Look up homology, homological, homologous, or homologue in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Homology, homologous, homologation or homological may refer...

regardless of current functional differences. Evolutionary biology explains homologous structures as retained heredity from a common ancestor after having been...

Homologous chromosomes or homologs are a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during meiosis. Homologs...

Homologous temperature expresses the thermodynamic temperature of a material as a fraction of the thermodynamic temperature of its melting point (i.e....

In organic chemistry, a homologous series is a sequence of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties in which the members...

Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which genetic information is exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of double-stranded...

letter Chi, Χ) between the homologous chromosomes. In most organisms, these links can help direct each pair of homologous chromosomes to segregate away...

Homologous desensitization occurs when a receptor decreases its response to an agonist at high concentration. It is a process through which, after prolonged...

Allotransplant (allo- meaning "other" in Greek) is the transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs to a recipient from a genetically non-identical donor...

Non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) is a form of homologous recombination that occurs between two lengths of DNA that have high sequence similarity...

doi:10.1016/0016-5085(93)90261-a. PMID 8385046. Bradley, WH (1946). "Homologous Serum Jaundice". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 39 (10):...

human cells, there are two main DSB repair mechanisms: Homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). HR can be seen as a more accurate...

double-strand breaks (DSBs): non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ), and homologous recombination (HR): In NHEJ, DNA...

or that female masturbation is taboo and disgraceful. The clitoris is homologous to the majority of the penis in males. The Oxford English Dictionary states...

Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a pathway that repairs double-strand breaks in DNA. It is called "non-homologous" because the break ends are directly...

two chromosomes that occurs during meiosis. It allows matching-up of homologous pairs prior to their segregation, and possible chromosomal crossover between...

of alleles whose loci are on different but homologous chromosomes (random orientation of pairs of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I); & (2) intrachromosomal...

that have arisen through convergent evolution are analogous, whereas homologous structures or traits have a common origin but can have dissimilar functions...

most common form of HDR is homologous recombination. The HDR mechanism can only be used by the cell when there is a homologous piece of DNA present in the...

deletions can also sometimes be difficult to align and so identify the homologous sequence regions. In the PA clan of proteases, for example, not a single...

number of maternal and paternal chromosome copies, respectively, in each homologous chromosome pair—the form in which chromosomes naturally exist. Somatic...

bivalent is one pair of chromosomes (homologous chromosomes) in a tetrad. A tetrad is the association of a pair of homologous chromosomes (4 sister chromatids)...

multiple sequences are used to indicate which regions of each sequence are homologous. The term "percent homology" is often used to mean "sequence similarity"...

Non-homologous isofunctional enzymes (NISEs) refer to any set of evolutionarily unrelated enzymes that catalyze the same chemical reaction. Enzymes that...

complementary undamaged strand in DNA as a template or an undamaged sequence in a homologous chromosome if it is available for copying. If a cell retains DNA damage...

the exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction between two homologous chromosomes' non-sister chromatids that results in recombinant chromosomes...

external clitoral shaft, develops as part of the labia minora and is homologous with the foreskin (also called the prepuce) in the male reproductive system...

Differentiating from a duplication event 30-40 MYA, the two opsins are highly homologous (very similar), having only 19 dimorphic sites (amino acids that differ)...

Catholic Church opposes artificial insemination regardless of whether it is homologous (from the husband) or heterologous (from a donor) and in vitro fertilization...

organism's genome. This can be done through a variety of methods, including homologous recombination, CRISPR-Cas9, and TALENs. One of the main advantages of...

labia minora, they form the labia of the vulva. The labia majora are homologous to the male scrotum. Labia majora is the Latin plural for big ("major")...

B1B2 drawn through corresponding endpoints of those radii, which are homologous points, intersect each other and the line of centers at the external homothetic...

genitalia are distinctly male or female being and derived from their homologous structures. At 16 weeks post-conception, the genitalia are formed and...

chromosome", or in the modern sense of having the same order of genes on two (homologous) strings of DNA (or chromosomes). The classical concept is related to...

form of recombination in which a crossing over takes place between two homologous DNA sequences located at non-allelic chromosomal positions. Such recombination...

Somatic pairing of homologous chromosomes is similar to pre- and early meiotic pairing (see article: Homologous chromosome#In meiosis), and has been observed...

body modifications to the penis, including circumcision. The penis is homologous to the clitoris in females. Three main parts of the human penis include:...

in which the cells of an organism have more than two paired sets of (homologous) chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (eukaryotes) are diploid...

these structures share a common origin between lineages (i.e., they are homologous), or if they were the result of widespread experimentation with skin coverings...

is the male gonad in all gonochoric animals, including humans, and is homologous to the ovary, which is the female gonad. Its primary functions are the...

undergo cheek augmentation, a form of cosmetic surgery. The zygomatic is homologous to the jugal bone of other tetrapods. In non-mammalian vertebrates, the...

Cooper PK (2016). "Non-catalytic Roles for XPG with BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Homologous Recombination and Genome Stability". Mol. Cell. 61 (4): 535–46. doi:10...

organism, that provide protection. Various types of "cuticle" are non-homologous, differing in their origin, structure, function, and chemical composition...

(wrist bones), which articulate with the forearm. The metacarpal bones are homologous to the metatarsal bones in the foot. The metacarpals form a transverse...

proofreading is utilized in the system of homologous recombination to discern between similar DNA sequences. Homologous recombination facilitates the exchange...

growth factor. Members FGF11, FGF12, FGF13, and FGF14, also known as FGF homologous factors 1-4 (FHF1-FHF4), have been shown to have distinct functions compared...

city and suburban slums. Most aspects of human physiology are closely homologous to corresponding aspects of animal physiology. The dental formula of humans...

of kingfishers and woodpeckers. The scales of birds are thought to be homologous to those of reptiles and mammals. Most birds can fly, which distinguishes...

convergent evolution adapting to marine environments, so the fins are not all homologous. They are found in most fish, in mammals such as whales, and in extinct...

pathways by which this will occur is the repair mechanism known as non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Illegitimate recombination is a natural process which...

diploid. Diploid organisms have the same loci on each of their two sets of homologous chromosomes except that the sequences at these loci may differ between...

digits (fingers and toes) of almost all primates (except for marmosets), homologous to the claws in other tetrapod animals. Fingernails and toenails are made...

have shared ancestry (are homologous) to those in the forelimbs and hindlimbs of all other tetrapods, which are in turn homologous to the pectoral and pelvic...

exchanged with corresponding sections of the homologous chromatids with which they are paired during meiosis. Homologous chromosomes might or might not be the...

Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a syndrome, characterized by inflammation in different organs. GvHD is commonly associated with bone marrow transplants...

to an arthropod's thorax and abdomen. Instead, most of their body is homologous to an arthropod's head. Tardigrades are usually about 0.5 mm (0.02 in)...

Wernicke's area (/ˈvɛərnɪkə/; German: [ˈvɛɐ̯nɪkə]), sometimes referred to as Wernicke's speech region, is one of the two principal regions of the brain...

differentiation processes are governed by genetic mechanisms that are homologous and deeply conserved across a wide range of species. Deep homology on...

that shared developmental pathways structure the covariation of serially homologous limbs. Deep homology Evolutionary developmental biology R:Webster 1913...

genetic defect in a cluster of proteins responsible for DNA repair via homologous recombination. The well-known cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2...

While, in ancient times, the vagina was often considered equivalent (homologous) to the penis, with anatomists Galen (129 AD – 200 AD) and Vesalius (1514–1564)...

as are present in the human penis or glans penis. As the clitoris is homologous to the penis, it is equivalent in its capacity to receive sexual stimulation...

Vexin is a protein encoded by VXN gene. VXN is found to be highly expressed in regions of the brain and spinal cord. VXN is found along the plus strand...

