Bargate stone

Church of St Mary and All Saints, Dunsfold

Bargate stone is a highly durable form of sandstone. It owes its yellow, butter or honey colouring to a high iron content.[1] In some contexts it may be considered to be a form of ironstone[citation needed]. However, in the context of stone buildings local to the extraction of Bargate Stone, the term 'ironstone' is often used to refer to a darker stone, also extracted from the Greensand, which rusts to a brown colour.[2]

Sources

This stone was quarried for centuries in the Bargate Member of the Greensand Ridge, particularly where it is widest in south west Surrey, England. It occurs near the surface and was quarried in the hillsides near Godalming. Medieval quarries are still visible in Godalming, at the foot of Holloway Hill.[1]

Bargate stone is rare in current use due to its short supply.[2] Bath stone, Yorkstone and other similar coloured stone is sometimes used as alternatives, or to complement it[citation needed].

Petrography

Bargate stone is typically a mix of sandy bioclastic limestone and bioclastic sandstone. The intergranular cements comprise ferroan carbonate.[3]

Use

Bargate Stone is found in many buildings in Surrey, approximately 250 of which are listed, and in two churches in London.[4] It is endemic to older buildings near the Greensand Ridge where it is found. Its 20th-century use tended towards coursed use of Bargate sandstone with bricks, or concrete, sometimes with ashlar dressings or mortar rendering.[5]

Examples

Early medieval

Guildford Castle keep

16th Century

Tillingbourne Cottage, Wotton, Surrey[12]

17th Century

Cosford Mill, Thursley[13]

18th Century

The tower on the top of Leith Hill

19th Century

20th Century

See also

Notes and references

Notes
  1. ^ Tower parapet only
  2. ^ By Joseph Peacock
  3. ^ By Sir Edwin Lutyens
  4. ^ by architect Benjamin Ferrey - Bargate here described not as sandstone but ragstone
  5. ^ By Lutyens
  6. ^ By Lutyens
  7. ^ By Henry Woodyer as architect's home, now school
  8. ^ By Henry Woodyer, formerly a church
  9. ^ William Bassett Smith and Thomas Graham Jackson
  10. ^ By J D Coleridge, for Robert EA Murray and later for Sir John Jarvis
  11. ^ Mostly made of Doulton stone
  12. ^ By Frederick Walters, dressings in Bath stone, many religious reredos including angels and the Virgin Mary
References
  1. ^ a b "Bargate Stone in the Guildford Area". Guildford Society. 23 October 2017.
  2. ^ a b "Repair and maintenance of stone buildings" (PDF). Spelthorne Borough Council.
  3. ^ Lott, Graham; Cameron, Don. "The building stones of South East England : Mineralogy and provenance" (PDF). British Geological Survey. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
  4. ^ Advanced Search by text 'Bargate' less Bargate Farmhouse and Street/Lane/Bargate meaning road
  5. ^ a b Pinewoods Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1192323)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  6. ^ The Castle Keep, Castle Hill (Guildford) Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1377881)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  7. ^ St Nicholas's Church, Compton Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1188621)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  8. ^ Church of St. Mary the Virgin, Oxted Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1189608)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  9. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1377918)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  10. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1378082)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  11. ^ All Saints, Witley Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1260732)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  12. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1378102)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  13. ^ Cosford Mill Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1241732)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  14. ^ Leith Hill Tower Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1028808)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  15. ^ St Catherine's 'School' Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1377893)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  16. ^ St Stephen's Church, Kensington Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1293603)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  17. ^ St Nicholas's Church, Guildford Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1029291)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  18. ^ St Michaels Church, Camberley Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1030037)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  19. ^ Charterhouse School, Main Building Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1190288)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
    Charterhouse School, Old Museum House Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1190406)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  20. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1235247)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  21. ^ St Stephen's Church Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1235247)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  22. ^ Historic England (15 March 1988). "Bookers Tower Guildford (Grade II) (1188100)". National Heritage List for England.
  23. ^ Munstead Wood Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1261159)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  24. ^ Chinthurst Hill Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1260635)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  25. ^ Grafham GrangeHistoric England. "Details from listed building database (1249489)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  26. ^ St James' CourtHistoric England. "Details from listed building database (1378283)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  27. ^ St John's Church, CaterhamHistoric England. "Details from listed building database (1294940)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  28. ^ Pergola Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1000302)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  29. ^ Hascombe Court Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1384634)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  30. ^ War memorial platform, Bramshott Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1392394)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  31. ^ Pergola Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1391327)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  32. ^ Orchards (park and garden) Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1001174)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.

Read other articles:

Benteng Victoria

Benteng Nieuw VictoriaNama sebagaimana tercantum dalamSistem Registrasi Nasional Cagar BudayaGerbang Benteng Victoria, Maluku. Cagar budaya IndonesiaPeringkatNasionalKategoriSitusNo. RegnasCB.362LokasikeberadaanSirimau, kota Ambon, MalukuNo. SK SK Menteri No.PM.31/PW.007/MKP/2008 SK Menteri No.193/M/2017 Tanggal SK 23 Mei 2008 14 Juli 2017 PemilikPemerintah provinsi MalukuPengelolaKomando Daerah Militer XVI/PattimuraKoordinat3°41′33″S 128°10′49″E / 3.6925723°S 128.1...

