From the total of 4,949 stars known to have exoplanets (as of July 24, 2024), there are a total of 1007 known multiplanetary systems,[1] or stars with at least two confirmed planets, beyond the Solar System. This list includes systems with at least three confirmed planets or two confirmed planets where additional candidates have been proposed. The stars with the most confirmed planets are the Sun (the Solar System's star) and Kepler-90, with 8 confirmed planets each, followed by TRAPPIST-1 with 7 planets.
The 1007 multiplanetary systems are listed below according to the star's distance from Earth. Proxima Centauri, the closest star to the Solar System, has three planets (b, c and d). The nearest system with four or more confirmed planets is Gliese 876, with four known.[citation needed][a] The farthest confirmed multiplanetary system is OGLE-2012-BLG-0026L, at 13,300 light-years (4,100 pc) away.[3]
The table below contains information about the coordinates, spectral and physical properties, and the number of confirmed (unconfirmed) planets for systems with at least 2 planets and 1 not confirmed. The two most important stellar properties are mass and metallicity because they determine how these planetary systems form. Systems with higher mass and metallicity tend to have more planets and more massive planets. However, although low metallicity stars tend to have fewer massive planets, particularly hot-Jupiters, they also tend to have a larger number of close-in planets, orbiting at less than 1 AU.[4]
Closest star to the Sun and closest star to the Sun with a multiplanetary system. Planet b is potentially habitable.[7][8] Planet c initially appeared likely but has since been disputed.[9]
Closest star to the Sun with exactly six[29] exoplanets, and closest K-type main sequence star to the Sun with a multiplanetary system. One of the oldest stars with a multiplanetary system, although it is still more metal-rich than the Sun. None of the known planets is in the habitable zone.[30]
Planets d, e, f and g are potentially habitable. Only star known with exactly seven confirmed planets. All seven terrestrial planets lie within only 0.07 AU of the star.
Nearest F-type main sequence star with a multiplanetary system. Second-brightest star in the night sky with a multiplanetary system after 7 Canis Majoris. All exoplanets orbit around star A in the binary system.
Planet Taphao Thong was discovered in 1996 and was one of the first exoplanets to be discovered.[48] The planet was the first long-period extrasolar planet discovered. The other planets were discovered later.[49]
Planets b and c are in a 2:1 orbital resonance.[71] Planet b orbits in the habitable zone, but it and planet c are massive enough to be brown dwarfs. HD 82943 has an unusual lithium-6 abundance.[72]
Only A-type main sequence star with a multiplanetary system, and hottest and most massive single main sequence star with a multiplanetary system. All four planets are massive super-Jupiters.
Planet d, the outermost confirmed planet, is a Jupiter-sized planet which orbits in the habitable zone.[99] Radial velocity measurements discovered an additional signal, which could be a fourth planet or a stellar companion.[100]
One planet is a gas giant which orbits in the habitable zone.[109][110] WASP-47 is the only planetary system known to have both planets near the hot Jupiter and another planet much further out.[111]
Only pulsar with a multiplanetary system, and first exoplanets and multiplanetary system to be confirmed.[121][122] Star with dimmest apparent magnitude to have a multiplanetary system.
All eight exoplanets are larger than Earth and are within 1.1 AU of the parent star. Only star apart from the Sun with at least eight planets.[142] A Hill stability test shows that the system is stable.[143] Planet h orbits in the habitable zone.
One of the farthest systems from the Sun with a multiplanetary system, and the farthest system where exoplanets were discovered by the Kepler space telescope.
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^Jeffers, S. V.; Dreizler, S.; Barnes, J. R.; Haswell, C. A.; Nelson, R. P.; Rodríguez, E.; López-González, M. J.; Morales, N.; Luque, R.; et al. (2020), "A multiple planet system of super-Earths orbiting the brightest red dwarf star GJ887", Science, 368 (6498): 1477–1481, arXiv:2006.16372, Bibcode:2020Sci...368.1477J, doi:10.1126/science.aaz0795, PMID32587019, S2CID220075207
^Pozuelos, Francisco J.; Suárez, Juan C.; de Elía, Gonzalo C.; Berdiñas, Zaira M.; Bonfanti, Andrea; Dugaro, Agustín; et al. (2020). "GJ 273: On the formation, dynamical evolution, and habitability of a planetary system hosted by an M dwarf at 3.75 parsec". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 641: A23. arXiv:2006.09403. Bibcode:2020A&A...641A..23P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038047. S2CID219721292. GJ 273 is a planetary system orbiting an M dwarf only 3.75 pc away, composed of two confirmed planets, GJ 273b and GJ 273c, and two promising candidates, GJ 273d and GJ 273e ... the system remained stable only for values of inclinations ranging from 90◦ to ~72◦
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^Davison, Cassy L.; White, Russel J.; Henry, Todd J.; Riedel, Adric R.; Jao, Wei-Chun; Bailey III, John I.; Quinn, Samuel N.; Justin R., Cantrell; John P., Subasavage; Jen G., Winters (2015). "A 3D Search for Companions to 12 Nearby M-Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 149 (3): 106. arXiv:1501.05012. Bibcode:2015AJ....149..106D. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/149/3/106. S2CID9719725.
^Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Arriagada, Pamela; Vogt, Steven S.; Rivera, Eugenio J.; Butler, R. Paul; Crane, Jeffrey D.; Shectman, Stephen A.; Thompson, Ian B.; Minniti, Dante; Haghighipour, Nader; Carter, Brad D.; Tinney, C. G.; Wittenmyer, Robert A.; Bailey, Jeremy A.; O'Toole, Simon J.; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Jenkins, James S. (2012). "A Planetary System around the nearby M Dwarf GJ 667C with At Least One Super-Earth in Its Habitable Zone". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 751 (1). L16. arXiv:1202.0446. Bibcode:2012ApJ...751L..16A. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/751/1/L16. S2CID16531923.
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^Tuomi, Mikko; et al. (2014), "Bayesian search for low-mass planets around nearby M dwarfs – estimates for occurrence rate based on global detectability statistics", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 441 (2): 1545–1569, arXiv:1403.0430, Bibcode:2014MNRAS.441.1545T, doi:10.1093/mnras/stu358, S2CID32965505.
^Tuomi, Mikko; Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Gerlach, Enrico; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Reiners, Ansgar; Rivera, Eugenio J.; Vogt, Steven S.; Butler, R. Paul (17 December 2012). "Habitable-zone super-Earth candidate in a six-planet system around the K2.5V star HD 40307". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 549: A48. arXiv:1211.1617. Bibcode:2013A&A...549A..48T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220268. S2CID7424216.
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^Mayor, M.; Marmier, M.; Lovis, C.; Udry, S.; Ségransan, D.; Pepe, F.; Benz, W.; Bertaux, J.-L.; Bouchy, F.; Dumusque, X.; Lo Curto, G.; Mordasini, C.; Queloz, D.; Santos, N. C. (September 13, 2011), The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXIV. Occurrence, mass distribution and orbital properties of super-Earths and Neptune-mass planets, arXiv:1109.2497
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^Mayor, M.; Marmier, M.; Lovis, C.; Udry, S.; Ségransan, D.; Pepe, F.; Benz, W.; Bertaux, J.-L.; Bouchy, F.; Dumusque, G.; Curto, Lo; Mordasini, C.; Queloz, D.; Santos, N. C.; et al. (2011). "The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXIV. Occurrence, mass distribution and orbital properties of super-Earths and Neptune-mass planets". arXiv:1109.2497 [astro-ph].
^Philip S. Muirhead; John Asher Johnson; Kevin Apps; Joshua A. Carter; Timothy D. Morton; Daniel C. Fabrycky; J. Sebastian Pineda; Michael Bottom; Barbara Rojas-Ayala; Everett Schlawin; Katherine Hamren; Kevin R. Covey; Justin R. Crepp; Keivan G. Stassun; Joshua Pepper; Leslie Hebb; Evan N. Kirby; Andrew W. Howard; Howard T. Isaacson; Geoffrey W. Marcy; David Levitan; Tanio Diaz-Santos; Lee Armus; James P. Lloyd (2012). "Characterizing the Cool KOIs III. KOI-961: A Small Star with Large Proper Motion and Three Small Planets". The Astrophysical Journal. 747 (2): 144. arXiv:1201.2189. Bibcode:2012ApJ...747..144M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/747/2/144. S2CID14889361.
^Orell-Miquel, J.; Nowak, G.; Murgas, F.; Palle, E.; Morello, G.; Luque, R.; Badenas-Agusti, M.; Ribas, I.; Lafarga, M.; Espinoza, N.; Morales, J. C.; Zechmeister, M.; Alqasim, A.; Cochran, W. D.; Gandolfi, D.; Goffo, E.; Kabáth, P.; Korth, J.; Livingston, J.; Lam, K. W. F.; Muresan, A.; Persson, C. M.; Van Eylen, V. (2023). "HD 191939 revisited: New and refined planet mass determinations, and a new planet in the habitable zone". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 669: A40. arXiv:2211.00667. Bibcode:2023A&A...669A..40O. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244120. S2CID253197272.
