Direct repeat

Direct repeats are a type of genetic sequence that consists of two or more repeats of a specific sequence.[1] In other words, the direct repeats are nucleotide sequences present in multiple copies in the genome. Generally, a direct repeat occurs when a sequence is repeated with the same pattern downstream.[1] There is no inversion[clarification needed] and no reverse complement associated with a direct repeat. It may or may not have intervening nucleotides. The nucleotide sequence written in bold characters signifies the repeated sequence.

5´ TTACGnnnnnnTTACG 3´
3´ AATGCnnnnnnAATGC 5´

Linguistically, a typical direct repeat is comparable to saying "bye-bye".[1]

Types

There are several types of repeated sequences:

  • Interspersed (or dispersed) DNA repeats (interspersed repetitive sequences) are copies of transposable elements interspersed throughout the genome.
  • Flanking (or terminal) repeats (terminal repeat sequences) are sequences that are repeated on both ends of a sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on retroviruses. Direct terminal repeats are in the same direction and inverted terminal repeats are opposite to each other in direction.
  • Tandem repeats (tandem repeat sequences) are repeated copies which lie adjacent to each other. These can also be direct or inverted repeats.[citation needed] The ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA genes belong to the class of middle repetitive DNA.

Microsatellite DNA

A tract of repetitive DNA in which a motif of a few base pairs is tandemly repeated numerous times (e.g. 5 to 50 times) is referred to as microsatellite DNA. Thus direct repeat tandem sequences are a form of microsattelite DNA. The process of DNA mismatch repair plays a prominent role in the formation of direct trinucleotide repeat expansions.[2] Such repeat expansions underlie several neurological and developmental disorders in humans.[2]

Homologous recombination

In directly repeated sequences of the tobacco plant genome, DNA double-strand breaks can be efficiently repaired by homologous recombination between the repeated sequences.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Ussery, David W.; Wassenaar, Trudy; Borini, Stefano (2009). "Word Frequencies and Repeats §Word Frequencies, Repeats, and Repeat-related Structures in Bacterial Genomes". Computing for Comparative Microbial Genomics: Bioinformatics for Microbiologists. Computational Biology. Vol. 8 (1 ed.). Springer. pp. 133–144. doi:10.1007/978-1-84800-255-5_8. ISBN 978-1-84800-254-8.
  2. ^ a b Richard, G. F. (2021). "The Startling Role of Mismatch Repair in Trinucleotide Repeat Expansions". Cells. 10 (5): 1019. doi:10.3390/cells10051019. PMC 8145212. PMID 33925919.
  3. ^ Siebert R, Puchta H (May 2002). "Efficient repair of genomic double-strand breaks by homologous recombination between directly repeated sequences in the plant genome". Plant Cell. 14 (5): 1121–31. doi:10.1105/tpc.001727. PMC 150611. PMID 12034901.


Stub icon

This genetics article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Read other articles:

Garrincha

Garrincha Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Manuel Francisco dos SantosTanggal lahir (1933-10-28)28 Oktober 1933Tempat lahir Pau Grande (RJ), BrasilTanggal meninggal 20 Januari 1983(1983-01-20) (umur 49)Tempat meninggal Rio de Janeiro, BrasilTinggi 1,69 m (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in)Posisi bermain Gelandang sayapKarier junior1948–1952 Pau GrandeKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)1953–1965 Botafogo 236 (98)1966 Corinthians 4 (0)1967 Portuguesa Carioca 0 (0)1968 Atlético Junior ...

 

عقد 2010

عقد 2010معلومات عامةجزء من القرن 21 بتاريخ عقد 2010 تاريخ البدء 1 يناير 2010 تاريخ الانتهاء 31 ديسمبر 2019 وسم 2010s لديه جزء أو أجزاء 201020112012 عقد 2000 عقد 2020 تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات عقد 1980 | عقد 1990 | عقد 2000 | عقد 2010 | عقد 2020 | عقد 2030 | عقد 2040 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 عقد ...

 

Jablanica (district)

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Jablanica. Cet article est une ébauche concernant la Serbie et la géographie. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Jablanica Administration Pays Serbie Villesou municipalités LeskovacBojnikLebaneMedveđaVlasotinceCrna Trava Démographie Population 215 463 hab. (2011) Densité 78 hab./km2 Géographie Coordonnées 43° 00′ nord, 21° 5...