 

Carolyn McCarthy

Carolyn McCarthy Carolyn McCarthy (lahir 5 Januari 1944) adalah seorang perawat dan politikus Amerika Serikat yang menjabat sebagai anggota DPR dari 1997 sampai 2015. Ia berasal dari Partai Demokrat. Pranala luar Wikisumber memiliki karya asli dari atau mengenai: Carolyn McCarthy Carolyn McCarthy di Curlie (dari DMOZ) Biografi di Biographical Directory of the United States Congress Catatan suara dikelola oleh The Washington Post Biografi, catatan suara, dan penilaian kelompok kepentingan di P...

 

Justice League (TV series)

US 2001-2004 animated television series Justice LeagueGenreSuperheroScience fictionActionAdventureCrossoverDramaBased onJustice Leagueby Gardner FoxDeveloped byBruce TimmWritten byRich Fogel (seasons 1-2)Stan Berkowitz (seasons 1-2)Dwayne McDuffie (season 2)Directed byButch LukicDan RibaVoices ofKevin ConroyGeorge NewbernSusan EisenbergPhil LaMarrMichael RosenbaumCarl LumblyMaria Canals-BarreraTheme music composerLolita RitmanisComposersMichael McCuistionKristopher CarterLolita RitmanisCountr...

Now We Are Free (album)

2012 studio album by LeadersNow We Are FreeStudio album by LeadersReleasedMarch 27, 2012 (2012-03-27)GenreChristian metal, metalcoreLength28:29LabelFacedownProducerLeaders, Zack OhrenLeaders chronology Now We Are Free(2012) Indomitable(2013) Now We Are Free is the first studio album from Leaders. Facedown Records released the album on March 27, 2012. Leaders worked with Zack Ohren, in the production of this album.[1] Critical reception Professional ratingsReview...

 

Platyzoa

Platyzoa Pseudobiceros bedfordi (Bedford's Flatworm) Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Upakerajaan: Eumetazoa (Tidak termasuk) Bilateria (Tidak termasuk) Protostomia Superfilum: PlatyzoaCavalier-Smith, 1998 Filum Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Gnathifera (unranked) Rotifera Acanthocephala Gnathostomulida Micrognathozoa Cycliophora Platyzoa /ˌplæt[invalid input: 'ɨ']ˈzoʊ.ə/ adalah kelompok protostomia hewan diusulkan oleh Thomas Cavalier-Smith pada tahun 1998. Cavalier-Smith memasukka...

 

Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's 105 kg

Weightlifting at the Olympics Men's 105 kgat the Games of the XXVII OlympiadVenueSydney Convention and Exhibition CentreDate25 SeptemberCompetitors21 from 18 nationsMedalists Hossein Tavakkoli  Iran Alan Tsagaev  Bulgaria Said Saif Asaad  Qatar← 19962004 → Weightlifting at the2000 Summer OlympicsMenWomen56 kg48 kg62 kg53 kg69 kg58 kg77 kg63 kg85 kg69 kg94 kg75 kg105 kg+75 kg+105 kgvte Main article: Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics The me...

László Rajk

Hungarian politician (1909–1949) This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (August 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this message) László RajkMinister of the Interior of HungaryIn office20 March 1946 – 5 August 1948Prime MinisterFerenc NagyLajos DinnyésPreceded byImre NagySucceeded byJános KádárMinister of Foreign Affairs of HungaryI...

 

1924 Minnesota gubernatorial election

Election for the governorship of the U.S. state of Minnesota 1924 Minnesota gubernatorial election ← 1922 November 4, 1924 1926 →   Nominee Theodore Christianson Floyd B. Olson Carlos Avery Party Republican Farmer–Labor Democratic Popular vote 406,692 366,029 49,353 Percentage 48.71% 43.84% 5.91% County resultsChristianson:      40-50%      50-60%      60-70%Olson:    &#...

 

Військово-музичне управління Збройних сил України

Військово-музичне управління Збройних сил України Тип військове формуванняЗасновано 1992Країна  Україна Емблема управління Військово-музичне управління Збройних сил України — структурний підрозділ Генерального штабу Збройних сил України призначений для планува...

Shadow Minister for Employment

Shadow Minister for EmploymentIncumbentAlison McGovernsince 4 December 2021AppointerLeader of the OppositionInaugural holderBarbara CastleFormation19 June 1970WebsiteThe Shadow Cabinet The office of Shadow Minister for Employment is a position on the United Kingdom's Official Opposition frontbench, and has occasionally been a position in the Shadow Cabinet. From 1970 to 1995, the duty of the office holder was to scrutinise the actions of the government's Secretary of State for Employmen...

 

Penha-Lojas Besni (São Paulo Metro)

This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: Penha-Lojas Besni São Paulo Metro – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2015) São Paulo Metro station Penha–Lojas BesniTrain at Penha StationGeneral informationCoordinates23°32′00″S 46°32′32″W / 23.5...

