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Kazakhstan–Netherlands relations refer to the bilateral relations between Kazakhstan and the Netherlands. The Netherlands has an embassy in Astana.[1] Kazakhstan has an embassy in The Hague.[2]
History
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Diplomatic relations began on September 10, 1992.[3] In 1996, both countries signed an agreement to ensure fair taxation practices between them.[4] Also, in 2002, both countries signed a bilateral investment treaty to encourage foreign trade.[5]
In 2014, Astanaplein (Astana Square) was announced in Rotterdam, after Nursultan Nazarbayev visited the Netherlands, which opened in 2015.[6] When Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte visited Kazakhstan in May 2024, he took part in the opening ceremony of Amsterdam Square, in Astana.[7]
Economic relations
There is significant trade between the two countries in agriculture, oil, chemicals and machinery sectors.[8]
The Netherlands is the largest source of foreign direct investment into Kazakhstan.[9] $90.4 billion of foreign direct investment was directed from the Netherlands to Kazakhstan from 1991 till 2019.[10] Dutch companies invested $7.3 billion into the economy of Kazakhstan in 2019 accounting for 30.2% of total FDI that year and remaining the biggest investors in Kazakhstan.[11]
A bilateral investment treaty signed in 2002 establishes a framework for fair and equitable treatment of respective investments and capital so to encourage foreign direct investment and trade.[5]
State visits
In March 2014, Nursultan Nazarbayev visited the Netherlands, to participate in the 3rd Nuclear Security Summit.[6]
In 2015, Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte met with Nursultan Nazarbayev in Astana, Kazakhstan and affirmed the Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and Kazakhstan.[12] He visited the city again in 2024, to discuss expanding ties in areas like agriculture, renewable energy, and water management.[13]
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