Westminster is the main settlement of the City of Westminster in London, United Kingdom. It extends from the River Thames[1] to Oxford Street and has many famous landmarks, including the Palace of Westminster, Buckingham Palace, Westminster Abbey, Westminster Cathedral, Trafalgar Square and much of the West End cultural centre including the entertainment precinct of West End Theatre.
The name (Old English: Westmynstre)[2] originated from the informal description of the abbey church and royal peculiar of St Peter's (Westminster Abbey), west of the City of London (until the English Reformation there was also an Eastminster, near the Tower of London, in the East End of London). The abbey's origins date from between the 7th and 10th centuries, but it rose to national prominence when rebuilt by Edward the Confessor in the 11th century. Westminster has been the home of England's government since about 1200, and from 1707 the Government of the United Kingdom. In 1539, it became a city.
Westminster is often used as a metonym to refer to the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which sits in the Palace of Westminster.
The City and Liberty of Westminster and other historical Westminster administrative units (except the broader modern City of Westminster, a London Borough created in 1965) extended from the River Thames to the old Roman road from the City to western England, which is now locally called Oxford Street.
{{{annotations}}}
Thorney Island lay between the arms of the former River Tyburn at its confluence with the Thames, while the western boundary with Chelsea was formed by the similarly lost River Westbourne.[3] The line of the river still forms (with very slight revisions) the boundaries of the modern borough with the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea.
Further north, away from the river mouth, Westminster included land on both sides of the Westbourne, notably Knightsbridge (including the parts of Hyde Park west of the Serpentine lake (originally formed by damming the river) and most of Kensington Gardens).
Westminster includes the sub-districts of Soho, St James, Mayfair, Covent Garden, Pimlico, Victoria, Belgravia and Knightsbridge (shared with neighbouring Kensington).
The former City of Westminster merged with the neighbouring boroughs of Paddington and Marylebone in 1965 to form a larger modern borough. These neighbouring areas (except for a small area of Paddington in part of Kensington Gardens), lie north of Oxford Street and its westward continuation, Bayswater Road.
The district's open spaces include:
The development of the area began with the establishment of Westminster Abbey on a site then called Thorney Island. The site may have been chosen because of the natural ford which is thought to have carried Watling Street over the Thames in the vicinity.[4] The wider district became known as Westminster in reference to the church.
The legendary origin[5] is that in the early 7th century, a local fisherman named Edric (or Aldrich) ferried a stranger in tattered foreign clothing over the Thames to Thorney Island. It was a miraculous appearance of St Peter, a fisherman himself, coming to the island to consecrate the newly built church, which later developed into Westminster Abbey. He rewarded Edric with a bountiful catch when he next dropped his nets. Edric was instructed to present the king and St. Mellitus, Bishop of London, with a salmon and various proofs that the consecration had already occurred. Every year on 29 June, St Peter's Day, the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers presents the Abbey with a salmon in memory of this event.[6]
A charter of 785, possibly a forgery, grants land to the needy people of God in Thorney, in the dreadful spot which is called Westminster. The text suggests a pre-existing monastic community who chose to live in a very challenging location.
The recorded origins of the Abbey (rather than a less important religious site) date to the 960s or early 970s, when Saint Dunstan and King Edgar installed a community of Benedictine monks on the site.[7]
Between 1042 and 1052, King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to provide himself with a royal burial church. It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style. The building was completed around 1060 and was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066.[8] A week later, he was buried in the church; and, nine years later, his wife Edith was buried alongside him.[9] His successor, Harold II, was probably crowned in the abbey, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later the same year.[10]
The only extant depiction of Edward's abbey, together with the adjacent Palace of Westminster, is in the Bayeux Tapestry. Some of the lower parts of the monastic dormitory, an extension of the south transept, survive in the Norman Undercroft of the Great School, including a door said to come from the previous Saxon abbey. Increased endowments supported a community that increased from a dozen monks in Dunstan's original foundation, up to a maximum of about eighty monks.[11]
Most of the parishes of Westminster originated as daughter parishes of St Margaret's parish, in the City and Liberty of Westminster, Middlesex. The exceptions to this were St Clement Danes, St Mary le Strand and possibly some other small areas.
