List of massacres in Russia

The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Russia (numbers may be approximate). For massacres that occurred in the Soviet Union, see List of massacres in the Soviet Union:

Pre-Soviet and Soviet Russia

Name Date Location Deaths Description
Siege of Ryazan December 1237 Ryazan Nearly the entire population of Ryazan murdered[quantify] Mongols massacred almost the whole population of Ryazan.[quantify]
Sary-Aka's embassy massacre 31 March 1375 Nizhny Novgorod unknown Sary-Aka along with the rest of his embassy were massacred by the Russians.
Siege of Kazan September–October 1552 Kazan, Khanate of Kazan Upwards of c. 65,000 Last battle of the Russo-Kazan Wars where the forces of Tsar Ivan IV (The Terrible) besieged the city of Kazan and killed the city's population once taken.
Massacre of Novgorod 1570 Novgorod 2,000-15,000 Attack launched by Tsar Ivan IV (The Terrible)'s oprichniki on the city of Novgorod, Russia.
Fire of Moscow (1571) May 1571 Moscow, Russia 10,000-120,000 Massacre conducted by Crimean, Nogai and Circassian forces.
Copper Riot August 4, 1662 Moscow, Russia Around 1,000 Muscovites riot and demand that Tsar Aleksey Mikhailovich hand over a group of "traitors" thought responsible for economic hardship in the city. Troops under the command of the Tsar put down the riot.
Bezdna unrest April 1861 Biznä, Kazan Governorate 50+ Russian troops under the orders of Tsar Alexander II put down a peasant rebellion led by Anton Petrov. The rebels were protesting the details of the Emancipation reform of 1861.
Circassian genocide 1800s–May 21, 1864 Circassia 1,500,000-2,000,000 The Russian Empire ethnically cleansed the Circassian people. The survivors fled to the Ottoman Empire. The Circassian genocide is denied by the Russian government.
Uprising of Polish political exiles in Siberia June 24–28, 1866 On the Circumbaikal Highway, south of Lake Baikal 300 Uprising by Polish Sybiracy in Siberia put down by Russian troops. Leaders of the uprising are all killed.
Bloody Sunday January 22, 1905 Saint Petersburg 143–234 Protesters led by Russian Orthodox priest George Gapon were fired upon by the Leib Guard as they marched on the Winter Palace to petition Tsar Nicholas II.
Lena massacre April 17, 1912 northeast of Bodaybo 150–270 Shooting of goldfield workers on strike in Siberia.
White Terror 1917–1923 Nationwide

20,000-300,000

Red Terror 1918–19 Nationwide 50,000-600,000 In Crimea alone, 50,000 White PoWs and civilians were executed in 1920. 800,000 Red Army desertees were arrested and many were killed with their families.[citation needed]
Tambov Rebellion 19 August 1920 – June 1921 Tambov Governorate 15,000+ (figure of deaths due to execution only) Total of 240,000[1] rebels and civilians killed by communist forces.
Katyn massacre April–May 1940 Katyn, Tver 10,702 Polish military officers and intelligentsia POWs 10,702 of the 22,000 victims of the Soviet-perpetrated massacre were murdered in Tver and Katyn.[2]
Medvedev Forest massacre 11 September 1941 Medvedev Forest, near Oryol 157 Soviet massacre of political prisoners
Rostov-on-Dov massacre 1942–1943 Zmievskaya Balka, Rostov-on-Don 27,000 Jews and other Soviet Civilians Organized by Nazi forces; part of the Holocaust in Russia[3]
Nizhny Chir massacre [ru] 2 September 1942 Nizhny Chir, Stalingrad Oblast 47 Killing of 47 children with intellectual disabilities organized by Nazi forces[4][5]
Bolshoye Zarechye massacre [ru] 30 October 1943 Bolshoye Zarechye [ru], Leningrad Oblast 66 Soviet civilians were shot and burned alive by the German Army.[6][7]
Krasukha massacre [ru] 27 November 1943 Krasukha [ru], Pskov Oblast 280 Soviet civilians were burned alive by the German Army.[8]
Novocherkassk massacre 2 June 1962 Novocherkassk 26 (officially) Soviet massacre of rallying unarmed civilians.

