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August 1905
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August 9, 1905: Russian and Japanese delegates open peace negotiations in U.S. at Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Indian tribal delegates approve constitution for proposed 46th U.S. state, Sequoyah
August 1, 1905 (Tuesday)
Japan established its own government on the recently-captured Russian island of Sakhalin.
[1]
Tsar Nicholas II of Russia held a council of the grand dukes, cabinet ministers, and other officials to make plans to create the Duma, Russia's first representative legislature.
[1]
August 2, 1905 (Wednesday)
Businessman and right-wing politician
Christian Lundeberg
became Prime Minister of Sweden.
The
Ancient Order of Druids
initiated
neo-Druidic
rituals at
Stonehenge
in England.
Born:
Myrna Loy
, American film, television and stage actress known for portraying Nora Charles in the series of
The Thin Man
films; as Myrna Adele Williams in
Helena, Montana
(d. 1993)
Ruth Nelson
, American stage and film actress; in
Saginaw, Michigan
(d. 1992)
August 3, 1905 (Thursday)
The Governor of Louisiana ordered the state naval reserve to seize two U.S. Coast Guard cutters outside of
New Orleans
. The ships had been directed to enforce a quarantine against people leaving the state during a
yellow fever
epidemic.
[1]
One cutter was seized the next day, while the other sailed away.
August 4, 1905 (Friday)
Japanese warships appeared off of the coast of the Russian Empire's easternmost city,
Vladivostok
.
[1]
Born:
Abeid Karume
,
President of Zanzibar
who overthrow the Sultan in 1964 and then united his nation with
Tanganyika
to form
Tanzania
; in
Mwera
on the island of
Zanzibar
(assassinated 1972)
Died:
Walther Flemming
, 62, German biologist and founder of
cytogenetics
Kinjikitile Ngwale
, Tanganyikan
Matumbi
spiritual medium who led a rebellion against the German administration for
German East Africa
, was hanged for treason
August 5, 1905 (Saturday)
The peace conference representatives of Russia and Japan met for the first time as the guests of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt at his home in Oyster Bay, New York.
[1]
From there, they sailed on U.S. Navy ships for the meeting site at
Portsmouth, New Hampshire
. The peace envoys of Russia and Japan arrived on August 8, where they were welcomed by the Governor of New Hampshire.
August 6, 1905 (Sunday)
In a gunbattle in New York City's Chinatown section, three Chinese residents were shot dead and several others severely injured.
[1]
August 7, 1905 (Monday)
King Oscar and Crown Prince Gustaf
King
Oscar II of Sweden
appointed
Gustaf V
to serve as his
regent
.
[1]
Surgeons with the U.S. Marine Hospital Service entered New Orleans to take charge of preventing the spread of
yellow fever
.
[1]
A crowd of 20,000 Finnish people under the administration of the Russian Empire gathered at
Helsingfors
(now Helsinki) to demand sweeping changes in the
Grand Duchy of Finland
.
[1]
Died:
Alexander Melville Bell
, 86, Scottish-born American linguist and elocutionist who developed the "
Visible Speech
" system in 1867 to aid persons born deaf to in speaking; father of
Alexander Graham Bell
August 8, 1905 (Tuesday)
Fourteen employees of a department store in
Albany, New York
were killed when the building collapsed suddenly.
[1]
Born:
André Jolivet
, French composer; in
Paris
(d. 1974)
August 9, 1905 (Wednesday)
The peace conference between Russia and Japan began at Portsmouth. The next day, Japan presented its terms for peace and the Russian representatives telegraphed the information to Tsar Nicholas.
[1]
Born:
Leo Genn
, English stage, film, TV and radio actor; in
London
(d. 1978)
August 10, 1905 (Thursday)
A timepiece created in Victoria Hong Kong on 10 August 1905
U.S. President Roosevelt addressed a large crowd of mining union members at Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.
[1]
August 11, 1905 (Friday)
The Russian Council appointed by Tsar Nicholas II met at Peterhoff and approved a plan for a national Duma, the first representative assembly in the Empire.
[1]
August 12, 1905 (Saturday)
Russia's Tsar sent his counterproposal to Japan regarding peace conditions, and the conference began to consider the 12-point agenda. The Russians agreed to three of the 12 conditions on August 14, and two more on August 15.
[1]
Leopold II of Belgium
opened the
Antwerpen-Central railway station
.
The first running took place of the
Shelsley Walsh Speed Hill Climb
in England, the world's oldest motorsport event to be staged continuously on its original course.
August 13, 1905 (Sunday)
At a referendum in Norway, voters opted almost unanimously for dissolution of the union with Sweden.
[1]
In Canada, an Indian village near
Ashcroft, British Columbia
, was swept away by a flash flood of the
Thompson River
caused by a landslide.
[1]
A train collision on the New York City and St. Louis Railroad killed 12 people near
Vermillion, Ohio
.
