PROFILPELAJAR.COM

In mathematics, specifically in order theory and functional analysis, two elements x and y of a vector lattice X are lattice disjoint or simply disjoint if $\inf \left\{|x|,|y|\right\}=0$ , in which case we write $x\perp y$ , where the absolute value of x is defined to be $|x|:=\sup \left\{x,-x\right\}$ .^[1] We say that two sets A and B are lattice disjoint or disjoint if a and b are disjoint for all a in A and all b in B, in which case we write $A\perp B$ .^[2] If A is the singleton set $\{a\}$ then we will write $a\perp B$ in place of $\{a\}\perp B$ . For any set A, we define the disjoint complement to be the set $A^{\perp }:=\left\{x\in X:x\perp A\right\}$ .^[2]

Characterizations

Two elements x and y are disjoint if and only if $\sup\{|x|,|y|\}=|x|+|y|$ . If x and y are disjoint then $|x+y|=|x|+|y|$ and $\left(x+y\right)^{+}=x^{+}+y^{+}$ , where for any element z, $z^{+}:=\sup \left\{z,0\right\}$ and $z^{-}:=\sup \left\{-z,0\right\}$ .

Properties

Disjoint complements are always bands, but the converse is not true in general. If A is a subset of X such that $x=\sup A$ exists, and if B is a subset lattice in X that is disjoint from A, then B is a lattice disjoint from $\{x\}$ .^[2]

Representation as a disjoint sum of positive elements

For any x in X, let $x^{+}:=\sup \left\{x,0\right\}$ and $x^{-}:=\sup \left\{-x,0\right\}$ , where note that both of these elements are $\geq 0$ and $x=x^{+}-x^{-}$ with $|x|=x^{+}+x^{-}$ . Then $x^{+}$ and $x^{-}$ are disjoint, and $x=x^{+}-x^{-}$ is the unique representation of x as the difference of disjoint elements that are $\geq 0$ .^[2] For all x and y in X, $\left|x^{+}-y^{+}\right|\leq |x-y|$ and $x+y=\sup\{x,y\}+\inf\{x,y\}$ .^[2] If y ≥ 0 and x ≤ y then x⁺ ≤ y. Moreover, $x\leq y$ if and only if $x^{+}\leq y^{+}$ and $x^{-}\leq x^{-1}$ .^[2]

References

^ Schaefer & Wolff 1999, pp. 204–214.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Schaefer & Wolff 1999, pp. 74–78.

Sources

Schaefer, Helmut H.; Wolff, Manfred P. (1999). Topological Vector Spaces. GTM. Vol. 3. New York, NY: Springer New York Imprint Springer. ISBN 978-1-4612-7155-0. OCLC 840278135.