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The arrondissement of Belfort was created in 1800 as a part of the department Haut-Rhin.[5] This arrondissement was larger than the current one, and also included part that is now in the department Haut-Rhin, for instance the communes Cernay, Dannemarie, Masevaux, Saint-Amarin and Thann.[6] In 1871, when most of Haut-Rhin was ceded to Germany, the part remaining in France became the Territoire de Belfort.[7]
As a result of the reorganisation of the cantons of France which came into effect in 2015, the borders of the cantons are no longer related to the borders of the arrondissements. The cantons of the arrondissement of Belfort were, as of January 2015:[8]