Cephem  Cephems are a sub-group of β-lactam antibiotics including cephalosporins and cephamycins.[1] It is one of the more common 4-membered ring Heterocyclic compounds in the clinic.[2] Produced by actinomycetes, cephamycins were found to display antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria, including those resistant to penicillin and cephalosporins.[3] The antimicrobial properties of cephem include the attachment to certain penicillin-binding proteins that are involved in the production of cell walls of bacteria.[4] Further reading
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