^ abLeleu, A.; Alibert, Y.; Hara, N. C.; Hooton, M. J.; Wilson, T. G.; Robutel, P.; Delisle, J.-B.; Laskar, J.; Hoyer, S.; Lovis, C.; Bryant, E. M.; Ducrot, E.; Cabrera, J.; Delrez, L.; Acton, J. S.; Adibekyan, V.; Allart, R.; Prieto, Allende; Alonso, R.; Alves, D.; et al. (2021-01-20). "Six transiting planets and a chain of Laplace resonances in TOI-178". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A26. arXiv:2101.09260. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A..26L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039767. ISSN0004-6361. S2CID231693292.
^Rajpaul, V. M.; Buchhave, L. A.; Lacedelli, G.; Rice, K.; Mortier, A.; Malavolta, L.; Aigrain, S.; Borsato, L.; Mayo, A. W.; Charbonneau, D.; Damasso, M.; Dumusque, X.; Ghedina, A.; Latham, D. W.; López-Morales, M.; Magazzù, A.; Micela, G.; Molinari, E.; Pepe, F.; Piotto, G.; Poretti, E.; Rowther, S.; Sozzetti, A.; Udry, S.; Watson, C. A. (2021), "A HARPS-N mass for the elusive Kepler-37d: A case study in disentangling stellar activity and planetary signals", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 507 (2): 1847–1868, arXiv:2107.13900, Bibcode:2021MNRAS.507.1847R, doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2192 Kepler-37e is discussed in sections 2.2.2 & 6.4.
^Santerne, A.; Malavolta, L.; Kosiarek, M. R.; Dai, F.; Dressing, C. D.; Dumusque, X.; Hara, N. C.; Lopez, T. A.; Mortier, A.; Vanderburg, A.; Adibekyan, V.; Armstrong, D. J.; Barrado, D.; Barros, S. C. C.; Bayliss, D.; Berardo, D.; Boisse, I.; Bonomo, A. S.; Bouchy, F.; Brown, D. J. A.; Buchhave, L. A.; Butler, R. P.; Collier Cameron, A.; Cosentino, R.; Crane, J. D.; Crossfield, I. J. M.; Damasso, M.; Deleuil, M. R.; Delgado Mena, E.; et al. (2019). "An extremely low-density and temperate giant exoplanet". arXiv:1911.07355 [astro-ph.EP].
^Lissauer, Jack J; Marcy, Geoffrey W; Bryson, Stephen T; Rowe, Jason F; Jontof-Hutter, Daniel; Agol, Eric; Borucki, William J; Carter, Joshua A; Ford, Eric B; Gilliland, Ronald L; Kolbl, Rea; Star, Kimberly M; Steffen, Jason H; Torres, Guillermo (2014). "Validation Of Kepler's Multiple Planet Candidates. Ii. Refined Statistical Framework and Descriptions of Systems of Special Interest". The Astrophysical Journal. 784 (1): 44. arXiv:1402.6352. Bibcode:2014ApJ...784...44L. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/784/1/44. S2CID119108651.
^ abBarclay, Thomas; Quintana, Elisa V; Adams, Fred C; Ciardi, David R; Huber, Daniel; Foreman-Mackey, Daniel; Montet, Benjamin T; Caldwell, Douglas (2015). "The Five Planets in the Kepler-296 Binary System All Orbit the Primary: A Statistical and Analytical Analysis". The Astrophysical Journal. 809 (1): 7. arXiv:1505.01845. Bibcode:2015ApJ...809....7B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/7. S2CID37742564.