Olocausto in Albania

L'Olocausto in Albania rappresenta una serie di crimini commessi contro gli ebrei in Albania durante l'occupazione prima italiana e poi tedesca negli anni della seconda guerra mondiale. Durante la guerra, quasi 2.000 ebrei cercarono rifugio in Albania, la maggior parte di questi profughi fu accettata dalla popolazione locale. Per i 500 ebrei del Kosovo, l'esperienza fu completamente diversa e di questi circa il 40% non sopravvisse alla guerra. Una mappa dell'Albania durante la seconda guerra ...

 

Jogja City Mall

Jogja City MallJogja City Mall dilihat dari atasLokasi Jalan Magelang Km.6 No.18Kalurahan Sinduadi, Kapanéwon MlatiKabupaten Sleman 55284Koordinat7°45′12″S 110°21′40″E / 7.7532573°S 110.3610412°E / -7.7532573; 110.3610412Tanggal dibuka2014PemilikPT Garuda Mitra SejatiJumlah lantai7Parkir1500 mobil dan 1250 motorAkses transportasi umum 5A   5B   9  Jogja City MallSitus webjogjacitymall.com Jogja City Mall (Jawa: ꦗꦺꦴ�...

 

Vegetable juice

Cucumber, celery and apple juice Vegetable juice is a juice drink made primarily of blended vegetables and also available in the form of powders. Vegetable juice is often mixed with fruits such as apples or grapes to improve flavor. It is often touted as a low-sugar alternative to fruit juice, although some commercial brands of vegetable juices use fruit juices as sweeteners, and may contain large amounts of sodium.[1] Home-made juice See also: Juicing Making vegetable juice at home i...

Saunders-Roe SR.45 Princess

Saunders-Roe SR.45 PrincessIl Saunders-Roe SR.45 Princess G-ALUN in volo all'Airshow di Farnborough del 1953, si notano i galleggianti stabilizzatori laterali in posizione retrattaDescrizioneTipoIdrovolante di linea Equipaggio4(2 piloti, 2 ingegneri di bordo, navigatore e operatore radio) ProgettistaArthur Gouge Costruttore Saunders-Roe Data ordinemaggio 1946 Data primo volo22 agosto 1952 Data ritiro dal servizioradiati nel 1967 Esemplari3 Dimensioni e pesiLunghezza42,1 m (148 ft 0 in) Apertu...

 

Bhatkal railway station

Railway station in Karnataka, India This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Bhatkal railway station – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) BhatkalExpress train and Passenger train stationGeneral informationLocationIndiaCoordinates13°59...

 

Aleksandr Bol'šunov

Aleksandr Bol'šunov Aleksandr Bol'šunov a Seefeld in Tirol nel 2019 Nazionalità  Russia Altezza 185 cm Peso 83 kg Sci di fondo Palmarès  Russia Competizione Ori Argenti Bronzi Mondiali 1 6 1 Mondiali juniores 0 1 0 Trofeo Vittorie Coppa del Mondo 2 trofei Coppa del Mondo - Distanza 3 trofei  Atleti Olimpici dalla Russia Competizione Ori Argenti Bronzi Olimpiadi 0 3 1  ROC Competizione Ori Argenti Bronzi Olimpiadi 3 1 1 Per maggiori dettagli vedi qui Statistiche aggior...

Kesaudagaran

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Kesaudagaran – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Kesaudagaran adalah suatu keadaan penjualan barang grosir secara obral hanya untuk konsumen yang akan melakukan perdagangan secara eceran....

 

Guérande

Guérandecomune (dettagli) Guérande – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Francia Regione Paesi della Loira Dipartimento Loira Atlantica ArrondissementSaint-Nazaire CantoneGuérande TerritorioCoordinate47°20′N 2°26′W / 47.333333°N 2.433333°W47.333333; -2.433333 (Guérande)Coordinate: 47°20′N 2°26′W / 47.333333°N 2.433333°W47.333333; -2.433333 (Guérande) Superficie81,57 km² Abitanti16 214[1] (2009) Densità198,77 a...