[1]
Born:
Gareth Jones
, Welsh journalist and foreign correspondent; in
Barry, Vale of Glamorgan
(d. 1935)
August 14, 1905 (Monday)
Judge
Frank Plumley
, the American arbitrator of France's claims against Venezuela, allowed $636,212 of more than eight million dollars worth of demands.
[1]
Polish novelist
Henryk Sienkiewicz
was sentenced to house arrest indefinitely after being convicted of signing and publishing a manifesto protesting the Russification of schools within the Governorate of Warsaw.
[1]
Died:
Simeon Solomon
, 64, controversial British painter who achieved posthumous fame
August 15, 1905 (Tuesday)
Mexican-American prospector
Pablo Valencia
got lost in the
Sonoran Desert
of
Arizona
with no water. Enduring almost eight days of dehydration, Valencia wandered until he was discovered on August 23 by anthropologist William J. McGee and McGee's Papago Indian assistant, Jose.
[2]
McGee would later recount Valencia's ordeal in a paper, "Desert Thirst as Disease".
[3]
Japanese troops landed on Russian soil, coming ashore at Siberia after crossing the Strait of Tartary.
[1]
August 16, 1905 (Wednesday)
The Sultan of Morocco refused the French ministers demands for the release of an Algerian chief, as well as for indemnity for French financial losses.
[1]
Born:
Marian Rejewski
, Polish mathematician and cryptologist who reconstructed Germany's
Enigma machine
during World War II (d. 1980)
Died:
Lyman Hall
, 46, President of Georgia Tech since 1896
August 17, 1905 (Thursday)
A timepiece created in Victoria Hong Kong on 17 August 1905
Negotiations between Russia and Japan broke down over disagreements with the remaining seven Japanese conditions for peace. The conference adjourned the next day, but agreed to meet again on August 22.
[1]
August 18, 1905 (Friday)
Russian Tsar II proclaimed the creation of the Russia's first representative assembly, to be selected by indirect vote.
[1]
August 19, 1905 (Saturday)
President Roosevelt invited one of the Russian peace envoys, Baron Rosen, to discuss with him the necessity to make peace.
[1]
August 20, 1905 (Sunday)
Chinese revolutionary leader
Sun Yat-sen
formed the first chapter of
Tongmenghui
, a union of all secret societies determined to bringing down the
Manchu dynasty
.
Lord Curzon resigned as Viceroy of India, and the Earl of Minto was appointed as his successor.
[1]
Born:
Jean Gebser
, German-born Swiss philosopher; in
Posen
,
German Empire
(now Poznan in Poland) (d. 1973)
Mikio Naruse
, Japanese filmmaker; in
Tokyo
(d. 1969)
Died:
Canadian Senator
David Wark
, 101, the longest-lived legislator in the world, Senator for the province of
New Brunswick
for 38 years since the founding of the Dominion of Canada in 1867
August 21, 1905 (Monday)
The Sequoyah Constitutional Convention took place in
Muskogee
in the U.S.
Indian Territory
and approved a constitution for the proposed
State of Sequoyah
, seeking admission as the only Native American majority state in the U.S.
[4]
Delegates from the Creek, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw and Seminole nations drafted the document, which was approved overwhelmingly in a November 7 referendum. Instead, President Roosevelt proposed the joining of the Indian Territory with the white-ruled Oklahoma Territory, and the
Oklahoma Enabling Act
would unify the two territories effective June 16, 1906, with Oklahoma admitted as the 46th U.S. state on November 16, 1907.
Died:
Mary Mapes Dodge
, 74, American children's author known for the novel
Hans Brinker, or The Silver Skates
August 22, 1905 (Tuesday)
The sinking of the Japanese ferry
Kinjo Maru
killed 160 people after the British ship
HMS
Baralong
collided with it in the Sea of Japan off of the coast of Shimishima.
[5]
Born:
Johan Lyng
, Norwegian politician who briefly served as
Prime Minister of Norway
in 1963; in
Trondheim
(d. 1978)
August 23, 1905 (Wednesday)
Knabenshue on his dirigible (in Toledo, Ohio)
A. Roy Knabenshue
introduced the
dirigible
to the skies of New York City, piloting the lighter-than-air vehicle within view of hundreds of hundreds of thousands of spectators. The airship lifted off from Central Park at 2:12 in the afternoon and, flying at an altitude of 5,000 feet (1,500 m) passed over East 23rd Street ten minutes later, traveling over 59th Street before turning around 11 minutes later, and landed at 2:44.
[6]
[7]
[8]
Born:
Constant Lambert
, British composer, co-founder and music director of the
Royal Ballet
; in
Fulham, London
(d. 1951 from pneumonia and diabetes)
August 24, 1905 (Thursday)
Frederick D. White
became the first Commissioner of the Northwest Territories in Canada, and would serve until his death in 1918.