 

Deep Web (film)

artikel ini perlu dirapikan agar memenuhi standar Wikipedia. Tidak ada alasan yang diberikan. Silakan kembangkan artikel ini semampu Anda. Merapikan artikel dapat dilakukan dengan wikifikasi atau membagi artikel ke paragraf-paragraf. Jika sudah dirapikan, silakan hapus templat ini. (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari...

Mojave Desert

Desert in the southwestern United States Mojave DesertHayyikwiir Mat'aar (Mohave)Desierto de Mojave (Spanish)Sand dunes in Death ValleyLocation within North AmericaEcologyRealmNearcticBiomeDeserts and xeric shrublandsBorders List California montane chaparral and woodlandsColorado Plateau shrublandsGreat Basin DesertSonoran DesertSierra Nevada Bird species230[1]Mammal species98[1]GeographyArea81,000 km2 (31,000 sq mi)CountryUnited StatesStatesArizonaCal...

 

PRISM (reactor)

Nuclear reactor design Drawing of the PRISM Reactor PRISM (Power Reactor Innovative Small Module, sometimes S-PRISM from SuperPRISM) is a nuclear power plant design by GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GEH). Design The S-PRISM represents GEH's Generation IV reactor solution to closing the nuclear fuel cycle and is also part of its Advanced Recycling Center (ARC) proposition[1] to U.S. Congress to deal with nuclear waste.[2] S-PRISM is a commercial implementation of the Integral Fast ...

 

Sibilla di Hohenzollern

Sibilla di HohenzollernAnonimo, Sibilla di Hohenzollern (XVI secolo); olio su tela, 27×22 cm, Castello di Gripsholm.Duchessa di Jülich e Berg e contessa di RavensbergStemma In carica25 luglio 1481 –6 settembre 1511 PredecessoreElisabetta di Nassau-Saarbrücken Successoreunione con Ducato di Kleve NascitaAnsbach, 31 maggio 1467 MorteKaster, 9 luglio 1524 (57 anni) Casa realeHohenzollern PadreAlberto III di Brandeburgo MadreAnna di Sassonia ConsorteGuglielmo IV di Jülich-Be...

Dungloe

Gaeltacht town in County Donegal, Ireland Town in Ulster, IrelandAn Clochán Liath DungloeTownLocation in IrelandCoordinates: 54°57′07″N 8°21′29″W / 54.952°N 8.358°W / 54.952; -8.358CountryIrelandProvinceUlsterCountyCounty DonegalBaronyBoylaghDáil ÉireannDonegalElevation16 m (52 ft)Population (2022)[1]1,247Dialing code074, +000 353 74Irish Grid ReferenceB766115As this is a Gaeltacht town, the Irish An Clochán Liath is the only offi...

 

Booker T (wrestler)

American professional wrestler (born 1965) Not to be confused with Booker T. Jones, Booker T. Washington, or Booker (professional wrestling). For the song by Bad Bunny, see Booker T (song). Booker TBooker T in 2018Birth nameBooker T. Huffman Jr.Born (1965-03-01) March 1, 1965 (age 59)Plain Dealing, Bossier, Louisiana, U.S.[1]Spouse(s) Levestia Huffman ​ ​(m. 1996; div. 2001)​ Sharmell Sullivan ​(m. 2005)​...

 

Amanchu!

Amanchu! Logo de l'édition française du manga. あまんちゅ! Type Shōnen Genres Tranche de vie, amitié, comédie Thèmes Plongée sous-marine Manga Auteur Kozue Amano Éditeur (ja) Mag Garden (fr) Ki-oon Prépublication Monthly Comic Blade Sortie initiale 29 novembre 2008 – 10 mai 2021 Volumes 17 Anime japonais Réalisateur Jun'ichi SatōKen'ichi Kasai (en) Scénariste Deko Akao (en) Studio d’animation J. C. Staff Compositeur Gontiti Chaîne AT-X, Tokyo MX, Sun TV, S...

Geoffrey Clifton-Brown

British Conservative politician For the MP from Bury St Edmunds, see Geoffrey Clifton-Brown (Bury St Edmunds MP). Sir Geoffrey Clifton-BrownFRICS MPOfficial portrait, 2020Chair of the Public Accounts CommitteeIncumbentAssumed office 11 September 2024Preceded byDame Meg HillierTreasurer of the 1922 CommitteeIncumbentAssumed office N/AMember of Parliament for North CotswoldsThe Cotswolds (2010–2024)Cotswold (1997–2010)Cirencester and Tewkesbury (1992–1997)IncumbentAssumed offi...

 

Sindbis virus

Species of virus Sindbis virus CryoEM model of Sindbis virus. EMDB entry EMD-2374[1] Virus classification (unranked): Virus Realm: Riboviria Kingdom: Orthornavirae Phylum: Kitrinoviricota Class: Alsuviricetes Order: Martellivirales Family: Togaviridae Genus: Alphavirus Species: Sindbis virus Sindbis virus (SINV) is a member of the Togaviridae family, in the Alphavirus genus. The virus was first isolated in 1952 in Cairo, Egypt.[2] The virus is transmitted by mosquitoes (Culex ...