The ancient parish was St Margaret; after 1727 this became the civil parish of 'St Margaret and St John', the latter a new church required for the increasing population. The area around Westminster Abbey formed the extra-parochial Close of the Collegiate Church of St Peter. Like many large parishes, Westminster was divided into smaller units called Hamlets (meaning a territorial sub-division, rather than a small village). These would later become independent daughter parishes.
Until 1900 the local authority was the combined vestry of St Margaret and St John (also known as the Westminster District Board of Works from 1855 to 1887), which was based at Westminster Town Hall in Caxton Street from 1883.[12]
The Liberty of Westminster, governed by the Westminster Court of Burgesses, also included St Martin in the Fields and several other parishes and places. Westminster had its own quarter sessions, but the Middlesex sessions also had jurisdiction.
Under local government reforms in 1889, the area fell within the newly created County of London, and the local government of Westminster was further reformed in 1900, when the court of burgesses and the parish vestries were abolished and replaced by the Metropolitan Borough of Westminster. The borough was given city status at the same time, allowing it to be known as the City of Westminster and its council as Westminster City Council.
The City and Liberty of Westminster and the Metropolitan Borough of Westminster were very similar in extent, covering the parts of the wider modern City of Westminster south of the Oxford Street, and its continuations Hyde Park Place. The exception is that part of Kensington Gardens, south of that road, are part of Paddington.
Westminster merged with St Marylebone and Paddington in 1965, but the combined area was allowed to keep the title City of Westminster.[13]
For a list of street name etymologies for Westminster see Street names of Westminster
The former Thorney Island, the site of Westminster Abbey, formed the historic core of Westminster. The abbey became the traditional venue of the coronations of the kings and queens of England from that of Harold Godwinson (1066) onwards.
From about 1200 the Palace of Westminster, near the abbey, became the principal royal residence, a transition marked by the transfer of royal treasury and financial records to Westminster from Winchester. Later the palace housed the developing Parliament and England's law courts. Thus, London developed two focal points: the City of London (financial/economic) and Westminster (political and cultural).
The monarchs moved their principal residence to the Palace of Whitehall (1530–1698), then to St James's Palace in 1698, and eventually to Buckingham Palace and other palaces after 1762. The main law courts moved to the Royal Courts of Justice in the late-19th century.
The settlement grew up around the palace and abbey, as a service area for them. The parish church, St Margaret's Westminster served the wider community of the parish; the servants of the palace and abbey as well as the rural population and those associated with the high status homes developing on the road from the city. The area became larger and in the Georgian period became connected through urban ribbon development with the City along the Strand.
Henry VIII's Reformation in the early 16th century abolished the abbey and established a cathedral – thus the parish ranked as a "City", although it was only a fraction of the size of the City of London and the Borough of Southwark at that time.
Indeed, the cathedral and diocesan status of the church lasted only from 1539 to 1556, but the "city" status remained for a mere parish within Middlesex. As such it is first known to have had two Members of Parliament in 1545 as a new Parliamentary Borough, centuries after the City of London and Southwark were enfranchised.[14]
The growing Elizabethan city had a High Constable, Bailiff, Town Clerk, and a keeper of the ponds.[15]
Charles Booth's poverty map showing Westminster in 1889 recorded the full range of income- and capital-brackets living in adjacent streets within the area; its central western area had become (by 1850) (the) Devil's Acre in the southern flood-channel ravine of the River Tyburn, yet Victoria Street and other small streets and squares had the highest colouring of social class in London: yellow/gold. Westminster has shed the abject poverty with the clearance of this slum and with drainage improvement, but there is a typical Central London property distinction within the area which is very acute, epitomised by grandiose 21st-century developments, architectural high-point listed buildings[17] and nearby social housing (mostly non-council housing) buildings of the Peabody Trust founded by philanthropist George Peabody.