Terminal nucleotidyltransferase 5C also known as family with sequence similarity 46, member C (FAM46C) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the...

sister chromatids formed as a consequence of DNA replication, or paired homologous chromosomes, separate from each other and migrate to opposite poles of...

is non-homologous based. To distinguish between this and homologous based mechanisms, one must understand the concept of homology. Homologous pairing...

methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) to sites of DNA double-strand breaks. During homologous recombinational repair (HR) of the double-strand break, the involvement...

complementary strands derived from different sources, such as from different homologous chromosomes or even from different organisms. One such example is the...

birth. More specifically than the similarity in body plan, there are homologous bones across mammalian taxa. For example, the pentadactyl limb bone structure...

not be confused with the ploidy of an organism, which is the number of homologous versions of a chromosome. Chromatids may be sister or non-sister chromatids...

between the labia majora and together form the labia. The labia minora are homologous to the penile raphe and ventral penile skin in males. The labia minora...

patens is one of a few known multicellular organisms with highly efficient homologous recombination. meaning that an exogenous DNA sequence can be targeted...

becomes a complete one before the penile crura. The body of the penis is homologous to the female clitoral body. The body of the penis is suspended from the...

and recombination. This type of translocation may involve homologous (paired) or non-homologous chromosomes. Owing to the acrocentric nature of the chromosomes...

protein (zo-1). PDZ domains have previously been referred to as DHR (Dlg homologous region) or GLGF (glycine-leucine-glycine-phenylalanine) domains. In general...

blood donor and transfusion recipient are the same, or as allogeneic/homologous, where the blood is transfused into someone other than the donor. Blood...

recombinase and strand-exchange protein, catalyzing the central steps of homologous recombination by forming nucleoprotein filaments on single-stranded DNA...

other being the laterally positioned pectoral fins). The pelvic fins are homologous to the hindlimbs of tetrapods, which evolved from lobe-finned fish during...

information regarding structures to match homologous structures to the created protein sequences. These homologous structures are assembled to give compact...

of erectile tissue that engorge with blood during an erection. This is homologous to the corpus cavernosum of the penis. The term corpora cavernosa literally...

An offspring thus receives a pair of alleles for a trait by inheriting homologous chromosomes from the parent organisms: one allele for each trait from...

from P to Q and back. Within the doubly punctured plane this curve is homologous to zero but not homotopic to zero. Its winding number about any point...

breaks are repaired through homology-directed recombination (HDR) or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), resulting in targeted mutations. The development of...

DNA damage-inducible transcript 3, also known as C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), is a pro-apoptotic transcription factor that is encoded by the DDIT3...

assists in repair of DNA double strand breaks. RAD51 family members are homologous to the bacterial RecA, Archaeal RadA, and yeast Rad51. The protein is...

DNA damage through three DNA repair pathways: homologous recombinational repair (HRR), non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), and nucleotide excision repair...

30 or so SCRs are further grouped into four longer regions termed long homologous repeats (LHRs) each encoding approximately 45 kDa of protein and designated...

corresponding points or corresponding features, also known as homologous points or homologous features. The images can be taken from a different point of...

reaction that converts the reactant into the next member of the homologous series. A homologous series is a group of compounds that differ by a constant unit...

the animal breathes air. In baleen whales, these are in pairs. It is homologous with the nostril of other mammals, and evolved via gradual movement of...

cells in order to provide increased repair of damaged DNA by means of homologous recombination. This response may be a primitive form of sexual interaction...

ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancers, a core enzyme employed in homologous recombination repair (HRR) of DNA damage is often defective due to LOH...

on the Nature International Journal of Science, this characteristic of homologous structure is said to have been evolved from a common ancestor. This feature...

images. It is an iconic symbol for the Buddha in many parts of Asia and homologous with the dharma wheel. The shape symbolises eternal cycling, a theme found...

plant genome, DNA double-strand breaks can be efficiently repaired by homologous recombination between the repeated sequences. Inverted repeat Ussery,...

Testis-expressed protein 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded the TEX9 gene. TEX9 that encodes a 391-long amino acid protein containing two coiled-coil...

WRN is important in repair of double strand breaks by homologous recombination or non-homologous end joining, repair of single nucleotide damages by base...

same undeveloped structure, they are considered homologous organs. There are a number of other homologous structures shared between male and female reproductive...

Québec. Fabreries, Suppl. 11 1–251. Sierwald, P. (1990). Morphology and homologous features in the male palpal organ in Pisauridae and other spider families...

non-homologous chromosomes. Two detached fragments of two different chromosomes are switched. Robertsonian translocation occurs when two non-homologous chromosomes...

folds can catalyze an identical reaction (these are sometimes called non-homologous isofunctional enzymes) and therefore would be assigned the same EC number...

Bacillus subtilis is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacteria that is naturally found in soil and vegetation, and is known for its ability to form a small...

Mitotic homologous recombination occurs mainly between sister chromatids subsequent to replication (but prior to cell division). Inter-sister homologous recombination...

in the penis during an erection in several species of mammals. It is homologous to the corpus cavernosum clitoridis in the female. The corpora cavernosa...

remapping or neural oscillation. Other forms of neuroplasticity include homologous area adaptation, cross modal reassignment, map expansion, and compensatory...

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division (mitosis/meiosis). There are three...

homologous recombinational repair or by the less accurate non-homologous end joining repair pathway. Here we describe the early steps in homologous recombinational...

divisions, genetic information is exchanged between homologous chromosomes in genetic recombination. Homologous chromosomes contain highly similar but not identical...

the physical link, between two (non-sister) chromatids belonging to homologous chromosomes. At a given chiasma, an exchange of genetic material can occur...

will usually tighten when exposed to cold temperatures. The scrotum is homologous to the labia majora in females. In regard to humans, the scrotum is a...

Australia. In October 2021, the FDA and the CDC authorized the use of either homologous or heterologous vaccine booster doses. In October 2021, the US Food and...

mixture of triglycerides and wax esters. It has been suggested that it is homologous to the dorsal bursa organ found in dolphins. The proportion of wax esters...

recombinase Tre recombinase FLP recombinase Recombinases have a central role in homologous recombination in a wide range of organisms. Such recombinases have been...

government. In October 2021, the FDA and the CDC authorized the use of either homologous or heterologous vaccine booster doses. In October 2021, the Australian...

phases such as pairing of homologous chromosomes and the reciprocal exchange of genetic material between these homologous chromosomes. In meiosis, prophase...

rDNA circles. Chromatin silencing, as a result of Sir2 activity, reduces homologous recombination between rDNA repeats, which is the process leading to the...

are mammals, the skeletal structures in their wings are morphologically homologous to the skeletal components found in other tetrapod forelimbs. Through...

insertion through cellular repair mechanisms such as non-homologous end joining or homologous recombination. Cas9 was discovered in S. pyogenes and later...

joined with an α(1→6) bond. Maltose is the two-unit member of the amylose homologous series, the key structural motif of starch. When beta-amylase breaks down...

just passing cysts.[citation needed] In sexually reproducing eukaryotes, homologous recombination (HR) ordinarily occurs during meiosis. The meiosis-specific...

(a plasmid that can integrate itself into the bacterial chromosome by homologous recombination) with a length of about 100 kb. It is a classical example...

cell lines are created via a process called homologous gene-targeting. Targeting vectors that utilize homologous recombination are the tools or techniques...

in turn proportional to the number of amino acid differences between homologous proteins in different species. By constructing a calibration curve of...

the rear lower part of the braincase, below the foramen magnum. It is homologous to the basilar part of the occipital bone. In the ancestral tetrapod,...

understanding the mechanisms of non-homologous end joining and microhomology-mediated end joining, as well as homologous recombination. Haber was born in...

upper limb between the elbow and the wrist. All vertebrate forelimbs are homologous, meaning that they all evolved from the same structures. For example,...

the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. She is known for studying homologous recombination, a method in which double-strand breaks in DNA strands are...

evolutionary relationships via phylogenetic analysis and can highlight homologous features between sequences. Alignments highlight mutation events such...

Uncharacterized protein C1orf21, also known as Proliferation-Inducing Protein 13, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C1orf21 gene. C1orf21 is...

The 2025–26 Taoyuan Taiwan Beer Leopards season was the franchise's 5th season, its second season in the Taiwan Professional Basketball League (TPBL)....

Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer is a protein which in humans is encoded by the BAK1 gene on chromosome 6. It belongs to the BCL2 protein family. BCL2...

as used for the nomenclature of chromosome abnormalities. It shows 22 homologous autosomal chromosome pairs, both the female (XX) and male (XY) versions...

deal of debate as to whether they are homologous with them. Current evidence suggests that they are indeed homologous up to a very primitive stage in their...

from autosomes in form, size, and behavior. Whereas autosomes occur in homologous pairs whose members have the same form in a diploid cell, members of an...

Prospero homeobox protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PROX1 gene. The Prox1 gene is critical for the development of multiple tissues...

The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a protein structure that forms between homologous chromosomes (two pairs of sister chromatids) during meiosis and is thought...

able to curl their tails around branches to hold on. This feature is homologous to the ring tail possum (order of Diprodontia), which use their tail as...

proteins associated with the DNA repair processes of non-homologous end joining, homologous recombination, base excision repair and DNA mismatch repair...

proposed to unify the two concepts, as it refers specifically to the homologous microtubular structure found in both, but not found in prokaryotic flagella...

they are arranged in a crossed formation. In the quadruped stifle joint (homologous to the knee), based on its anatomical position, it is also referred to...

unlike valpromide, however, valnoctamide is not transformed into its homologous acid, valnoctic acid, in vivo. In addition to being a sedative, valnoctamide...

in the light of the Articulata theory, were assumed to be structurally homologous in some way, the arthropod head was also often considered to incorporate...

available in diploid eukaryotic cells is homologous recombination repair. This makes use of the intact chromosome homologous to the broken one as a template to...

vascular structure located at the tip of the penis in male mammals or a homologous genital structure of the clitoris in female mammals. The exterior structure...

of both a genetic and an environmental nature. Such mechanisms include homologous recombination, and manipulation and resistance of the host's immune responses...

sheep (suborder Ruminantia). The two digits of cloven-hooved animals are homologous to the third and fourth fingers of the hand. They are called claws and...

classification unit is the homeomorphic family, whose members are both homologous (evolved from a common ancestor) and homeomorphic (sharing full-length...

Although it somewhat resembles the human ankle in appearance, the joint is homologous to the ball of the foot. In anatomical terms, the hoof corresponds to...

state, it tightens to narrow the foreskin opening. The penile frenulum is homologous to the clitoral frenulum in the female. It is similar to the lingual frenulum...

thyroid cartilage. In other tetrapods, such as amphibians and reptiles, homologous bones to those of mammals, such as the quadrate, articular, columella...

antiparallel conformer. The Holliday junction is a key intermediate in homologous recombination, a biological process that increases genetic diversity by...

"Morphology" of Chapter XIII of On the Origin of Species, Darwin commented on homologous bone patterns between humans and other mammals, writing: "What can be...

FAM221B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM221B gene. FAM221B is also known by the alias C9orf128, is expressed at low level, and is defined...

Structure of human TCII in complex with Vitamin B12. HC and IF show homologous protein folds....

research focuses on the biochemistry and molecular biology of DNA repair and homologous recombination. His lab combines fluorescence microscopy, optical trapping...

be homologous with mandibles in crustaceans and insects, although more recent studies (e.g. using Hox genes) suggest they are probably homologous with...

homologue of genes recA in bacteria and RAD51 in eukaryotes, that mediates homologous chromosome pairing during meiosis and repair of DNA double-strand breaks...

Alpha-1-B glycoprotein is a 54.3 kDa protein in humans that is encoded by the A1BG gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a plasma glycoprotein of unknown...

Non-homologous end-joining factor 1 (NHEJ1), also known as Cernunnos or XRCC4-like factor (XLF), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NHEJ1 gene...

Calcineurin B homologous protein 1 is a protein encoded in humans by the CHP1 gene (formerly CHP). The protein encoded by this gene is a phosphoprotein...

The Greek ancestry of the Pashtuns may also be traced on the basis of a homologous group. And Haplogroup J2 is from the Semitic population, and this haplogroup...

transferase (TdT), and Artemis nuclease, a member of the ubiquitous non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway for DNA repair. Several other enzymes are known...

The limbs' bony endoskeleton, known as the appendicular skeleton, is homologous among all tetrapods, who use their limbs for walking, running and jumping...

involving meiosis and fertilization. Meiosis involves the intimate pairing of homologous chromosomes and recombination between them. Examples of eukaryotic pathogens...

Darwin's tubercle Left: Darwin's tubercle. Right: the homologous point in a macaque. Details Identifiers Latin tuberculum auriculare TA98 A15.3.01.020...

"protocerebral"). These appendages have been proposed by a number of authors to be homologous to (derived from the same ancestral structure) and to have ultimately...

Assessment of the vestigiality must generally rely on comparison with homologous features in related species. The emergence of vestigiality occurs by normal...

meiosis-specific recombinase, Dmc1, is required for efficient meiotic homologous recombination, and Dmc1 is expressed in Entamoeba histolytica. The purified...

chromatid in mitosis or from its homologous chromosome during meiosis. It is a type of chromosomal crossover between homologous sequences that are not paired...

it is generated by anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase) There are homologous genes which produce this enzyme in plant species such as Arabidopsis thaliana...

disrupting the function of specific genes. By introducing dsRNA into cells, homologous mRNA is degraded, silencing the function of the associated gene. Selective...

"controlled at a single gene locus or by two or more very closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them", and include...

well as selection of varieties with high yield rates. Predicted genes in homologous primary contigs have been identified as accounting for various traits...

recombinase RAD51 to stimulate and maintain strand invasion, a vital step of homologous recombination. The localization of RAD51 to the DNA double-strand break...

interesting observation made by some of these physicians was the presence of homologous structures in a wide variety of animals, even including humans. These...

fish clade to develop pelvic fins, the second set of paired fins and the homologous precursor to hindlimbs in tetrapods. 380-million-year-old fossils of three...

the other strains of papillomaviruses. The E6 protein's ORF is similar (homologous) to the beta subunit of a family of ATP syntheses that are found in mitochondria...

TM6SF2 is the Transmembrane 6 superfamily 2 human gene which codes for a protein by the same name. This gene is otherwise called KIAA1926. Its exact function...

by residues 8–22 and 81–96 of the BRCA1 protein. It interacts with a homologous region in BARD1 also consisting of a RING finger flanked by two alpha-helices...

Golgi transport proteins. TVP23A is a DUF846 containing protein, which is homologous throughout TVP-type proteins. This domain contains the 4 transmembrane...

lose their tails (e.g. frogs and hominid primates), the coccyx is the homologous vestigial of the tail. While tails are primarily considered a feature...

The two alleles for a gene are located on identical loci of the two homologous chromosomes, each allele inherited from a different parent. Many species...

SANT and BTB domain regulator of class switch recombination is a protein which in humans is encoded by the gene SANBR (previously KIAA1841). The SANBR...

crest on the skull of the studied dinosaur that was structurally non-homologous with crests of lambeosaurine hadrosaurids. Ma et al. (2026) study the...

fused to the vertebrae. The vertebral transverse processes of mammals are homologous to the cervical ribs of other amniotes.[citation needed] Most mammals...

Vitamin D derivatives are a sixth closely related hormone system with homologous receptors. They have some of the characteristics of true steroids as receptor...

chamber to produce or receive sound. The swim bladder is evolutionarily homologous to the lungs of tetrapods and lungfish, and some ray-finned fish such...

(1982, 1983). These sequences revealed that there are two distinct but homologous keratin families, which were named type I and type II keratins. By analysis...

maintain the stability of the plasmid. The F plasmid contains another homologous toxin-antitoxin system called srnB. The first type I toxin-antitoxin system...