 

Jovanka Mardova

Jovanka MardovaLahirJovanka Benca Mardova21 November 1978 (umur 45) Praha, CekoNama lainJovanka FlynnPekerjaanpemeranmodelTahun aktif1993–sekarangSuami/istriEugene Vincent Flynn ​ ​(m. 2000)​Anak3Orang tuaMardjohan Lubica Mardova Mard Johan (bapak)Lubica Mardova (ibu) Jovanka Benca Mardova (lahir 21 November 1978) adalah model dan pemeran[butuh rujukan] [1] Fasih Ia mampu berbicara dalam bahasa Inggris, Ceko, Slowakia, Minan...

Chin Yang Lee

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. Dalam nama Tionghoa ini, nama keluarganya adalah Lee. Chin Yang LeeLee pada c. 1957Nama asal黎錦揚PelafalanLí JǐnyángLahir(1915-12-23)23 Desember 1915Xiangtan, Hunan, Republik TiongkokMeninggal8 November 2018(2018-11-08) (umur 10...

 

إليانور من ألبوركويركي

ليونور من ألبوكويركي ملكة أراغون القرينة فترة الحكم1412–1416 مرافق yes معلومات شخصية الميلاد 1374ألديفيلا دي لا ريبيرا الوفاة 16 ديسمبر 1435 (العمر 60)مدينة ديل كامبو مكان الدفن دير سانتا ماريا لا ريال مواطنة تاج قشتالة  الديانة كاثوليكية الزوج فرديناند الأول ملك أراغون الأولاد �...

 

African Reference Alphabet

Defunct orthographic guideline for Africa Not to be confused with Africa Alphabet. The African Reference Alphabet is a largely defunct continent-wide guideline for the creation of Latin alphabets for African languages. Two variants of the initial proposal (one in English and a second in French) were made at a 1978 UNESCO-organized conference held in Niamey, Niger. They were based on the results of several earlier conferences on the harmonization of established Latin alphabets of individual la...

Motor Sport (magazine)

Motor racing magazine Motor SportApril 2019 coverEditorJoe DunnCategoriesMotor racingFrequencyMonthlyPublisherMotor Sport Magazine LimitedFirst issue1924CompanyMotor Sport Magazine LimitedCountryUnited KingdomLanguageEnglishWebsitehttps://www.motorsportmagazine.com/ISSN0027-2019 Motor Sport is a monthly motor racing magazine, founded in the United Kingdom in 1924[1] as the Brooklands Gazette.[2] The name was changed to Motor Sport for the August 1925 issue.[3] The maga...

 

بووم (فيلم)

بوومBoom (بالإنجليزية) ملصق الفيلممعلومات عامةالصنف الفني فيلم إغرائي — فيلم غموض تاريخ الصدور 2003 مدة العرض 110 دقيقة اللغة الأصلية الهندية — الإنجليزية البلد  الهند الطاقمالمخرج Kaizad Gustad (en) [1] السيناريو Kaizad Gustad (en) البطولة أميتاب باتشان جاكي شروف زينات أمان كاترينا كي�...

 

Libertarianism in the United States

Origin, history and development of libertarianism in the United States This article is about the origin, history and development of libertarianism in the United States. For the broader political philosophy that upholds liberty as a core principle, see Libertarianism. For the most common type of libertarianism in the United States, see Right-libertarianism. This article is part of a series onLibertarianismin the United States Schools Agorism Anarcho-capitalism Austro Autarchism Bleeding-heart ...

WAYV

Radio station in Atlantic City, New Jersey Not to be confused with WAVY. For the Chinese boy band, see WayV. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: WAYV – news · ne...

 

Anuqet

La dea Anuqet. Anuqet[1] (anche nota come Anouké, Anouki, Anucè, Anucis, e in epoca ellenistica Istia, Estia, Vesta) è una divinità egizia, appartenente alla religione dell'antico Egitto. Era adorata come parte della Triade di Elefantina. Indice 1 Etimologia 2 Descrizione 3 Culto 4 Cerimonie 5 Epiteti 6 Templi 7 Note 8 Bibliografia 9 Voci correlate 10 Altri progetti Etimologia In lingua egizia, era nota come Anuket, Anaka,[2] o Anqet.[3] Il suo nome significa la Se...