Given the focus on Westminster in English and British public life over centuries, the name "Westminster" is casually used as a metonym for the UK Parliament and for the political community of the United Kingdom generally. (The civil service is similarly referred to using the name of the northern sub-neighbourhood which it inhabits, "Whitehall".) "Westminster" is consequently also used in reference to the Westminster system, the parliamentary model of democratic government that has evolved in the United Kingdom and for those other nations, particularly in the Commonwealth of Nations and for other parts of the former British Empire that adopted it.
The term "Westminster Village", sometimes used in the context of British politics, does not refer to a geographical area at all; employed especially in the phrase "Westminster Village gossip", it denotes a supposedly close social circle of members of parliament, political journalists, so-called spin-doctors and others connected to events in the Palace of Westminster and in Government ministries.
The area has a substantial residential population. By the 20th century Westminster saw rising numbers of residential apartments with wealthy inhabitants. Hotels, large Victorian homes and barracks exist near to Buckingham Palace.
Westminster hosts the High Commissions of many Commonwealth countries:[18]
Within the area is Westminster School, a major public school which grew out of the abbey, and the University of Westminster, attended by over 20,000 students.
'On þisum geare com Harold kyng of Eoforwic to Westmynstre'
Chinese entertainment company Yuehua EntertainmentTypePrivateIndustryMusicEntertainmentFoundedJune 2009FounderDu HuaHeadquartersBeijing, ChinaKey peopleDu Hua (Founder, President and CEO)Li Ruigang (President of China Media Capital (CMC))Park Moo-sung (President of YueHua Korea)Lee Sang-gyu (Co-CEO of YueHua Korea) Jung Hae-chang (Co-CEO of YueHua Korea)ProductsAlbumsConcertsMusic videosMoviesServicesPublishing recordsMusic CopyrightArtist ManagementFilm/TV ProductionEntertainment agencyWebsiteh…
Флаг Камбоджи Субъект Камбоджа Утверждён 20 октября 1948 Отменён 9 октября 1970 Повторноучреждён 30 июня 1993 Использование Пропорция 16:25 Обоснование символики Ангкор-Ват Предыдущие флаги Флаг в 1992—1993 годах Медиафайлы на Викискладе Госуда́рственный флаг Камбо́джи (кхмер. ទ
قرية الربوعية - قرية - تقسيم إداري البلد اليمن المحافظة محافظة حجة المديرية مديرية قفل شمر العزلة عزلة بني جل السكان التعداد السكاني 2004 السكان 159 • الذكور 100 • الإناث 59 • عدد الأسر 15 • عدد المساكن 8 معلومات أخرى التوقيت توقيت اليمن (+3 غرينيتش) تعد…
Stasiun Shinano-Sakai信濃境駅Stasiun Shinano-Sakai pada Desember 2010LokasiSakai, Fujimi-cho, Suwa-gun. Nagano-ken 399-0101JepangKoordinat35°53′06″N 138°16′32″E / 35.8850°N 138.2755°E / 35.8850; 138.2755Ketinggian921.4 meter[1]Pengelola JR EastJalur■ Jalur Utama ChūōLetak dari pangkal178.2 km dari TokyoJumlah peron2 peron sampingJumlah jalur2Informasi lainStatusTanpa stafSitus webSitus web resmiSejarahDibuka1 November 1928PenumpangFY2015166 per…
SP Tableware Información del equipo Código UCI SPT País Grecia Fundación 2009 Disolución 2014 Disciplina Ciclismo en ruta Web https://web.archive.org/web/20130301053844/http://www.sptcycling.gr/index.php/en Dirección Gerente Georgios Leventakis Director general Giorgios Maniatis Director deportivo Vasileios Anastopoulos Denominaciones 20092010-20112012-20132014 SP Tableware-Gatsoulis BikesSP TablewareSP Tableware Cycling TeamSP Tableware Equipación SP Tableware (código UCI: SPT),[1…