Protein TASOR 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TASOR2 gene. The gene is also known as FAM208B and "chromosome 10 open reading frame 18"...

associated with the Gi heterotrimeric G-protein. It consists of three homologous subtypes, α2A-, α2B-, and α2C-adrenergic. Some species other than humans...

interstrand cross-link repair regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination error-free translesion synthesis G1 phase error-prone translesion...

of 4.6 cm (1.8 in) (as the clitoris and the penis are developmentally homologous). In a metoidioplasty, the urethral plate and urethra are completely dissected...

intervening medium) appears to be part of an adaptation for DNA repair. Homologous recombination is required for repairing double-strand breaks (DSBs). The...

the bone homologous to the stapes is usually called the columella; however, in reptiles, either term may be used. In fish, the homologous bone is called...

with the recombinase RAD51 to stimulate strand invasion, a vital step of homologous recombination, PALB2 can function synergistically with a BRCA2 chimera...

CRISPR-Cas9 result from the repair of the double-stranded break by means of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or POLQ/polymerase theta-mediated end-joining (TMEJ)...

The integration of the plasmid into the cell's chromosome is through homologous recombination. A conjugative plasmid that is capable of chromosome integration...

hairless Haemodynamic response, delivery of blood to tissues Heart rate Homologous recombination, in genetics Hypersensitive response, of plants to infection...

accessory glands in the reproductive system of many male mammals. They are homologous to Bartholin's glands in females. The bulbourethral glands are responsible...

points to body parts on himself, and subjects are required to point to the homologous part on themselves. D Visual Cue: Point to Examiner Examiner points to...

produced by oxidation of guanine. Double-strand breaks can be repaired by homologous recombinational repair in both mammalian mtDNA and plant mtDNA. Double-strand...

cytosol Biological process regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination NIK/NF-kappaB signaling protein dephosphorylation Sources:Amigo...

pathways for repairing double strand breaks, mainly non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination (HR), and MMEJ. NHEJ directly joins both...

delicacies List of duck dishes Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, with homologous pathophysiologic aspects Ortolan bunting Shen Zhu – the fattening of pigs...

to progeny. Two of these DNA repair processes are homologous recombinational repair and non-homologous end joining. The female reproductive system likewise...

vestigial eyes: one median pair (homologous to those of horseshoe crabs and sea spiders), and one lateral pair (homologous to facetted eyes of horseshoe...

chromosome Lampbrush chromosome Polytene chromosome Dinoflagellate chromosomes Homologous chromosome Isochromosome Satellite chromosome Centromere position Metacentric...

complementary undamaged strand in DNA as a template or an undamaged sequence in a homologous chromosome if it is available. If DNA damage remains in a cell, transcription...

produced through independent assortment. In a related process called homologous recombination, sexual organisms exchange DNA between two matching chromosomes...

oil-filled organs called dorsal bursae that have been suggested to be homologous to the sperm whale's spermaceti organ. High-frequency clicks pass through...

simultaneously with Mario Capecchi and Martin Evans, of the technique of homologous recombination of transgenic DNA with genomic DNA, a much more reliable...

abdominal segment. It is not clear that other structures so named are homologous. In the Symphyla they are associated with spinnerets. Most cerci are segmented...

are not homologous with the spiracles of fish, having instead developed from the trachea. In cetaceans and other mammals, the organs homologous with the...

In the anatomy of humans and homologous primates, the ascending colon is the part of the colon located between the cecum and the transverse colon. The...

Gene conversion is the process by which one DNA sequence replaces a homologous sequence such that the sequences become identical after the conversion....

February 11, 2023. Suga, Hiroaki (1994). Catalytic antibodies elicited via homologous and heterologous immunization (Ph.D.). hdl:1721.1/17342. "Prof. Dr. Hiroaki...

machinery has been fully domesticated for promoting DNA repair through homologous recombination rather than spread of mobile genetic elements. Fimbria (Latin...

the CTNNB1 protein is encoded by the CTNNB1 gene. In Drosophila, the homologous protein is called armadillo. β-catenin is a subunit of the cadherin protein...

tobacco) DNA repair deficiency Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD): DNA double-strand break requires homologous recombination mechanism for accurate...

penis in every animal species. Furthermore, penises are not necessarily homologous. The term penis applies to many intromittent organs, but not to all. As...

1 - 7: Homologous male and female pelvic organs....

associated with the Gq heterotrimeric G protein. It consists of three highly homologous subtypes, α1A-, α1B-, and α1D-adrenergic. There is no α1C receptor. At...

virus disease, rabies, polio, mumps, and measles. All RNA viruses use a homologous RNA-dependent polymerase for replication and are categorized by the International...

neighborhood of the Spike gene is a hotspot for modular intertypic homologous and non-homologous recombination in Coronavirus genomes". Molecular Biology and...

mostly terrestrial clade evolved from freshwater lobe-finned fish, are homologous to the pectoral and pelvic fins of all jawed fish. Fins at different locations...

striking genomic instability that includes excessive crossovers between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs). New York dermatologist...

to predators. Amphibians have a skeletal system that is structurally homologous to other tetrapods, though with a number of variations. They all have...

increase substantially in cells defective in DNA mismatch repair or in homologous recombinational repair (HRR). Chromosomal rearrangements and aneuploidy...

tryptamine family related to dimethyltryptamine (DMT). It is part of the homologous series of tryptamines that includes DMT, diethyltryptamine (DET), dipropyltryptamine...

number of names including butte, mesa, plateau, potrero, tepui, or tuya. A homologous landform under the sea is called either a tablemount or guyot. Sedimentary...

The pseudoautosomal regions or PARs are homologous sequences of nucleotides found within the sex chromosomes of species with an XY or ZW mechanism of sex...

repair of DNA double-strand breaks by the process of non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination. SIRT6 stabilizes the repair protein DNA-PKcs...

damage in the DNA of the germline. The repair process used likely involves homologous recombinational repair. Prophase arrested oocytes have a high capability...

table shows some examples of orthologs of the human MFSD6L. The main homologous domains found within the MFSD6L protein are the MFS regions. Since MFS...

non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), can join the two broken ends of DNA in the G1, S and G2 phases of interphase. The second process, homologous recombinational...

the glans, given normal development. The male prepuce is anatomically homologous to the clitoral hood in females. In some cases, the foreskin may become...

double-strand breaks are introduced into the sperm DNA. The conventional non-homologous end joining pathway for repairing double-strand breaks is not available...

bond and no other functional groups (also known as mono-enes) form a homologous series of hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n with n being a >1...

A homologous booster shot involves the administration of the same vaccine as previously administered, while a heterologous booster shot involves the administration...

formation of a 3’ ended single DNA strand that in the next step invades a homologous DNA duplex. RNA polymerase III is reported to catalyze formation of a...

The scleral rings of fishes and those of reptiles and birds are not homologous.[citation needed] The scleral rings of fishes are on the eyeball's equator...

Page numbering, a more modern system with analogous function but a non-homologous structure differing in that it defines order in terms of absolute position...

It is the anatomical homologue of the ankle of the human foot. While homologous joints occur in other tetrapods, the term is generally restricted to mammals...

universe and the earth. In addition, gender in the body was understood as homologous, the two genders operating in synchronization. Gender was presumed to...

PMID 26691546. Hu WS, Bowman EH, Delviks KA, Pathak VK (August 1997). "Homologous recombination occurs in a distinct retroviral subpopulation and exhibits...

meiosis, homologous chromosomes separation in meiosis I and chromatids separation in meiosis II, requires special tension between homologous chromatids...

epigenetic alterations. In particular the DNA repair processes of non-homologous end joining and base excision repair are employed in memory formation...

The domestic horse genome includes one metacentric chromosome that is homologous to two acrocentric chromosomes in the conspecific but undomesticated Przewalski's...

type of recombinase. These recombinases promote repair of DNA damages by homologous recombination. The ability to undergo natural transformation is present...

sequences, discovered by computer-aided metatranscriptomics, are not homologous with the genomic sequence of any other life form. With their relationship...