Post-Soviet Russia

Name Date Location Deaths Description
1992 Tatarstan shooting April 29, 1992 Kazan, Tatarstan 9 Andrey Shpagonov killed nine people and wounded another while trying to steal firearms during a robbery. He was sentenced to death and executed in 1995.
Vyaznikovsky Colony riot July 6–7, 1993 Vyaznikovsky District, Vladimir Oblast 5 Inmates rioted at a maximum security prison outside Moscow, the toll was five dead and 44 wounded[9][10]
1993 Russian constitutional crisis September 21 – October 4, 1993 Moscow 147 437 wounded
Shali cluster bomb attack January 3, 1995 Shali, Chechnya 55–100 Russian fighter jets dropped cluster munitions on the town of Shali. Targets included a school; cemetery, hospital, fuel station and a collective farm.
Samashki massacre April 7–8, 1995 Samashki, Chechnya 250+ The massacre of 100–300 civilians in the village of Samashki by Russian paramilitary troops.
Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis 14–19 June 1995 Budyonnovsk, Stavropol Krai 166 Some 200 armed men under the command of Chechen warlords Shamil Basayev, Aslambek Abdulkhadzhiev and Aslambek Ismailov occupied key areas of the city of Budyonnovsk. They took hostages and demanded the end of the First Chechen War.
Kizlyar-Pervomayskoye hostage crisis January 9–18, 1996 Kizlyar and Pervomayskoye-Sovetskoye, Dagestan 26+ Forces led by warlord Salman Raduyev crossed over from Chechnya and took thousands of hostages in Kizlyar. Most were released but at least 26 were killed and some 200 fighters on both sides died during the battle that followed.
Shatoy ambush April 16, 1996 Yarysh-mardy, Chechnya 100–226 Chechen rebels led by Ibn al-Khattab ambushed and massacres a battalion of Russian soldiers
Kotlyakovskoya Cemetery bombing November 10, 1996 Moscow 14 A bomb exploded at a cemetery during a funeral for the president of the Soviet-Afghan war veterans group who had been murdered. The group had ties to organized crime. The assailants were two former members of the group who had formed a splinter group.
1996 Kaspiysk bombing November 16, 1996 Kaspiysk, Dagestan 68 Chechen terrorists bombed an apartment building killing 68 people including 21 children.
Killing of Red Cross workers at Novye Atagi December 17, 1996 Novye Atagi, Chechnya 7 Unidentified men stormed a Red Cross facility in the village of Novye Atagi. All 7 killed came from outside Russia and Chechnya.
1998 abduction of foreign engineers in Chechnya October 3 – December 8, 1998 Grozny, Ichkeria 4 About 20 Chechen separatists kidnapped four engineers, three British and one New Zealander. The bodies of the engineers were found on 8 December
1999 Vladikavkaz bombing March 19, 1999 Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia–Alania 52 Four young Chechen men of the Chechen Repiublic of Ichkeria detonated a bomb in a crowded market, killing 52 people. They also committed two other bombings of a Russian military housing complex and a train station and also kidnapped four Russian soldiers later in 1999.
Russian apartment bombings September 4–16, 1999 Buynaksk, Moscow and Volgodonsk 293 A number of bombs go off in high rise apartment buildings in three Russian cities. Another bomb was defused in Ryazan. The Russian government blamed the breakaway Republic of Chechnya but a number of conspiracies abound.
Tukhchar massacre September 5, 1999 Tukhchar, Novolaksky District, Dagestan 6 Mass execution of POWs by Islamic International Peacekeeping Brigade, One tape created in September 1999 showed six Russian servicemen, one as young as 19, being executed by Chechen militants[11]
Elistanzhi cluster bomb attack October 7, 1999 Elistanzhi, Chechnya 34 Two Russian Air Force Sukhoi Su-24 use cluster munitions on the remote mountain village of Elistanzhi. The local school is destroyed with 9 children inside.
Mikenskaya shooting October 8, 1999 Mikenskaya, Naursky District, Ichkeria 34+ Ahmed Ibragimov shot 34 Russian inhabitants and wounded more than 20 others
Grozny ballistic missile attack October 21, 1999 Grozny, Chechnya 118[12] 100 plus people die in indiscriminate bombing on the Chechen capital of Grozny by the Strategic Missile Troops.
Baku–Rostov highway bombing October 29, 1999 Shaami Yurt, Chechnya 25 Low flying Russian Air Force helicopters perform repeated attack runs on a large numbers refugees trying to enter Ingushetia.
1999 Grozny refugee convoy shooting December 3, 1999 Goity, Chechnya Around 40 OMON officers use automatic rifles on a convoy of refugees at a federal roadblock on the road to Ingushetia.
Alkhan-Yurt massacre December, 1999 Alkhan-Yurt, Chechnya 17–41 Over two weeks drunken Russian troops under the command of General Vladimir Shamanov went on the rampage after taking the town from the forces of Akhmed Zakayev.
Staropromyslovski massacre December 1999 – January 2000 Grozny, Chechnya 38–56 Summary executions of at least 38 confirmed civilians by Russian federal soldiers in Grozny, Chechnya.
Bombing of Katyr-Yurt February 4, 2000 Katyr-Yurt, Chechnya 170–363 Indiscriminate bombing by the Russian Air Force of the village of Katyr-Yurt and a refugee convoy under white flags.
Novye Aldi massacre February 5, 2000 Groznensky District, Chechnya 60–82 The killings, including executions, of 60 to 82 local civilians by special police unit, OMON, and rapes of at least six women along with arson and robbery in Grozny, Chechnya.
Komsomolskoye massacre March 20, 2000 Komsomolskoye, Chechnya 72 Chechen combantants who surrendered after the Battle of Komsomolskoye on the public promise of amnesty are killed and "disappeared" shortly after.
June 2000 Chechnya suicide bombings June 6, 2000 Chechnya, North Caucasian Federal District 2 — Russia claimed