Born:
Siaka Stevens
,
Prime Minister of Sierra Leone
1968–1971 and the African nation's
first President
(1971 to 1985); in
Moyamba
(d. 1985)
August 25, 1905 (Friday)
Theodore Roosevelt became the first U.S. President to travel underwater, after boarding the Navy submarine USS
Plunger
.
[8]
A flash flood killed 18 people in the mining towns of Tabasco and
Berwind, Colorado
.
[8]
Born:
Saint
Faustina Kowalska
, Polish Roman Catholic nun, canonized in 2000; in
Glogowiec
(d. 1938)
August 26, 1905 (Saturday)
Amundsen with the crew of the
Gjøa
Near
Point Barrow
at the U.S.
Territory of Alaska
, the crew of the Norwegian ship
Gjøa
, led by
Roald Amundsen
, made the breakthrough of finding the long-sought "
Northwest Passage
" from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
[9]
Amundsen would write later, "The North-West Passage had been accomplished-- my dream from childhood. This very moment it was fulfilled. I had a peculiar sensation in my throat; I was somewhat overworked and tired, and I suppose it was weakness on my part, but I could feel tears coming to my eyes."
[10]
August 27, 1905 (Sunday)
Influenced by educator
Sergei Trubetskoy
, Tsar Nicholas II issued a decree restoring autonomy to Russia's universities, restoring the autonomy that had been taken away from them in 1884. As part of the reform, students were allowed to hold meetings on university grounds for the first time in more than 20 years.
[11]
Han Kyu-seol
was appointed as the new Prime Minister of the Korean Empire, and the last before Korea would be turned into a protectorate of Japan. He would be fired on November 17, shortly after Korea and Japan signed the treaty of protection.
August 28, 1905 (Monday)
A timepiece created in Victoria Hong Kong on 28 August 1905 at 11am
The sinking of the American steamship
Peronic
killed 28 of the crew off the coast of Florida.
[8]
Born:
Sam Levene
, Russian-born American stage and film actor; as Scholem Lewin (d. 2000)
August 29, 1905 (Tuesday)
The largest steamship in the world was launched from the then-German port of Stettin (now Szeczin in Poland), with Kaiser Wilhelm II presiding.
[8]
Born:
Dhyan Chand
, Indian field hockey player who led the national team to three consecutive Olympic championships (1928, 1932 and 1936); in
Allahabad
,
United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
,
British India
(now Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India)(d. 1979)
Al Taliaferro
, American cartoonist who produced the
Donald Duck
newspaper comic strip; in
Montrose, Colorado
(d. 1969)
August 30, 1905 (Wednesday)
A solar eclipse took place, with greatest visibility in North Africa.
[8]
Baseball star
Ty Cobb
made his major league debut at the age of 18, appearing for the Detroit Tigers after being called up from the Augusta (Georgia) Tourists in the South Atlantic League.
[12]
August 31, 1905 (Thursday)
The imperial government of China issued an order restoring commercial relations with the U.S. and prohibiting Chinese citizens from further participation in the boycott of American goods that had started on December 22, 1904.
[13]
Born:
Isadore "Dore" Schary
, American playwright and screenwriter, later president of MGM Pictures; in
Newark, New Jersey
(d. 1980)
Died:
Francesco Tamagno
, 54, Italian operatic tenor, died of a heart attack.
References
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
The American Monthly Review of Reviews
(September 1905) pp. 283–286
^
"An Extraordinary Case of Recovery from Desert Thirst",
Mining Reporter
(September 27, 1906) p. 312
^
"Surveyors to Campers: 1854 to the Present", by Bill Broyles and Gayle Harrison Hartmann, in
Last Water on the Devil's Highway: A Cultural and Natural History of Tinajas Altas
, ed. by Bill Broyles, et al. (University of Arizona Press, 2014) p. 141
^
"Sequoyah Convention,"
by Richard Mize, in
Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
online, Oklahoma Historical Society
^
Ian Collard,
Ellerman Lines Remembering a Great British Company
(The History Press, 2014) p. 199
^
"What Airship Did Today in Its Long Flight",
New York Evening World
, August 23, 1905, p. 1
^
"Ship Sails in Airy Sea— All City Looks Upward— Traffic in Stagnation as Knabenshue Frisks in Clouds",
New York Tribune
, August 24, 1905, p. 1
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
The American Monthly Review of Reviews
(October 1905) pp. 410–413
^
Marilyn Landis,
Antarctica: Exploring the Extreme
(Chicago Review Press, 2001) p.149
^
Lloyd Spencer Davis,
A Polar Affair
(Pegasus Books, 2019)
^
Sergei Pushkarev,
Self-government and Freedom In Russia
(Taylor & Francis, 2019)
^
Walter Triebel,
Road-Tripping the South Atlantic League: A Guide to the Teams, Ballparks and Cities
(McFarland, 2015) p. 53
^
Hongshan Li,
U.S.- China Educational Exchange: State, Society, and Intercultural Relations, 1905–1950
(Rutgers University Press, 2007)
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