km
(10.9 mi)
50.9 km
(31.6 mi)
--
Labaro
Labaro
17.8 km
(11.1 mi)
51.2 km
(31.8 mi)
--
‹See TfM› Via Flaminia Saxa Rubra
RAI radio and television centre
‹See TfM› Stadio Olimpico
Flaminio
‹See TfM› Cimitero Flaminio
Prima Porta
Terni
Fano
Perugia
18.1 km
(11.2 mi)
50.1 km
(31.1 mi)
--
Castel Giubileo
Via di Castel Giubileo
Labaro
18.8 km
(11.7 mi)
49.4 km
(30.7 mi)
--
‹See TfM› Via Salaria
Salario
‹See TfM› Rome Urbe Airport
Rieti
‹See TfM› Monte Terminillo
Ascoli Piceno
20.0 km
(12.4 mi)
48.2 km
(30.0 mi)
--
Via di Settebagni
Colle Salario
Fidene
Settebagni
Bel Poggio
20.7 km
(12.9 mi)
47.5 km
(29.5 mi)
--
‹See TfM›‹See TfM› ‹See TfM› GRA-Fiano Romano
‹See TfM›‹See TfM› Firenze
21.0 km
(13.0 mi)
47.2 km
(29.3 mi)
--
Via della Bufalotta
Via delle Vigne Nuove
Monte Sacro Alto
22.3 km
(13.9 mi)
45.9 km
(28.5 mi)
--
Rest area "Settebagni"
23.3 km
(14.5 mi)
44.9 km
(27.9 mi)
--
‹See TfM› Via Nomentana
Talenti
Monte Sacro
Mentana
Monterotondo
Palombara Sabina
Fonte Nuova
26.6 km
(16.5 mi)
41.6 km
(25.8 mi)
--
Centrale del Latte
Torraccia
San Basilio
Via di Sant'Alessandro
Casal Monastero
28.3 km
(17.6 mi)
39.9 km
(24.8 mi)
--
‹See TfM› Via Tiburtina
Ponte Mammolo
‹See TfM› Policlinico Umberto I
Settecamini
Tivoli
29.9 km
(18.6 mi)
38.3 km
(23.8 mi)
--
‹See TfM›‹See TfM› L'Aquila - Teramo
Tangenziale Est
‹See TfM›‹See TfM› Firenze-Napoli
‹See TfM›‹See TfM› Pescara
31.5 km
(19.6 mi)
36.7 km
(22.8 mi)
La Rustica
La Rustica
Tor Sapienza
32.8 km
(20.4 mi)
35.4 km
(22.0 mi)
Uffici Finanziari
Via Capranesi
Via Boglione
34.0 km
(21.1 mi)
34.2 km
(21.3 mi)
‹See TfM› Via Prenestina
Centocelle
Prenestino
Villaggio Falcone
Palestrina
34.6 km
(21.5 mi)
33.6 km
(20.9 mi)
Tor Bella Monaca
Torre Angela
35.0 km
(21.7 mi)
31.2 km
(19.4 mi)
Via Prenestina bis
Centocelle
Prenestino
36.0 km
(22.4 mi)
30.2 km
(18.8 mi)
Rest area "Casilina"
37.5 km
(23.3 mi)
30.3 km
(18.8 mi)
‹See TfM› Via Casilina
Giardinetti
Torre Maura
Casilino
Torre Angela
Frosinone
Cassino
38.0 km
(23.6 mi)
30.2 km
(18.8 mi)
‹See TfM›‹See TfM› GRA-San Cesareo
‹See TfM›‹See TfM› Napoli
39.3 km
(24.4 mi)
28.9 km
(18.0 mi)
La Romanina
‹See TfM› University of Rome Tor Vergata
Torrenova
39.9 km
(24.8 mi)
28.3 km
(17.6 mi)
‹See TfM› Via Tuscolana
‹See TfM› Cinecittà
‹See TfM› Tuscolano
Frascati
40.9 km
(25.4 mi)
27.3 km
(17.0 mi)
‹See TfM› Via Anagnina
‹See TfM› Cinecittà
‹See TfM› Tuscolano
Osteria del Curato
Gregna Sant'Andrea
Casal Morena
Grottaferrata
41.6 km
(25.8 mi)
26.6 km
(16.5 mi)
Gregna Sant'Andrea
Ciampino
43.2 km
(26.8 mi)
43.2 km
(26.8 mi)
‹See TfM› Via Appia
‹See TfM› Appio
‹See TfM› ‹See TfM› San Giovanni
‹See TfM› Rome Ciampino Airport
Cisterna di Latina Velletri
44.4 km
(27.6 mi)
23.8 km
(14.8 mi)
‹See TfM› Via Ardeatina
Ardeatino
‹See TfM› EUR
Divino Amore
Santa Palomba
Ardea
48.0 km
(29.8 mi)
20.2 km
(12.6 mi)
Rest area "Ardeatina"