قرية بيت المفضل - قرية - تقسيم إداري البلد اليمن المحافظة محافظة صنعاء المديرية مديرية بني مطر العزلة عزلة بنيسوار السكان التعداد السكاني 2004 السكان 576 • الذكور 288 • الإناث 288 • عدد الأسر 81 • عدد المساكن 60 معلومات أخرى التوقيت توقيت اليمن (+3 غريني…
Este artigo ou secção contém uma lista de referências no fim do texto, mas as suas fontes não são claras porque não são citadas no corpo do artigo, o que compromete a confiabilidade das informações. Ajude a melhorar este artigo inserindo citações no corpo do artigo. (Maio de 2016) Bryophyta sensu lato Anthoceros levis Classificação científica Domínio: Eukaryota Reino: Plantae Sub-reino: Embryophyta Superdivisão: Bryophyta sensu lato Divisões Marchantiophyta (hepáticas) Anthoce…
Bupati IndramayuPetahanaNina Agustinasejak 26 Februari 2021Masa jabatan5 tahunPejabat pertamaRaden Singalodra Berikut ini adalah artikel tentang daftar bupati Indramayu dari tahun 1900. No Bupati Mulai menjabat Akhir menjabat Prd. Wakil Bupati ket 1 Raden Singalodra (Wiralodra I) 1 [ket. 1] 2 Raden Wirapati (Wiralodra II) 2 3 Raden Sawedi (Wiralodra III) 3 4 Raden Banggala (Wiralodra IV) 4 5 Raden Banggali (Wiralodra V) 5 6 Raden Samaun (Wiralodra VI) 6 7 Raden Krestal 7 8 Raden War…
American comedy television series HarlemGenreComedyCreated byTracy OliverStarring Meagan Good Grace Byers Shoniqua Shandai Jerrie Johnson Tyler Lepley Country of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of seasons2No. of episodes18ProductionExecutive producers Dave Becky Kim Lessing Tracy Oliver Amy Poehler Mimi Valdés Pharrell Williams Producers David Bausch Britt Matt Shani Saxon CinematographyMatt EdwardsEditors Christian Kinnard Kate Pedatella Running time30 minutesProduction companie…
Metzia lineata Status konservasiRisiko rendahIUCN181085 TaksonomiKerajaanAnimaliaFilumChordataKelasActinopteriOrdoCypriniformesFamiliCyprinidaeGenusMetziaSpesiesMetzia lineata Pellegrin, 1907 lbs Metzia lineata adalah sebuah spesies ikan cyprinid.[1][2] Spesies tersebut hidup di sungai-sungai kecil dan berukuran menengah di selatan Tiongkok, Taiwan, Laos, dan Vietnam dan dianggap kurang berresiko oleh IUCN Red List.[1] Spesies tersebut memiliki panjang standar maksimum 10…
British band Verminator redirects here. For the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles character, see Verminator-X. The HamstersBackground informationOriginSouthend-on-Sea, EnglandGenresBlues rock, R&B, Americana, rockabillyYears active1987–2012MembersSnail's-Pace SlimRev Otis ElevatorMs Zsa Zsa PoltergeistWebsitewww.thehamsters.co.uk The Hamsters were a British band from Southend-on-Sea, Essex, England. They performed their first live show at the Cliffs Pavilion, Southend-on-Sea, on 1 April 1987, a…
Honors and tributes received by Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell c.1918–1919 Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes include honors bestowed upon him and awards named for him. Alexander Graham Bell received numerous tributes during his life, and new awards were subsequently named for him posthumously.[1] Alexander Graham Bell was born on March 16, 1847. Major awards and tributes Among those tributes: Chief George Henry Martin Johnson (Onwanonsyshon) of the aboriginal Six N…
