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Blanet

A blanet is a member of a hypothetical class of exoplanets that directly orbit black holes.[1]

Blanets are fundamentally similar to other planets; they have enough mass to be rounded by their own gravity, but are not massive enough to start thermonuclear fusion and become stars. In 2019, a team of astronomers and exoplanetologists showed that there is a safe zone around a supermassive black hole that could harbor thousands of blanets in orbit around it.[2][3]

Etymology

The team led by Keiichi Wada of Kagoshima University in Japan has given this name to black hole planets.[4] The word is a portmanteau of black hole and planet.

Formation

Blanets are suspected to form in the accretion disk that orbits a sufficiently large black hole, provided the disk is relatively dim.[3][5][6] Radiation feedback from the black hole could rotationally disrupt large dust grains in its accretion disk, causing them to break apart and preventing the formation of blanets.[6]

Properties

Blanets around supermassive black holes formed by the hole's accretion disk are likely to be at least 20 Earth masses and may have very long orbital periods to the order of hundreds of thousands of years. Despite their large mass relative to Earth, it would be difficult for blanets to gain a sufficient atmosphere in order to become gas giants due to Bondi accretion by the black hole.[3]

Blanets may be heated by the black hole's accretion disk, or, if sufficiently close to the black hole, may be heated by blueshifted cosmic microwave background radiation.[7]

Blanets sufficiently close to their host black hole may also be tidally locked or even tidally deformed.[7]

Candidates

In fiction

References

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  1. ^ Letzter, R. (6 August 2020). "Thousands of Earthlike 'blanets' might circle the Milky Way's central black hole". Space.com. Retrieved 2020-08-08.
  2. ^ Wada, K.; Tsukamoto, Y.; Kokubo, E. (26 November 2019). "Planet Formation around Supermassive Black Holes in the Active Galactic Nuclei". The Astrophysical Journal. 886 (2): 107. arXiv:1909.06748. Bibcode:2019ApJ...886..107W. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab4cf0.
  3. ^ a b c Wada, K.; Tsukamoto, Y.; Kokubo, E. (2021). "Formation of "Blanets" from Dust Grains around the Supermassive Black Holes in Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 909 (1): 96. arXiv:2007.15198. Bibcode:2021ApJ...909...96W. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abd40a. S2CID 220870610.
  4. ^ Starr, M. (3 August 2020). "We Have Ploonets. We Have Moonmoons. Now Hold Onto Your Hats For... Blanets". ScienceAlert. Retrieved 2020-08-08.
  5. ^ Greene, T. (2020-08-04). "Scientists: What if black holes had a safe zone where little planets could live? Let's call them 'blanets'". The Next Web. Retrieved 2020-08-08.
  6. ^ a b Giang, Nguyen Chau; Hoang, Thiem; Tram, Le Ngoc; Dieu, Nguyen Duc; Diep, Pham Ngoc; Phuong, Nguyen Thi; Tuan, Bui Van; Truong, Bao (2022). "On Planet Formation around Supermassive Black Holes and Grain Disruption Barriers by Radiative Torques". The Astrophysical Journal. 936 (2): 108. arXiv:2111.11800. Bibcode:2022ApJ...936..108G. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac80c2.
  7. ^ a b Schnittman, Jeremy (24 September 2019). "Life on Miller's Planet: The Habitable Zone Around Supermassive Black Holes". arXiv:1910.00940 [physics.pop-ph].
  8. ^ "Chandra Sees Evidence for Possible Planet in Another Galaxy - NASA". Retrieved 2024-08-07.
  9. ^ Martin, Pierre-Yves (2016). "Planet IGR J12580+0134 b". exoplanet.eu. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
  10. ^ Lei, Wei-Hua; Yuan, Qiang; Zhang, Bing; Wang, Daniel (2016-01-01). "Igr J12580+0134: The First Tidal Disruption Event with an Off-Beam Relativistic Jet". The Astrophysical Journal. 816 (1): 20. arXiv:1511.01206. Bibcode:2016ApJ...816...20L. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/816/1/20. ISSN 0004-637X.
  11. ^ Doctor Who (Television production).
  12. ^ Interstellar (Motion picture). 2014.
  13. ^ Thorne, Kip (2014). The Science of Interstellar. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393351378.
  14. ^ Star Trek: The Next Generation (Television production).
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