^Steffen, Jason H.; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Ford, Eric B.; Carter, Joshua A.; Desert, Jean-Michel; Fressin, Francois; Holman, Matthew J.; Lissauer, Jack J.; Moorhead, Althea V.; Rowe, Jason F.; Ragozzine, Darin; Welsh, William F.; Batalha, Natalie M.; Borucki, William J.; Buchhave, Lars A.; Bryson, Steve; Caldwell, Douglas A.; Charbonneau, David; Ciardi, David R.; Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael; Everett, Mark E.; Gautier III, Thomas N.; Gilliland, Ron L.; Girouard, Forrest R.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Horch, Elliott; Howell, Steve B.; Isaacson, Howard; et al. (2012), "Transit Timing Observations from Kepler: III. Confirmation of 4 Multiple Planet Systems by a Fourier-Domain Study of Anti-correlated Transit Timing Variations", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 421 (3), arXiv:1201.5412, Bibcode:2012MNRAS.421.2342S, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20467.x, S2CID11898578
^Cubillos, Patricio; Erkaev, Nikolai V.; Juvan, Ines; Fossati, Luca; Johnstone, Colin P.; Lammer, Helmut; Lendl, Monika; Odert, Petra; Kislyakova, Kristina G. (2016), "An overabundance of low-density Neptune-like planets", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 466 (2): 1868–1879, arXiv:1611.09236, doi:10.1093/mnras/stw3103, S2CID119408956
^Jontof-Hutter, Daniel; Ford, Eric B.; Rowe, Jason F.; Lissauer, Jack J.; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Christa Van Laerhoven; Agol, Eric; Deck, Katherine M.; Holczer, Tomer; Mazeh, Tsevi (2015), "Secure TTV Mass Measurements: Ten Kepler Exoplanets between 3 and 8 M🜨 with Diverse Densities and Incident Fluxes", The Astrophysical Journal, 820 (1): 39, arXiv:1512.02003, doi:10.3847/0004-637X/820/1/39, S2CID11322397
^Ekrem Murat Esmer; Baştürk, Özgür; Selim Osman Selam; Aliş, Sinan (2022), "Detection of two additional circumbinary planets around Kepler-451", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 511 (4): 5207–5216, arXiv:2202.02118, Bibcode:2022MNRAS.511.5207E, doi:10.1093/mnras/stac357
^Masuda, Kento; Hirano, Teruyuki; Taruya, Atsushi; Nagasawa, Makiko; Suto, Yasushi (2013). "Characterization of the KOI-94 System with Transit Timing Variation Analysis: Implication for the Planet-Planet Eclipse". The Astrophysical Journal. 778 (2): 185–200. arXiv:1310.5771. Bibcode:2013ApJ...778..185M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/778/2/185. S2CID119264400.
^Bonomo, Aldo S.; Zeng, Li; Damasso, Mario; Leinhardt, Zoë M.; Justesen, Anders B.; Lopez, Eric; Lund, Mikkel N.; Malavolta, Luca; Silva Aguirre, Victor; Buchhave, Lars A.; Corsaro, Enrico; Denman, Thomas; Lopez-Morales, Mercedes; Mills, Sean M.; Mortier, Annelies; Rice, Ken; Sozzetti, Alessandro; Vanderburg, Andrew; Affer, Laura; Arentoft, Torben; Benbakoura, Mansour; Bouchy, François; Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen; Collier Cameron, Andrew; Cosentino, Rosario; Dressing, Courtney D.; Dumusque, Xavier; Figueira, Pedro; Fiorenzano, Aldo F. M.; García, Rafael A.; Handberg, Rasmus; Harutyunyan, Avet; Johnson, John A.; Kjeldsen, Hans; Latham, David W.; Lovis, Christophe; Lundkvist, Mia S.; Mathur, Savita; Mayor, Michel; Micela, Giusi; Molinari, Emilio; Motalebi, Fatemeh; Nascimbeni, Valerio; Nava, Chantanelle; Pepe, Francesco; Phillips, David F.; Piotto, Giampaolo; Poretti, Ennio; Sasselov, Dimitar; Ségransan, Damien; Udry, Stéphane; Watson, Chris (May 2019). "A giant impact as the likely origin of different twins in the Kepler-107 exoplanet system". Nature Astronomy. 3 (5): 416–423. arXiv:1902.01316. Bibcode:2019NatAs...3..416B. doi:10.1038/s41550-018-0684-9. S2CID89604609.
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Christian AnfinsenChristian B. Anfinsen in 1969LahirChristian Boehmer Anfinsen, Jr.March 26, 1916Monessen, PennsylvaniaMeninggal14 Mei 1995(1995-05-14) (umur 79)Randallstown, MarylandKebangsaanAmericanAlmamaterSwarthmore College (BS, 1937)University of Pennsylvania (MS, 1939) Harvard Medical School (PhD, 1943)Dikenal atasRibonuclease, Anfinsen's dogmaPenghargaanHadiah Nobel dalam Kimia (1972)Karier ilmiahBidangBiochemistry Christian Boehmer Anfinsen, Jr. adalah seorang biokimiawan Ameri...
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Area of the East End of London, England Human settlement in EnglandBlackwallVirginia Quay, the line that runs down the centre of the avenue marking the prime meridianBlackwallShow map of London Borough of Tower HamletsBlackwallLocation within Greater LondonShow map of Greater LondonPopulation19,461 (2011 Census. Blackwall and Cubitt Town Ward)[1]OS grid referenceTQ385805London boroughTower HamletsCeremonial countyGreater LondonRegionLondonCountryEnglandSoverei...