R-DNA, have been assumed to form under RecA protein in the course of homologous recombination. TFOs bind specifically to homopurine-homopyrimidine regions...

able to undergo sexual reproduction. In sexually reproducing eukaryotes, homologous recombination (HR) ordinarily occurs during meiosis. The meiosis-specific...

accurately repairs DNA double-strand breaks. This repair system is called "homologous recombinational repair", and it is especially effective during meiosis...

an antagonist of GPR55, a G protein-coupled receptor and putative non-homologous CB3 cannabinoid receptor shown by in vitro studies to be widely distributed...

seeking, ... Darwin discusses morphology, including the importance of homologous structures. He says, "What can be more curious than that the hand of a...

called homologous recombination. By this process DNA sequence information that is lost because of the breakage can be recovered from a second homologous DNA...

which possess a unique feature of tissue specificity in their action on homologous tissue cells without species specificity. The second one is increase in...

factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PBX1 gene. The homologous protein in Drosophila is known as extradenticle, and causes changes in...

fishes have secondarily lost their ampullae of Lorenzini, but other non-homologous electroreceptors have repeatedly evolved, including in two groups of mammals...

have a split or double penis lying in front of the scrotum, which is not homologous to the placental scrota. A pouch is present in most species. Many marsupials...

appear on the chromosomes. These bands were the same in appearance on the homologous chromosomes, thus, identification became easier and more accurate. Other...

EF-G. Bacteria and eukaryotes use elongation factors that are largely homologous to each other, but with distinct structures and different research nomenclatures...

important for the repair of double-strand DNA breaks by the error-free homologous recombinational repair, or HRR, pathway. When the gene for one of these...

Burgess Shale and the Guanshan fauna. Their spines are proposed to be homologous with those of the Siphonotretids. Acanthotretella decaius Hu, Zhang, Holmer...

natural DNA-repair mechanism of homology directed repair (HDR), including homologous recombination. Gene targeting can be used to make a range of sizes of...

properties in the periodic table, with elements exhibiting well-characterised homologous behaviour. This family of elements is also known as the lithium family...

and SIRT7 proteins are employed in DNA repair. SIRT1 protein promotes homologous recombination in human cells and is involved in recombinational repair...

double-strand breaks was found to be predominantly carried out by accurate homologous recombinational repair. Another, less accurate process, microhomology-mediated...

adults. The single anal pterygiophore (MAP) is interpreted as positionally homologous with the consolidated anal-fin pterygiophore complex of seahorses. Its...

introduces a DNA double strand break, which is then followed by gene modification via homologous recombination (HDR) or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)....

lipocalin allergen produced by dogs in their tongue epithelial tissue. It is homologous with the human lipocalin LCN1. Major allergen Can f 1 UniProtKB. Grammer...

EVI5L (Ecotropic Viral Integration Site 5-Like) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EVI5L gene. EVI5L is a member of the Ras superfamily of monomeric...

effectively and safely restrict the hemodilution caused by the direct homologous blood transfusion and reduce the blood transfusion requirements during...

work represented the first use of chimeric nucleases to edit genomes by homologous recombination. Later, while working in the Division of Molecular Medicine...

nature des oyseaux (1555), however, the modern study of analogous and homologous structures was first expressed by Richard Owen in his Lectures on the...

cells in order to provide increased repair of damaged DNA by means of homologous recombination. Van Wolferen et al., in discussing DNA exchange in the...

Darwin. The muscles of the auricula. Left: Darwin's tubercle. Right: the homologous point in a macaque. External ear. Right auricle. Lateral view. External...

cervical vertebrae." They defined more ambiguous synapomorphies due to the homologous materials not yet found in all other abelisaurids being: "a very broad...

a strategy to avoid exposure of patients to the potential hazards of homologous blood transfusions. Hemodilution can be normovolemic, which implies the...

pathways of nucleotide excision repair, non-homologous end joining, microhomology-mediated end joining, homologous recombinational repair, and DNA mismatch...

variability that induces shifts in the spectral range. OPN1LW is subject to homologous recombination with OPN1MW, as the two have very similar sequences. These...

patterns of this group of insects of which, although similar, is not homologous to that of the eusocial Hymenoptera. Unlike ants, bees, and wasps which...

like the mammalian hippocampus, but they have one that is considered homologous to it. The hippocampus is in essence part of the allocortex. Only mammals...

sub-bands as used in the nomenclature of genetic disorders. It shows 22 homologous chromosomes, both the female (XX) and male (XY) versions of the sex chromosome...

doses of Oxford–AstraZeneca. The lowest T cell activity was observed in homologous courses, when both doses were of the same vaccine. In July 2021, a study...

phase, double-strand breaks in one sister chromatid may be repaired by homologous recombinational repair using the other intact sister chromatid as template...

alkynes with only one triple bond and no other functional groups form a homologous series with the general chemical formula CnH2n−2. Alkynes are traditionally...

chromosomal crossover is homologous recombination, where the two chromosomes involved share very similar sequences. Non-homologous recombination can be damaging...

1365-2052.2005.01389.x. PMC 1464422. PMID 16573531. Jackson, I.J. (1997). "Homologous Pigmentation Mutations in Human, Mouse and Other Model Organisms". Hum...

acyltransferase 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LPCAT3 gene. It is homologous to other membrane-bound O-acyltransferases. Based on the crystalographic...

that these two sequences diverged from a common ancestral sequence (are homologous), and highly unlikely that these two sequences have evolved independently...

three-dimensional structure. It can not be detected or analyzed with the use of homologous modeling or analytical quantification because the molecular conformation...

ketones, aldehydes and fatty acid esters. Synthetic waxes often consist of homologous series of long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (alkanes or paraffins) that...

super family, and contains a domain of unknown function (DUF544) that is homologous within the protein family. FAM63B protein variant an also contains a bipartite...

and perinatal period; renal production predominates in adulthood. It is homologous with thrombopoietin. Exogenous erythropoietin, recombinant human erythropoietin...

elements", are viroid-like circular RNA sequences that are also found with homologous copies in the DNA genome of the host. The only types found are closely...

vitelline membrane outer layer protein I (VMO-I): a folding motif with homologous Greek key structures related by an internal three-fold symmetry". EMBO...

cytosol Biological process chromosome segregation chromosome organization homologous chromosome segregation cellular response to DNA damage stimulus cell division...

creates double-stranded breaks and takes advantage on the cells natural homologous recombination repair systems, have been developed to target insertion...

include non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR), or the breakage-fusion-bridge cycle. Non-homologous end joining...

designs such as pitcher traps and flypaper traps are analogous rather than homologous. Researchers using molecular data have concluded that carnivory evolved...

three unjointed radials. The pectoral fin skeleton is composed of bones homologous to the tetrapod humerus, ulna, and radius, followed by a host of smaller...

evolution or development. Homologous behaviors can theoretically be of at least two different varieties. As with homologous anatomical characteristics...

sufficient sequence similarity to the General Bacterial Porin(GBP) family. are homologous in structure and function to General bacterial porin family. One such...

are deficient in the ability to repair double-strand breaks by the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway are more sensitive to prolonged desiccation...

or sperm) will typically contain a single copy of each autosome. The homologous chromosome pairs are identified with the same number (e.g. a somatic cell...

not envelop the erectile tissue of the bulb. The vestibular bulbs are homologous to the bulb of penis of the male and consist of two elongated masses of...

Branch migration is the process by which base pairs on homologous DNA strands are consecutively exchanged at a Holliday junction, moving the branch point...

[who?] successively proposed that Chinese and European languages are homologous. Among them, Kong Haogu, through the comparison of Chinese and Indo-European...

Institute for Basic Science Theses Studies on a mouse gene encoding a protein homologous to acid ceramidase  (2001) Crystal structure of the BAFF-BAFFR complex...

configuration still usually ensure the disjunction of homologous centromeres, bringing homologous chromosomes to opposite spindle poles. Depending on the...

the offspring will likely get both). This is because in anaphase I the homologous chromosomes are separated. Heterozygosity is not completely preserved...

karyogram of a human, showing an overview of the human genome, with 22 homologous chromosomes, both the female (XX) and male (XY) versions of the sex chromosome...

whatever degree in lizards is phylogenetically analogous, rather than homologous, to functionally similar processes in mammals. Skinks typically seek out...

structures are almost physically and functionally identical, they may not be homologous; their analogous functions and appearance might be the product of convergent...

blastema cells experience DNA double-strand breaks and thus require homologous recombination, a form of DNA repair that deals with double-strand breaks...