27 — rebels claimed

The 17-year-old Khava Barayeva (relative of Arbi Barayev), accompanied by 16-year-old Luiza Magomadova, drove a truck loaded with explosives through a checkpoint of an OMON base at Alkhan-Yurt in Chechnya. Barayeva detonated her bomb outside the barracks, killing a number of paramilitary police troops (rebels claimed up to 27 were killed, but the Russians claimed only two were killed and five were injured)
July 2000 Chechnya suicide bombings July 2–3, 2000 Chechnya, North Caucasian Federal District 54 (48 soldiers, 6 bombers) Insurgents launched five suicide bomb attacks on the Russian military and police headquarters and barracks within 24 hours. Six bombers killed at least 37 Russian troops (with four more missing) and 11 civilians, and wounded more than 100 people
2001 Grozny Mi-8 crash September 17, 2001 Grozny, Chechnya 13 A surface-to-air missile shot down a VIP Mi-8 helicopter over Grozny, killing Major-General Anatoli Pozdnyakov, member of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces, Major-General Pavel Varfolomeyev, deputy director of staff of the Defence Ministry of Russia, eight colonels, and three crewmembers.
Tsotsin-Yurt operation December 30, 2001 - January 3, 2002 Tsotsin-Yurt, Argun, Chechnya 21+ 11+ disappeared
Nizhny Tagil mass murder (2002–2007) 2002-2007 Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk Oblast 30 Murders of women by a gang of pimps between 2002 and 2005.
2002 Grozny OMON ambush April 18, 2002 Grozny, Chechnya 21 Insurgents killed 21 and wounded seven Chechen OMON officers in ambush
Kaspiysk bombing May 9, 2002 Kaspiysk, Dagestan 44 A bomb planted at a military parade to celebrate Victory Day goes off. The Russian state blamed Rappani Khalilov.
Moscow theater hostage crisis October 23–26, 2002 Moscow 204 Chechen terrorists under the command of Movsar Barayev storm a theatre in Moscow and took hostages. They demanded an end to the Second Chechen War. They killed some of the hostages and then Russian special forces stormed the building.
2002 Grozny truck bombing December 27, 2002 Grozny, Chechnya 86 The truck bombing of the Chechen parliament kills 83 people.
2003 Znamenskoye suicide bombing May 12, 2003 Znamenskoye, Nadterechny District, Chechnya 62 Three suicide bombers rammed a truck into a government building housing the regional headquarters of the Federal Security Service
2003 Tushino bombing July 5, 2003 Tushino airfield, Moscow 17 Two female suicide bombers detonated during a rock festival at Tushino Airfield.
2003 Stavropol train bombing December 5, 2003 Yessentuki, Stavropol Krai 46 A suicide bomber detonates a bomb on a commuter train.
2003 Red Square bombing December 9, 2003 Moscow 6 A female suicide bomber detonates a bomb on a busy street near the Kremlin. The government blames Riyad-us Saliheen.
Moscow Metro bombing February 6, 2004 Moscow 41 Anzor Izhayev blows himself up on the Russian Metro.
2004 Arkhangelsk explosion March 16, 2004 Arkhangelsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Northwestern Federal District 58 Explosion intentionally caused by Sergey Alekseychik, 170 injured.[13]
2004 Grozny stadium bombing May 9, 2004 Grozny, Chechnya 10 A bomb exploded in the Dynamo stadium in the Chechen capital, killing the republic's president Akhmad Kadyrov. The explosion was caused by a bomb planted inside a concrete pillar and occurred at 10:35am during a parade and concert celebrating the 59th anniversary of the victory of Germany in World War 2. The blast tore a hole in the section designate for dignitaries. Khussein Isayev, chairman of the Republic's state council, and Adlan Khasanov, a reporter for Reuters, were also killed in the blast. Col. Gen. Valery Baranov, the commander of the Russian military in the northern Caucasus was gravely wounded. Although estimates of total casualties varied, at least ten people were killed and around fifty more injured. Officials believe that the blast was detonated by remote control and was intentionally installed below the VIP section. Rebel leader Shamil Basayev claimed responsibility for the blast.
2004 Nazran raid June 21–22, 2004 Nazran, Ingushetia 92 A group of Ingush and Chechen militants raided Ingushetia's largest city and attacked several government buildings. In total 92 people, almost all of them civilians and members of the security forces were killed.
2004 Russian aircraft bombings 24 August 2004 Tula and Rostov Oblasts 90 Two airplanes that flew out of Domodedovo International Airport in Moscow were destroyed by 2 Chechen female suicide bombers, killing all 90 people on both flights.
August 2004 Moscow Metro bombing August 31, 2004 Moscow 11 A female suicide bomber blew herself up outside of the entrance to the Rizhshkaya subway station and the Krestovskiy shopping center. The explosive device was equivalent to 2 kg of TNT. The explosion was intended to occur inside the station, but the woman apparently was afraid of the police searching people and papers at the entrance to the station. The Islambouli Brigade of Martyrs claimed responsibility for the attack. 11 people were killed in the attack and at least fifty wounded. The suicide bomber was identified as Roza Magayeva, the sister of Aminat Nagayev who is believed to be responsible for one of the two airliner crashes on August 24. In a letter, Shamil Basayev claimed responsibility for the incident.
Beslan school hostage crisis September 1, 2004 Beslan, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania 334 Hostage taking of over 1,100 people ending with 333 people killed in Beslan, North Ossetia.
2004 Nalchik raid December 14, 2004 Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkaria 4 Armed raid against headquarters of the regional branch of the Federal Drug Control Service (FSKN) in Nalchik by Yarmuk Jamaat
January 2005 Dagestan Raids January 15, 2005 Makhachkala and Kaspiysk, Daghestan 10 Russian security forces raid two Islamist safehouses in Makhachkala and Kaspiysk, 4 commandos died in the raids as did six militants.
Borozdinovskaya operation June 4, 2005 Borozdinovskaya, Shelkovsky District, Chechnya At least 1 killed,