51.0 km
(31.7 mi)
17.2 km
(10.7 mi)
‹See TfM› Via Laurentina
‹See TfM› Laurentina
‹See TfM› Università Campus Bio-Medico
Trigoria
Ardea
52.6 km
(32.7 mi)
15.6 km
(9.7 mi)
‹See TfM› Via Pontina
EUR
‹See TfM› Sant'Eugenio Hospital
‹See TfM› Palazzo dello sport
Pomezia
Aprilia
Anzio
Latina
Terracina
54.8 km
(34.1 mi)
13.4 km
(8.3 mi)
Via Cristoforo Colombo
Casal Palocco
‹See TfM› Lido di Ostia
55.3 km
(34.4 mi)
12.9 km
(8.0 mi)
‹See TfM› Via del Mare
‹See TfM› Via Ostiense
Ostiense
‹See TfM› Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
Acilia
Ostia Antica
‹See TfM› Lido di Ostia
57.8 km
(35.9 mi)
10.4 km
(6.5 mi)
Parco de' Medici
Viale Parco de' Medici
59.9 km
(37.2 mi)
8.3 km
(5.2 mi)
‹See TfM›‹See TfM› Fiumicino
EUR
Magliana
‹See TfM› Fiera di Roma [it]
‹See TfM›‹See TfM› Civitavecchia
‹See TfM› Port of Civitavecchia
Leonardo Express
‹See TfM› Rome Fiumicino Airport
60.6 km
(37.7 mi)
7.6 km
(4.7 mi)
‹See TfM› Via della Magliana
Trullo
Magliana
Via Portuense
‹See TfM›‹See TfM› Fiumicino
‹See TfM› Port of Fiumicino
Leonardo Express
‹See TfM› Rome Fiumicino Airport
61.1 km
(38.0 mi)
7.1 km
(4.4 mi)
--
Centro direzionale
Via Marchetti
62.1 km
(38.6 mi)
6.1 km
(3.8 mi)
--
Via della Pisana
Gianicolense
Portuense
Ponte Galeria
64.5 km
(40.1 mi)
3.7 km
(2.3 mi)
--
Rest area "Pisana"
66.1 km
(41.1 mi)
2.1 km
(1.3 mi)
--
Via di Casal Lumbroso
Via del Pescaccio
Casal Lumbroso
66.5 km
(41.3 mi)
1.7 km
(1.1 mi)
--
‹See TfM› Via Aurelia
Aurelio
Vatican City
Ladispoli
‹See TfM› ‹See TfM› Civitavecchia
‹See TfM› Port of Civitavecchia
68.2 km
(42.4 mi)
0.0 km
(0 mi)
--

See also

Other Italian roads

References

  1. ^ "1960 Summer Olympics official report" (PDF). p. 118. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  2. ^ "L'ANAS vuole un secondo Raccordo Anulare" (in Italian). Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  3. ^ "Italian documentary Sacro GRA wins Golden Lion". BBC News. 8 September 2013.

Bibliography

Media related to Autostrada A90 (Italy) at Wikimedia Commons

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Territories of China controlled by the Communist Party during the civil war This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (January 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article needs addit...

 

 

VI Corps (United States)

For the VI Corps during the American Civil War, see VI Corps (Union Army). This article cites its sources but does not provide page references. You can help by providing page numbers for existing citations. (September 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message) VI CorpsShoulder sleeve insigniaActive1918–191922–461946–501951–531957–62Country United StatesBranch United States ArmyEngagementsWorld War IICommandersNotablecommandersGeorge Bell Jr.Ernest J. DawleyJohn P. LucasL...