In chromosomal transformation, homologous transforming DNA can be integrated into the recipient genome by homologous recombination, and this process...

observation that the prokaryote repeat cluster was accompanied by four homologous genes, CRISPR-associated systems, Cas 1–4. The Cas proteins showed helicase...

involved in DNA repair, where it has important roles in the final steps of homologous recombination. Mutations in the gene are associated with the disease Fanconi...

area along the walls of the urethra. The male prostate is biologically homologous to the Skene's gland; it has been unofficially called the male G-spot...

and homologous recombination. Specifically, it performs endonucleolytic cleavage that results in single-stranded crossover between two homologous DNA...

proteins appear to have a critical role in resisting ovarian aging. However, homologous recombinational repair of DNA double-strand breaks mediated by BRCA1 and...

amino-propeptide processing during mouse embryogenesis by specialization of homologous ADAMTS proteases". Development. 133 (8): 1587–1596. doi:10.1242/dev.02308...

concluding that expressions are universal across human cultures and that homologous forms of emotional expression occur in other animals. Darwin interpreted...

a coracoid process is present as part of the scapula, but this is not homologous with the coracoid bone of most other vertebrates. In other tetrapods,...

breaks. These pathways are homologous recombinational repair used in proliferating neural precursor cells, and non-homologous end joining used mainly at...

and the integration of the donor sequence into the recipient genome by homologous recombination. S. aureus was found to be capable of natural genetic transformation...

zoologists as lancelets contain many organs and organ systems that are homologous to those of modern fish. Therefore, they provide a number of examples...

particular points. One of the X chromosomes is homologous to the human X chromosome, and another is homologous to the bird Z chromosome. Although it is an...

authors refer to the Skene's glands as the "female prostate". They are homologous to the male prostate (developed from the same embryological tissues),...

theory suggests that most cpDNA is actually linear and replicates through homologous recombination. It further contends that only a minority of the genetic...

molecular and low molecular glutenins and α/β, γ and Ω gliadins. Its homologous seed storage proteins, in barley, are referred to as hordeins, in rye...

cell bodies of neurons (homologous to a CNS nucleus) is called a ganglion. The fascicles of nerve fibers in the PNS (homologous to CNS tracts) are called...

intermediate in DNA repair pathways such as nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination repair. ATR is activated during more persistent issues with...

Wales, Aberystwyth. It is a remnant of the mesonephric tubules and is homologous to the male paradidymis. Epoophoron One or more of the preceding sentences...

hemagglutinin-neuraminidase proteins of the SeV and NDV viruses are highly homologous and function similarly, it is likely that the HN protein of the SeV virus...

different names may refer to homologous proteins from different organism, while identical names not necessarily denote homologous proteins. The table "40S...

kinds of leaf-like structures found in vascular plants are not totally homologous with them. Examples include flattened plant stems called phylloclades...

among 2 homologous groups of 23 heterologous chromosomes each, while the base pairs of the XY male zygote are distributed among 2 homologous groups of...

initiation sites. In archaea and eukaryotes, RNA polymerase contains subunits homologous to each of the five bacterial RNA polymerase subunits as well as unique...

nucleophiles/attackers. The aliphatic hydrocarbons are subdivided into three groups of homologous series according to their state of saturation: alkanes (paraffins): aliphatic...

system of five pairs of XY chromosomes. They form a multiple chain due to homologous regions in male meiosis and finally segregates into XXXXX-sperm and YYYYY-sperm...

the basis for computational methods to predict interactions, e.g. using homologous protein sequences across species. However, there are also methods that...

eight or ten ribs and the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae (homologous to the ribs). Functional demands have resulted in the evolution of individual...

for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) authorized the use of either homologous or heterologous vaccine booster doses. The authorization was expanded...

cartilage graft (concha from the ear) is harvested from the patient's body. Homologous (donor) rib cartilage is also sometimes used if the patient's own cartilage...

commonly determined using a radiolabeled ligand, known as a tagged ligand. Homologous competitive binding experiments involve binding competition between a...

millimeters in size), and have simple modes of endocrine disruption, along with homologous physiological, sensory, anatomical and signal-transduction mechanisms...

and the strand on which it is present must find its complement. Since homologous recombination occurs after DNA replication, two strands of DNA are available...

(true wheats) – gliadins Hordeum (food barleys) – hordeins (B-hordein is homologous to LMW-glutenin) Secale (food ryes) – secalins glutelins Triticum – glutenin...

the Homologous superfamily (H) level if there is good evidence that the domains are related by evolution i.e. they are homologous. Each homologous superfamily...

repair WRN 38% homologous recombinational repair, nonhomologous end joining, base excision repair MGMT 13%–64% direct reversal ATM 47% homologous recombinational...

However, in the latter case, the bone is greatly reduced in size. It is homologous to the baculum in male mammals. The structure is more evolutionarily labile...

strain is an inbred strain with one of its chromosomes replaced by the homologous chromosome of another inbred strain via a series of marker-assisted backcrosses...

are often separate in non-human mammals: The squamosal bone, which is homologous with the squama, and forms the side of the cranium in many bony fish and...

to progeny. Such DNA repair processes include homologous recombinational repair as well as non-homologous end joining. Oocytes located in the primordial...

Dominant white (W) is a group of genetically related coat color alleles on the KIT gene of the horse, best known for producing an all-white coat, but also...

série d'alcalis organiques homologues avec l'ammoniaque" (On a series of homologous organic alkalis containing ammonia), Comptes rendus … , 28 : 223-226....

A trisomy in the latter is not viable in mice although it is largely homologous to human chromosome 21. Other viable trisomies in animals are known, e...

as used for the nomenclature of chromosome abnormalities. It shows 22 homologous autosomal chromosome pairs, both the female (XX) and male (XY) versions...

complex is believed to be homologous in all echolocating Odontoceti (toothed whales), with the spermaceti organ homologous to the dorsal bursa in the...

including repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by the process of non-homologous end joining The repair function of alpha-synuclein appears to be greatly...

level of the differentiation process. In sexually reproducing eukaryotes, homologous recombination (HR) ordinarily occurs during meiosis. The meiosis-specific...

name urate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (5-hydroxyisourate forming). A non-homologous isofunctional enzyme (NISE) to HpxO was found, and named HpyO. HpyO was...

Presence of the homologous recombination (or template-dependent recombination) machinery genes signifies a possibility of homologous recombination during...

known to be involved in the homologous recombination and repair of DNA. This protein has been shown to play a role in homologous recombination related repair...

poly-ADP ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1), designed to treat cancers with homologous recombination repair (HRR) deficiencies as a result of mutations in BRCA1...

the gut wall, which has a similar structure to red pulp and is presumed homologous with the spleen of higher vertebrates. In mice, the spleen stores half...

just as in fish. Some acorn worms also have a postanal tail which may be homologous to the post-anal tail of vertebrates. The three-section body plan of the...

kiwifruit, and chestnut occurs because latex proteins are structurally homologous with some other plant proteins. About 10% of people report that they are...

and rather the last nymphal instar stage of hemimetabolans would be homologous to the holometabolan pupae. More modern opinions still oscillate between...

creates double-stranded breaks and takes advantage on the cells natural homologous recombination repair systems, have been developed to target insertion...

phages Lambda and T4). Disease models are divided into three categories: homologous animals have the same causes, symptoms and treatment options as would...

blood already oxygenated by the true gills. The spiracle is thought to be homologous to the ear opening in higher vertebrates. Most sharks rely on ram ventilation...

of high-voltage-gated calcium channels (HVGCCs). They are structurally homologous among varying types; they are all similar, but not structurally identical...

large-single copy region with endpoints between the accD and trnK regions) homologous with that found in Aldina latifolia Spruce ex Benth. 1870, Holocalyx balansae...

addressed by deep learning architectures that internally form states homologous to image-grammar decompositions of observed entities and events. Learning...