Road in Lincolnshire, England A153Major junctionsFromLouthMajor intersectionsA16 A158 A155 A17 A15 A607ToHonington LocationCountryUnited KingdomConstituent countryEngland Road network Roads in the United Kingdom Motorways A and B road zones The A153 crosses the River Witham at Tattershall bridge.The 1969 bridge in the foreground, the older brick one behind The A153 is a non-primary A road entirely in Lincolnshire in the east of England.[1] Route description The A153 starts at the T-junct…
Joseph Radetzky von Radetz Mars Radetzky Radetzky March Johann Strauss I diaransemen untuk Korps Musik Marinir Amerika Serikat Bermasalah memainkan berkas ini? Lihat bantuan media. Mars Radetzky, Op. 228 adalah lagu mars karya Johann Strauss I pada tahun 1848. Lagu ini didedikasikan untuk Panglima Tertinggi Austria Joseph Radetzky von Radetz, dan menjadi lagu mars yang sangat populer di kalangan tentara. Ketika lagu ini pertama kali dimainkan di depan perwira Austria yang hadir, mereka secara sp…
العلاقات البيروفية الكرواتية بيرو كرواتيا بيرو كرواتيا تعديل مصدري - تعديل العلاقات البيروفية الكرواتية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين بيرو وكرواتيا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقارنة بيرو …
Prof. S. SivadasNative nameഎസ്. ശിവദാസ്Born (1940-02-19) 19 February 1940 (age 83)OccupationWriter, teacherLanguageMalayalamEducationMSc. ChemistryAlma materCMS College Kottayam S. Sivadas (born 1940) is an Indian children's writer in Malayalam. He is the author of around 200 books which include popular science, contemporary ecology, short stories, novels and other fictional stories with an emphasis on scientific outlook.[1] He was a chemistry professor at C…
Mariental CommandoDisbandedDecember 1988 (35 years ago) (1988-12)Country Republic of South AfricaAllegiance Republic of South Africa Branch South African Army TypeInfantryRoleLight InfantrySizeOne BattalionPart ofSouth West Africa Territorial ForceArmy Territorial ReserveGarrison/HQMariental, South West Africa, now NamibiaMilitary unit Mariental Commando was a light infantry regiment of the South West Africa Territorial Force. It formed part of the Area F…
Cemetery in Devon, England The former Cemetery Lodge, now a private residence Barnstaple Cemetery (properly Bear Street Cemetery) is the burial ground for the town of Barnstaple in Devon and is managed by North Devon Council.[1] The cemetery opened in 1856 for the Barnstaple Burial Board and extends over an area of 13.2 acres and is bisected by a stream between the two slopes on which the cemetery is laid out. It has two chapels and a Cemetery Lodge (now in private ownership),[2]…
日本とチュニジアの関係 日本 チュニジア 日本とチュニジアの関係(にほんとチュニジアのかんけい、アラビア語: العلاقات اليابانية التونسية、英語: Japan-Tunisia relations) では、日本とチュニジアの関係について概説する。日本とチュニジア共和国の関係とも。概ね友好的な関係を築いている。 両国の比較 チュニジア 日本 両国の差 人口 1181万8618人…
Municipality in Innlandet, Norway Municipality in Innlandet, NorwayØystre Slidre Municipality Øystre Slidre kommuneMunicipalityØstre Slidre herred (historic name)Buahaugen in Øystre Slidre FlagCoat of armsInnlandet within NorwayØystre Slidre within InnlandetCoordinates: 61°14′11″N 9°8′37″E / 61.23639°N 9.14361°E / 61.23639; 9.14361CountryNorwayCountyInnlandetDistrictValdresEstablished1849 • Preceded bySlidre MunicipalityAdministrati…
Lokasi Pengunjung: 18.191.223.123