at least 11 "disappeared"

Members of the Special Battalion Vostok, an ethnic Chechen Spetsnaz unit of the Russian GRU, killed or disappeared 12 people in the ethnic minority Avar village of Borozdinovskaya, near the border with the Dagestan.
Makhachkala Rus bombing July 1, 2005 Makhachkala, Dagestan 11 Blast killed 10 soldiers and wounded 7.
2005 raid on Nalchik October 13–14, 2005 Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkaria 142 Several hundred militants belonging to the Caucasian Front and Yarmuk Jamaat attack several targets across Nalchik, including several government buildings, police stations and the airport. In total, 142 people were killed in the attacks including at least 35 members of Russian security forces, at least 14 civilians and at least 89 militants.
2006 Moscow market bombing August 21, 2006 Moscow 13 A bomb exploded at Cherkizovsky Market, frequented by Central Asian and Caucasian immigrants. The bombing killed 13 people and injured 47, Eight members from the group The Saviour were convicted for the bombing.
2006 Vladikavkaz Mi-8 crash September 11, 2006 Near Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia–Alania 12 An Mi-8 helicopter carrying 15 high ranking Russian officers was shot down, killing twelve of the helicopter's occupants. Ossetian rebel group Kataib al-Khoul claimed responsibility.
2007 Balashikha shooting April 23, 2007 Balashikha, Moscow Oblast 4 Alexander Levin shot four people.
2007 Zhani-Vedeno ambush October 7, 2007 Zhani-Vedeno, Chechnya 30 At least four local troops killed and 16 hospitalized in the 2007 Zhani-Vedeno ambush. One militant died during the ambush.
Tolyatti bus bombing October 31, 2007 Tolyatti, Samara Oblast 8 about 50 injured
Sochi bombings April 3, 2008 — February 20, 2009 Sochi, Krasnodar Krai 8 46 injured
2008 Vladikavkaz bombing November 6, 2008 Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia 12 A bombing on a microbus killed 11 people and injured 41 more. The attack occurred in the province of North Ossetia bordering war-scarred Chechnya as well as the disputed territory of South Ossetia. Investigators stated that a female suicide bomber may have conducted the attack
2009 Nazran bombing August 17, 2009 Nazran, Ingushetia 25 At least 25 people were killed by a powerful bomb attack at a police station
2009 Nevsky Express bombing November 27, 2009 Between Alyoshinka and Uglovka, Novgorod Oblast 28 A bomb detonated on a track and derailed a train of the Nevsky Express, travelling from Moscow to St Petersburg, killing 28 people and injuring up to another 96 No group has claimed responsibility, though Chechen separatists and rebels in the North Caucasus are believed to be the most likely perpetrators for this attack
2010 Moscow metro bombing March 29, 2010 Moscow 40 40 killed and 102 injured as a result of two separate suicide bombings on Moscow metro
2010 Kizlyar suicide bombings March 31, 2010 Kizlyar, Dagestan 12 A suicide car bomber detonated outside the offices of the local interior ministry and the FSB intelligence agency. Another suicide bomber impersonating as a police officer then detonated 20 minutes later on the same street as a crowd gathered
2010 Stavropol bomb blast May 26, 2010 Stavropol, Stavropol Krai, 8 40 injured
2010 Tsentoroy Attack August 29, 2010 Tsentoroy, Chechnya 33
2010 Vladikavkaz bombing September 8, 2010 Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia–Alania 17 (including the perpetrator) A Suicide car bomber detonated his explosives killing at least 17 and injuring 161
Kushchyovskaya massacre November 2010 Kushchyovsky District, Krasnodar Krai 12 The stabbing of 12 people (including four children) in the village of Kushchyovskaya.
Domodedovo International Airport bombing January 24, 2011 Domodedovo Airport, Domodedovsky District, Moscow Oblast 38 Suicide bombing in the international arrival hall of Moscow's busiest airport