  Animals   Plants   Other Eukaryotes Karyotype of a human being. It shows 22 homologous autosomal chromosome pairs, both the female (XX) and male (XY) versions...

divides by budding into all the zooids of the colony. The zooids are homologous to individual animals, but are connected physiologically to each other...

targeted to a specific location. The technique of gene targeting uses homologous recombination to make desired changes to a specific endogenous gene. This...

/ˈpriːpjuːs/, or as an adjective, preputial /prɪˈpjuːʃəl/, refers to two homologous structures of male and female genitals: Foreskin, skin surrounding and...

stem cells from step 2 by electroporation. By the natural process of homologous recombination some of the electroporated stem cells will incorporate the...

damage stimulus negative regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Databases NCBI: entry;...

Meiosis undergoes two divisions resulting in four haploid daughter cells. Homologous chromosomes are separated in the first division of meiosis, such that...

suggesting that nonhomologous or microhomologous repair mechanisms such as non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and microhomology-mediated break induced repair (MMBIR)...

mechanisms with location. While creep behavior is generally plotted as homologous temperature versus stress, in the case of the mantle it is often more...

refers to regions of the avian brain which partially overlap regions homologous to the amygdala of mammals. These regions have formerly been referred...

governments, such as Ontario, Manitoba and Quebec, have also created homologous ministerial positions responsible for relations with other provinces and...

Originating from a recent duplication event, the two opsins are highly homologous (very similar), having only 19 dimorphic sites (amino acids that differ)...

intermedium, and ulnare, after their proximal articulations, and are homologous with the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones respectively. The remaining...

Halobacterium sp. strain NRC-1 induces several gene products employed in homologous recombination. For instance, a homolog of the rad51/recA gene, which plays...

found in vertebrate sperm and the hypothesis that the two structures are homologous.[citation needed] The PCL is an atypical type of centriole because it...

(MBOAT7) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MBOAT7 gene. It is homologous to other membrane-bound O-acyltransferases. This gene encodes a member...

completely fused to the vertebrae. The transverse processes of mammals are homologous to the cervical ribs of other amniotes. In the whale, the cervical vertebrae...

as median raphe. The penile raphe along with the skin between it are homologous to the female labia minora. The line consists of a subcutaneous fibrous...

exceptions) derived from another bacterium of the same species, and is thus homologous to the resident chromosome. The capacity for natural transformation occurs...

pair are homologous with arthropod endopods (limb-like inner branches) and lobopodian limbs (lobopods), and the dorsal pair are homologous with the flaps...

molecular requirements in the stem cell field are much more stringent. Here, homologous recombination (HR) can, in principle, provide specificity to the integration...

to the body and epididymis of the testis. The gubernaculum testis is homologous to the round ligament of the uterus in females. This article incorporates...

cerevisiae Rad52, a protein important for DNA double-strand break repair and homologous recombination. This gene product was shown to bind single-stranded DNA...

molecular studies of pistil ontogeny reveal that carpels are most likely homologous to leaves.[citation needed] A carpel has a similar function to a megasporophyll...

with too many or too few chromosomes are produced. In nondisjunction, homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate properly when producing...

crucial role in DNA end resection that is the initial step required for homologous recombination (HR)-dependent double-strand break repair. When RECQL4 is...

and morphology suggest that lodicules are homologous to eudicot petals. The palea and lemma may be homologous to sepals in other groups, or may be unique...

typically formed as complexes of several individual, often identical or homologous, proteins. Depending on the type and location of the mutation, it may...

rostrum is a part of the mouth of which it borders the opening in front. Homologous of an upper lip, this outgrowth is especially characterised by the presence...

of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 chains. Type I IFNs are found in all mammals, and homologous (similar) molecules have been found in birds, reptiles, amphibians and...

lemurs and lorisoid primates (collectively known as lemuriforms). This homologous structure is a diagnostic character that helps define this clade (related...

Edgecombe, G.D. ∙ Richter, S. ∙ Wilson, G.D.F. The mandibular gnathal edges: Homologous structures throughout Mandibulata? Afr. Invertebr. 2003; 44:115-135 Giribet...

and is also italicized. For instance, recA is named after its role in homologous recombination plus the letter A. Functionally related genes are named...

Riboviria is a realm of viruses that includes all viruses that use a homologous RNA-dependent polymerase for replication. It includes RNA viruses that...

din, dinas W, K fort Dinas Powys, Castle an Dinas, Dinas Dinlle prefix homologous to dun; see below dol Bry, P, W meadow, low-lying area by river Dolgellau...

The identity of the smaller antennae are less clear, but they might be homologous with either the slime papillae or onychophoran jaw. The animal also had...

ejaculate is likely to arise from the ducts in these tissues, in a manner homologous to that in the male. Another marker common to the prostate/para-urethral...

syndrome region can be recurrent when alternate low-copy repeats act as homologous recombination substrates". American Journal of Human Genetics. 75 (1):...

important for cancer to develop. In 50% of high-grade serous cancers, homologous recombination DNA repair is dysfunctional, as are the notch and FOXM1...

is the vertebrate pharyngeal pouches and not the neck slits that are homologous to the pharyngeal slits of invertebrate chordates.[citation needed] Pharyngeal...

ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase. In plant chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, there is a homologous protein, cytochrome b6, a component of the plastoquinone-plastocyanin...

(MMR) genes such as MSH2 and MLH1, and elements of homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair. These transcriptional responses...

tissue or developmental stage. In many cases, isozymes are encoded by homologous genes that have diverged over time. Strictly speaking, enzymes with different...

Haeckel's original usage, including the first pan-avian with a "bird tail" homologous with that of Vultur gryphus, and all of its descendants. They defined...

yield the mature BSA protein that contains 583 amino acids. BSA has three homologous but structurally different domains. The domains, named I, II, and III...

harvest of hay and the increase in crops planted in furrows, a situation homologous to that suffered by other species of birds from less numerous grasslands...

gene. It is a polypeptide of 208 amino acids. Human FGF10 gene is highly homologous (95.6%) to rat FGF10, where it was first discovered. The protein encoded...

organism. The scleroblastic neural crest cell population shares some homologous characteristics associated with the dermis. Neural crest cells, through...

Their upper jaw is instead formed from a cartilaginous bar that is not homologous with the bone found in other vertebrates. Skull. Maxilla shown in green...

water exits the pharynx, which has been claimed (and disputed) to be homologous to structures in ascidians and hagfishes. The tunicate epicardium separates...

deuterostome mouth, which suggests that the structures are equivalent homologous, and that the older ideas[which?] about protostome mouth formation were...

Kinorhynchs have tergal and sternal plates too, though seemingly not homologous with those of arthropods. Tergo-tergal is a stridulatory mechanism in...

rather strong stabilizing selection. Besides homologous recombination between related phages, non-homologous recombination is also a key mechanism for phage...

drugs, so that they can be removed from the body. The enzyme is highly homologous to CYP3A5, another important CYP3A enzyme. While many drugs are deactivated...

Esther; Sablina, Anna; Nuyts, Sandra (15 March 2014). "p16INK4a Impairs Homologous Recombination–Mediated DNA Repair in Human Papillomavirus–Positive Head...

phylogenetic survey of more than 700 species of endotherm established that homologous transitions between homeothermy and daily torpor, and between daily torpor...

to the discovery of synthesis-dependent strand annealing, a method of homologous recombination used in DNA repair. Other studies in the fungus have also...

hybridization between two lineages). The customary view is that jaws are homologous to the gill arches. In jawless fishes a series of gills opened behind...

central aspect of sexual reproduction in flowering plants. During meiosis homologous chromosomes replicate, recombine and randomly segregate, and then undergo...

protozoa Trichomonas vaginalis. The KilA-N domain has been suggested to be homologous to the fungal DNA-binding APSES domain. In all proteins shown to contain...

observed between bird brains and mammals. Today, the relationships between homologous structures in avian and mammalian brains are better known; additionally...

genetic markers identified in this group are also found in chordates or are homologous to chordates in some way. Studies of this nature have been done particularly...

gel electrophoresis, and paper chromatography in the 1950s to explore homologous proteins. The advent of protein sequencing allowed molecular biologists...