Allium platycaule Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Plantae Divisi: Tracheophyta Kelas: Liliopsida Ordo: Asparagales Famili: Amaryllidaceae Genus: Allium Spesies: Allium platycaule Nama binomial Allium platycauleS.Watson Allium platycaule adalah spesies tumbuhan yang tergolong ke dalam famili Amaryllidaceae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Asparagales. Spesies Allium platycaule sendiri merupakan bagian dari genus bawang Allium.[1] Nama ilmiah dari spesies ini pertama kali dite...
У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Джуно. ГородДжуноJuneau Флаг Герб 58°21′05″ с. ш. 134°30′42″ з. д.HGЯO Страна США Статус административный центр штата Штат Аляска Боро Боро Джуно Мэр Бет Уэлдон История и география Основан 1881 Прежние названия Харрисбу�...
English veterinarian and biologist Professor D S Mills Daniel Simon Mills, FRCVS (born 21 August 1966) is an English veterinarian and biologist and the UK's first Professor of Veterinary Behavioural Medicine based at the University of Lincoln, United Kingdom. He attended St Edmund's College, Ware before studying at the University of Bristol where he received his BVSc degree and completed his Ph.D. degree in animal behaviour from De Montfort University. Biography After some time spent in gener...
穆罕默德·达乌德汗سردار محمد داود خان 阿富汗共和國第1任總統任期1973年7月17日—1978年4月28日前任穆罕默德·查希爾·沙阿(阿富汗國王)继任穆罕默德·塔拉基(阿富汗民主共和國革命委員會主席團主席) 阿富汗王國首相任期1953年9月7日—1963年3月10日君主穆罕默德·查希爾·沙阿 个人资料出生(1909-07-18)1909年7月18日 阿富汗王國喀布尔逝世1978年4月28日(...
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala. Museum Pendidikan SurabayaNama sebagaimana tercantum dalamSistem Registrasi Nasional Cagar Budaya Cagar budaya IndonesiaPeringkatNasionalKategoriBangunanLokasikeberadaanSurabayaPemilikPemerintah Kota SurabayaPengelolaPemerintah Kota Surabaya Museum Pendidikan Surabaya terletak di Jalan G...
دورة فرنسا المفتوحة 1988 رقم الفعالية 87 البلد فرنسا التاريخ 1988 الرياضة كرة المضرب الفعاليات دورة فرنسا المفتوحة 1988 - فردي السيدات، ودورة فرنسا المفتوحة 1988 - فردي الرجال، ودورة فرنسا المفتوحة 1988 - زوجي السيدات، ودورة فرنسا المفتوحة 1988 – زوجي رجال ...
New Zealand-born Christian evangelist Ray ComfortBorn (1949-12-05) 5 December 1949 (age 74)Christchurch, New ZealandNationalityNew ZealanderCitizenshipUnited StatesOccupation(s)Christian evangelist, author, television hostKnown forThe Way of the Master, Living Waters Publications, Christian evangelismChildren3[1]Websitewww.livingwaters.com/team/ray-comfort/ Ray Comfort (born 5 December 1949) is a New Zealand-born Christian minister, evangelist and young Earth creationist who...
قصة الإسكندرمعلومات عامةالمؤلف عدة مؤلفين اللغة الإغريقية النوع الأدبي أسطورة تاريخ الإصدار القرن 3 شخصيات الإسكندر الأكبر تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات مخطوطة أرمنية لقصة الإسكندر من القرن 15 م تستند إلى ترجمة من القرن 5 م قصص أو قصة أو رواية الإسكندر، (Alexander Romance) �...
Artikel ini bukan mengenai Mark Boals. Mark BoalBoal pada 2012Lahir23 Januari 1973 (umur 51)New York City, New York, ASAlmamaterOberlin College (1995)PekerjaanJurnalis, penulis naskah, produserKerabatChristopher Stetson Boal (saudara tiri) Mark Boal (lahir 23 Januari 1973) adalah seorang jurnalis, penulis naskah dan produser asal Amerika Serikat. Sebelum menjadi figur sinema berpengaruh, Boal bekerja sebagai jurnalis untuk publikasi-publikasi seperti Rolling Stone, The Village Voice, Sal...
American college basketball season The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's general notability guideline. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted.Find sources: 2012–13 Texas A&M–Corpus Christi Islanders men's basketball team...