China–Netherlands relations officially began in November 1954.[1] In May 1972, diplomatic mission was increased to ambassadorial level.[1]On 11 May 1981, the diplomatic relations was downgraded to the charge d'affaires level due to the Dutch government ratified the construction of two submarines for Taiwan by the Dutch companies. Until 1 February 1984, China and the Netherlands restored ambassadorial diplomatic relations.[1]
China-Dutch relations began prior to the founding of the People's Republic of China in the 17th and 18th century when Dutch traders of the Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) setup trading post in Canton and also in the western coast of Taiwan.[2]
PRC–Netherlands began in 1954 to establish the diplomatic relations of the charge d'affaires level. Until 18 May 1972, China upgraded to the ambassadorial level with the Netherlands.[3] In the 1980s Taiwan ordered two submarines from a Dutch shipyard which were delivered despite tremendous Chinese pressure.[4] China accused the Netherlands of colluding with American President Ronald Reagan and downgraded relations to the charge d'affaires level with the Netherlands in 11 May 1981, and threatened to do the same to the US.[5] In 1984, the Netherlands agreed not to export additional military goods in order to restore relations to the ambassadorial level.[6]
Netherlands export to China includes petrochemicals, machinery, transport equipment, food, high technology and fossil fuels.[7] China's export to the Netherlands includes computer and consumer electronics, toys and clothes.[7][8][9]
In March 2014, Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping made the first state visit of China to the Netherlands in history.[10]
In July 2019, the UN ambassadors from 22 nations, including Netherlands, signed a joint letter to the UNHRC condemning China's mistreatment of the Uyghurs as well as its mistreatment of other minority groups, urging the Chinese government to close the Xinjiang internment camps.[11][12]
In February 2021, the Dutch House of Representatives voted to recognize the Chinese government's treatment of its Uyghur Muslim minority as genocide, becoming the first country in the European Union to do so.[13]
In February 2024, the Dutch Military Intelligence and Security Service and the General Intelligence and Security Service stated that Chinese state hackers penetrated a Dutch military network the prior year.[14] The same month, Dutch trade minister Geoffrey van Leeuwen justified export controls on ASML tools to China on the grounds that they would be used for "high-value weapons systems and weapons of mass destruction."[15] In April 2024, the Dutch Military Intelligence and Security Service stated that Chinese spies were actively targeting the Netherlands' semiconductor, aerospace and maritime industries in order to strengthen China's armed forces.[16]
In June 2024, the Dutch Ministry of Defence accused China of creating an "unsafe situation" when its fighter jets encircled Dutch frigate HNLMS Tromp in international waters in the East China Sea.[17][18]
{{cite web}}
Torneo Clausura 2020 Copa de Primera Tigo-Visión Banco «Prof. Cristóbal Maldonado»Datos generalesSede ParaguayCategoría Primera DivisiónFecha 16 de octubre de 2020 30 de diciembre de 2020Edición 123.raTV oficial Tigo SportsTigo Sports +PalmarésPrimero OlimpiaSegundo GuaraníTercero Sol de AméricaCuarto Guaireña FCDatos estadísticosParticipantes 12 equiposPartidos 73Goles 187 (2,65 por partido)Goleador Jorge Recalde (9 goles) Cronología Torneo Apertura 2020 Torneo Clausura 2020 Torneo…
Hospital in California, United StatesProvidence Saint Joseph Medical CenterProvidence Health & ServicesGeographyLocationBurbank, California, United StatesOrganizationCare systemPrivateTypeCommunityAffiliated universityNoneServicesBeds446[1]HistoryOpened1943LinksWebsitewww.providence.org/saintjosephListsHospitals in California Providence Saint Joseph Medical Center is a Catholic hospital in Burbank, California. The hospital has 446 beds, and is part of Providence Health & Services…
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Das Nokia Theatre, Veranstaltungsort der 64. Primetime Emmy Awards Nominiert: Jon Hamm, Hauptdarsteller der favorisierten Serie Mad Men Siebenmal für den Emmy nominiert: Louis C. K. Erhielt vier Nominierungen: Lena Dunham Die 64. Emmy-Verleihung in der Sparte Prime Time (64th Primetime Emmy Awards) fand am 23. September 2012 im Nokia Theatre in Los Angeles statt. In den Vereinigten Staaten wurde die Preisverleihung vom Sender ABC ausgestrahlt, im deutschsprachigen Raum wurde die Verleihung vom …
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Malle Parochie van Denemarken Situering Bisdom Bisdom Viborg Gemeente Vesthimmerlands Coördinaten 56°55'0,001NB, 9°14'12,001OL Algemeen Inwoners (2004) 209 Leden Volkskerk (2004) 191 Overig Kerken Malle Kirke Proosdij Vesthimmerlands Provsti Pastoraat Ranum-Malle Foto's Portaal Denemarken Malle is een parochie van de Deense Volkskerk in de Deense gemeente Vesthimmerlands. De parochie maakt deel uit van het bisdom Viborg en telt 191 kerkleden op een bevolking van 209 (2004). Tot 1…
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Italian. (November 2021) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Italian article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipe…
Filipino dish Crispy pataCourseMain coursePlace of originPhilippinesMain ingredientsDeep fried pig trotters or knuckles served with a soy-vinegar dip Media: Crispy pata Crispy pata[1] is a Filipino dish consisting of deep fried pig trotters or knuckles[2] served with a soy-vinegar dip.[3] It can be served as party fare or an everyday dish. Many restaurants serve boneless pata as a specialty. The dish is quite similar to the German Schweinshaxe. See also Fo…
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селище Подбереззя Подберезье Країна Росія Суб'єкт Російської Федерації Ленінградська область Муніципальний район Виборзький район Поселення Селезневське сільське поселення Код ЗКАТУ: 41215804005 Код ЗКТМО: 41615476166 Основні дані Населення ▼ 36 Поштовий індекс 188907 Телефонний…
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أكتوبر 2020) الحب أبرد من الموت (بالألمانية: Liebe ist kälter als der Tod) ملصق الفيلم الصنف فيلم دراما، وفلم فني، وفيلم كوميدي الموضوع دعارة تاريخ الصدور 1969 مدة …
Science fiction fan gatherings This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (September 2017) Hugo Award winners at Worldcon 2005 in Glasgow, August 2005. Speculative fiction Alternate history List of alternate history fiction Retrofuturism Sidewise Award Writers Fantasy fiction Anime Fandom Fantasy art Fiction magazines Films Genres History Legenda…
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