'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated that for Homologous Blood Transfusion he would be sanctioned to "disqualification and ineligibility...

(yacht), a 2014 superyacht Kismet, a Drosophila Trithorax-group protein homologous to CHD7 Akismet, a server-based spam filter Ashima, Semitic goddess of...

two proteins are related, or in other words to decide whether they are homologous or not, scientists use sequence-comparison methods. Methods like sequence...

Homologous recombination OB-fold protein is a protein which in humans is encoded by the gene HROB (previously C17orf53). It is involved in the repair of...

the front leg at the point where the belly of the horse meets the leg. Homologous to the elbow in humans Ergot: a callosity on the back of the fetlock Face:...

is one of convenience only; it is not based on any clear biologically homologous trait, any more than the common trait of having wings functionally unites...

applied in molecular evolution, such as to proteins that derive from homologous sequences in diverged populations. Two or more genes that descend from...

(20-25kDa) belong to the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. These proteins are homologous to the alpha (α) subunit found in heterotrimers, but are in fact monomeric...

one of the first cytogenecists to document the pre-meiotic pairing of homologous chromosomes in maize, otherwise referred to as somatic pairing (Singh...

The strade extraurbane principali ("main extra-urban road"; sing.: strada extraurbana principale) or type B road, better known as a "superstrada", are...

wide variety of taxa; many of these are known or believed to not have a homologous origin. These bones are also known as the adlacrimal, supraciliary, parafrontal...

sarcomatous (connective tissue) components. It is divided into two types, homologous (in which the sarcomatous component is made of tissues found in the uterus...

birds and those of bats are not homologous, they are analogue flight organs. However, the phalanges within them are homologous. Chimpanzees have lower limbs...

further controlled by two co-repressors, blaI and blaR1. blaI and blaR1 are homologous to mecI and mecR1, respectively, and normally function as regulators of...

double stranded break event. Genetic exchange between two DNA molecules by homologous recombination can begin with a break in both strands of DNA—called a double-strand...

of this hypothesis argue that chelicerae and the great appendages are homologous structures. Other studies suggest that the megacheirans are stem-group...

homogeneity seen today. These studies focus upon autosomal chromosomes, the 22 homologous or autosomes (non-sex chromosomes) Autosomal DNA studies show high levels...

from their ability to enhance the capture of homologous duplex DNA and promote RAD-51-mediated homologous DNA pairing and exchange activity. Polyamines...

semilunaris (also known as the semilunar fold) and its associated muscles are homologous to the nictitating membranes seen in some other mammals and other vertebrates...

the procedure having previously been validated by examination of the homologous xenon trioxide. The decay technique has also been used. Avrorin et al...

ångströms (250 pm). Albumin is a 65–70kDa protein. Albumin comprises three homologous domains that assemble to form a heart-shaped protein. Each domain is a...

of the upper arm, whereas the lower "arm" is called the forearm. It is homologous to the region of the leg that lies between the knee and the ankle joints...

other by a constant unit is called a general formula. It generates a homologous series of chemical formulae. For example, alcohols may be represented...

ureters, and often called the vas deferens, although probably not truly homologous with that in humans. The vas deferens loops over the ureter in placental...

comprehensive set of derived units which, while not quite coherent, were at least homologous; the MKS system lacked a defined unit of electromagnetism at all; the...

suture, and is much thicker than the horizontal ramus. The quadrate bones (homologous to the incus in mammals) are located at the back of the skull, articulating...

monitors have special glands in their jaws, which is almost certainly a homologous feature for these reptiles. However, not all agree that these can be called...

positive regulation of chromatin binding double-strand break repair via homologous recombination transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of double-strand...

cluster of nephrons usually drain into an archinephric duct, which is homologous with the vas deferens of amniotes. However, the situation is not always...

argued, his results show that "real universally conserved proteins are homologous." The possibility is mentioned, above, that all living organisms may be...

reductase, which is homologous to NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase (EC 1.6.2.4) and other flavoproteins. The FMN binding domain is homologous to flavodoxins...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51, which are known to be involved in the homologous recombination and repair of DNA. This protein forms a complex with several...

of prophase I typically results in the formation of chiasmata between homologous non-sister chromatids in the tetrad chromosomes that form. The formation...

lobe-finned fish during the Carboniferous, developing air-breathing lungs homologous to swim bladders. Fish have been an important natural resource for humans...

and, when two genetically distinct viruses infect the same cell, from homologous recombination. Distemper, or hardpad disease in canines, affects animals...

muscular outgrowth of the throat, so, despite its name, it is probably not homologous to the labrum of arthropods and is used for feeding. Deep within the oral...

understanding of speech and the latter for the production of speech. Homologous regions have been found in other species (i.e. Area 44 and 45 have been...

in double-stranded DNA and facilitates the DNA repair process of non-homologous end joining. Reduced expression of α-Syn may lead to increased formation...

synapsis between homologous chromosomes, which carry the same genetic information but may have different allelic variations. The homologous chromosomes begin...

usually according to the 2nd Mendelian rule (“Law of Segregation of genes“) homologous chromosomes are randomly distributed among daughter nuclei, there are...

China. These filaments have usually been interpreted as "protofeathers," homologous with the branched feathers found in birds and some non-avian theropods...

evolution in eukaryotes because their insertion can disrupt gene functions, homologous recombination between TEs can produce duplications, and TE can shuffle...

composed of the jugal and squamosal bones. This single temporal fenestra is homologous to the infratemporal fenestra, as displayed most clearly by early synapsids...

simultaneously. Assuming here that the two pairs of genes are located at non-homologous chromosomes, such that they are not coupled genes (see genetic linkage)...

Kulindadromeus) and the pycnofibres found in some pterosaurs may or may not be homologous with the feathers of theropods. Stephen L. Brusatte; Graeme T. Lloyd;...

cerevisiae MSH4 and MSH5 act specifically to facilitate crossovers between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. The MSH4/MSH5 complex binds and stabilizes...

excision repair, base excision repair, mismatch repair, non-homologous end-joining and homologous recombinational repair (HRR) (see chart in DNA repair) and...

the early stages of sperm development, DNA repair mechanisms such as homologous recombination (HR) and mismatch repair (MMR) efficiently correct replication...

metamorphoses into the thyroid gland in adults, and is regarded as being homologous to the thyroid in other vertebrates due to its iodine-concentrating activity...

tube bears a very peculiar structure, the gland of Deshayes, probably homologous to salivary glands, which link to the oesophagus and stretch to the dorsal...

structures, the spermaceti organ and the "junk" (melon). The melon is not homologous to the spermaceti organ. Research on the expression of genes such as that...

muscular oesophageal crop lined with cuticula) with gizzard plates as homologous apomorphic structures supporting a clade composed of Cephalaspidea s.s...

Palopoli, M. (2001). "Evolution of insect abdominal appendages: Are prolegs homologous or convergent traits?". Development Genes and Evolution. 211 (10): 486–492...

in some species. Fruits classified as berries are thus not necessarily homologous, with the fleshy part being derived from different parts of the ovary...

homologous chromosome in addition to the damaged chromosome. During logarithmic growth, a DNA damage in one chromosome may be removed by homologous recombinational...

apodemes, muscule attachment for the limbs. The B-plate, which may be homologous with the coxa or basal leg segment in other arthropods, is continuous...

ellipse-shaped seed of about 5 mm long and 2 mm in diameter. P. peltatum has nine homologous sets of chromosomes (2x=18). The ivy-leaved pelargonium was first described...

the past. Extratarsal spurs observed in extinct Mesozoic mammals are homologous with those seen in extant monotremes, and this feature was widespread...

hypothesis was confirmed in 2005 by discovery that human chromosome 2 is homologous with a fusion of two chromosomes that remain separate in other primates...