2012 Makhachkala attack May 3, 2012 Makhachkala, Dagestan 13-40 100-130 injured
2012 Moscow shooting November 7, 2012 Moscow 6 Dmitry Vinogradov shot and killed six people and wounded another at his workplace with a shotgun.
2013 Belgorod shooting April 22, 2013 Belgorod, Belgorod Oblast 6 31-year-old Sergey Pomazun shot six people dead in a gun store and the street. He was arrested the next day
October 2013 Volgograd bus bombing October 21, 2013 Volgograd, Volgograd Oblast, Southern Federal District 8 (including the perpetrator) A Female suicide bomber Naida Sirazhudinovna Asiyalova, who detonated an explosive belt inside a bus carrying approximately 40 people—predominantly students. The bombing killed seven civilians and injured at least 41 others
December 2013 Volgograd bombings December 29–30, 2013 Volgograd, Volgograd Oblast, Southern Federal District 34 (including the perpetrators) 85 injured
2014 Grozny bombing October 5, 2014 Grozny, Chechnya 6 (including the bomber) 12 injured
2014 Grozny clashes December 4, 2014 Grozny, Chechnya 26 14 policemen, 11 militants and 1 civilian were killed. Additionally 36 policemen were wounded in the incident. The Press House was also burned and severely damaged in the incident
Ivashevka massacre April 24, 2016 Ivashevka, Samara Oblast 6
2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing April 3, 2017 On a Saint Petersburg Metro train between Sennaya Ploshchad and Tekhnologichesky Institut stations, Saint Petersburg 16 (including the perpetrator) A suicide bomber blew himself up on the St. Petersburg metro. The bomber was born in Kyrgyzstan and had ties to radical Islamists, 64 injured
Kizlyar church shooting February 18, 2018 Kizlyar, Dagestan 6 (including the perpetrator) Shooting at a church by Islamic State. The attacker was shot and killed by police
Kazan school shooting May 11, 2021 Jaudata Faizi Street, 8, Kazan, Tatarstan 9 A 19-year-old Ilnaz Galyaviev, who got expelled from his college, attacked his former school. He killed two teachers and seven eighth graders.
Perm State University shooting September 20, 2021 Perm State University, Perm, Perm Krai 6 An 18-year-old student Timur Bekmansurov opened fire near a Perm State University building and inside it. After several minutes he was shot by police and arrested
Veshkayma kindergarten shooting April 26, 2022 Veshkayma, Ulyanovsk Oblast 5 (including the perpetrator and the gun's original owner) Ruslan Akhtyamov shot five people with a shotgun, killing four before committing suicide.
Izhevsk school shooting September 26, 2022 Pushkinskaya Ulitsa, 285, Izhevsk, Udmurtia 19 (including the perpetrator) 34-years old man with mental illness Artyom Kazantsev entered school No. 88 in Izhevsk, where he killed 11 students aged 7 to 15 and 7 workers of school, before committed suicide.
Soloti military training ground shooting October 15, 2022 Soloti, Valuysky District, Belgorod Oblast 13 (including both perpetrators) Two conscripts from Tajikistan opened fire, killing 11 people before being killed by returned fire
Crocus City Hall attack March 22, 2024 Crocus City Hall, Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast 145 Several gunmen opened fire and used incendiary devices at a music venue
2024 Dagestan attacks June 23, 2024 Derbent, Sergokala and Makhachkala, Dagestan 27[14] (including 5 perpetrators) Two synagogues, two Eastern Orthodox churches, and a traffic police post were attacked simultaneously with automatic weapons and Molotov cocktails.
Surovikino penal colony hostage crisis August 23, 2024 IK-19 Surovikino penal colony, Surovikino, Volgograd Oblast 13 (including four attackers) Four Islamic State attackers took at least four prison guards hostage. Thirteen people were killed, including five employees and all four attackers. Two others are injured

See also

References

  1. ^ Sennikov, B.V. (2004). Tambov rebellion and liquidation of peasants in Russia. Moscow: Posev [ru]. In Russian. ISBN 5-85824-152-2
  2. ^ Zbrodnia katyńska (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. 2020. p. 15. ISBN 978-83-8098-825-5.
  3. ^ Nicholson, Katie; Seminoff, Corinne; Ho, Jason (March 22, 2021) [March 21, 2021]. "Jews in Russian city scarred by WWII massacre watch Canada's decision on Nazi interpreter". CBC News.
  4. ^ ""Дядя, я хочу жить, не стреляйте в меня…". Расстрел детей Нижнечирского детского дома – СЕКРЕТЁВ.РФ". секретёв.рф (in Russian). 1 April 2016. Retrieved 24 November 2023. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  5. ^ "В 1942 году эсэсовцы в станице Нижне-Чирской расстреляли 47 воспитанников детского дома: varjag2007su — LiveJournal" (in Russian). 23 November 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  6. ^ Vaschenkov, Pavel (24 March 2020). "Большое Заречье, деревня, которую безжалостно спалили до тла в 1943–м, остались только печи... – Pavel Vaschenkov – Дзен". dzen.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  7. ^ "Здесь была жизнь: в Ленобласти зажгли лампады в память о жертвах "русской Хатыни" – деревни Большое Заречье – Online47.ru". online47.ru (in Russian). 28 October 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  8. ^ "79 лет прошло с массовой казни жителей деревни Красуха Порховского района – ПЛН". pln24.ru (in Russian). 27 November 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  9. ^ "Five killed, 44 injured in Russian prison riot – UPI Archives". United Press International. July 8, 1993. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
  10. ^ "Последствия бунта в Вязниковской колонии – Газета Коммерсантъ № 129 (352) от 10.07.1993". Kommersant (in Russian). July 10, 1993. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
  11. ^ "В селе Тухчар состоялось возложение венков к памятнику российских военнослужащих, погибших во время боевых действий в 1999 году - Информационный портал РИА "Дагестан"". riadagestan.ru (in Russian). 6 September 2019. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  12. ^ Moscow, Maria Eismont Amelia Gentleman in (October 23, 1999). "Russians in disarray over Grozny strike" – via www.theguardian.com.
  13. ^ "Взрыв в доме Архангельска 20 лет назад: хроника происшествия - 16 марта 2024 - 29.ру". 29.ru (in Russian). 16 March 2024. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
  14. ^ "Число погибших в результате терактов в Дагестане выросло до 22 человек". www.kommersant.ru (in Russian). 2024-07-01.

Further reading