Armour or armor in animals is a rigid cuticle or exoskeleton that provides exterior protection against attack by predators,[1] formed as part of the body (rather than the behavioural utilization of external objects for protection) usually through the thickening and hardening of superficial tissues, outgrowths or skin secretions. It is often found in prey species that are too slow or clumsy to outrun predators,[2] or those that would stand their ground and fight, thus needing to shield vital organs against claw, talon or bite injuries.
Armoured structures are usually composed of hardened mineral deposits, chitin, bone, or keratin.
Armour is evident in numerous animal species from both current and prehistoric times. Dinosaurs such as Ankylosaurus, as well as other Thyreophora (armoured dinosaurs such as Ankylosauria and Stegosauria), grew thick plate-like armour on their bodies as well as offensive armour appendages such as the thagomizer or a tail club. The armour took many forms, including osteoderms, spikes, horns, and plates. Other dinosaurs such as ceratopsian dinosaurs as well as some sauropods such as Saltasaurus, grew armour to defend themselves, although armour in sauropods overall is uncommon.
In modern times, some molluscs employ the use of shells as armour, and armour is evident in the chitinous exoskeleton of arthropods. Fish use armour in the form of scales, whether 'cosmoid', 'ganoid' or 'placoid' and in some cases spines, such as on fish such as the stickleback. The chalky plate, or cuttlebone, of cuttlefish also acts as armour. Most reptiles have scaly skin which protects them from predators in addition to water retention; the crocodile's scutes and the shells of the Chelonia: tortoises, turtles and terrapins.
Numerous mammals employ the use of spines and body armour, although not as sturdy as reptilian armour, like the spines of the echidnas and of porcupines and hedgehogs. The bony shell of the armadillos and the extinct Glyptodon were very much like Ankylosaurus' armour and some modern armadillos curl up into a ball when threatened, making them unexposed due to their armour. Similarly, the hairy plate-like scales of the pangolin are employed in the same way and are constructed of the same material used in the offensive armour, the horn, of the rhinoceros.
Armour, although all used for the sole intent to ward off attackers, can be split into defensive and offensive armour. Examples of offensive armour are horns, hooves, antlers, claws and beaks, clubs and pincers, as developed in some mammals, birds, reptiles (including dinosaurs, such as the dromaeosaurid claw and the ceratopsian horn) and arthropods. Offensive armour is often used in conjunction with defensive armour and in some cases makes an animal almost unassailable.
Conflitto musulmano nel Gansu (1927-1930)parte della guerra civile cineseData1927 - 1930 LuogoGansu, Qinghai, Ningxia EsitoVittoria del Guominjun Schieramenti Musulmani ribelliSupporto da: Cricca del Fengtian Guominjun Comandanti Ma TingxiangMa ZhongyingSupporto da: Zhang Zuolin Feng YuxiangMa LinMa Hongbin EffettiviMusulmani cinesiEsercito del Guominjun, incluse forze musulmane non ribelli Voci di guerre presenti su Wikipedia Manuale Il conflitto musulmano nel Gansu fu quando una coalizione di …
Джерело «Наталя» — колишня гідрологічна пам'ятка природи поблизу смт. Сатанів, біля ГЕС та профілакторію, в Хмельницькій області. Була оголошена рішенням Хмельницького Облвиконкому № 278 від 04.09.1982 року. Площа — 0,5 га. Опис Джерело слаболужної, слабомінералізованої…
Атур — термін, який має кілька значень. Ця сторінка значень містить посилання на статті про кожне з них.Якщо ви потрапили сюди за внутрішнім посиланням, будь ласка, поверніться та виправте його так, щоб воно вказувало безпосередньо на потрібну статтю.@ пошук посилань саме с…
Surgical implant to treat hydrocephalus Cerebral shuntA diagram of a typical brain shuntMeSHD002557[edit on Wikidata] A cerebral shunt is a device permanently implanted inside the head and body to drain excess fluid away from the brain. They are commonly used to treat hydrocephalus, the swelling of the brain due to excess buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If left unchecked, the excess CSF can lead to an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP), which can cause intracranial hematoma, cereb…
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American film director For the soccer (football) player, see Richard Martini (footballer). This article uses bare URLs, which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot. Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style. Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as reFill (documentation) and Citation bot (documentation). (September 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template m…
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Igreja matriz de SoalhãesApresentaçãoTipo igrejapatrimónio culturalEstatuto patrimonial Monumento Nacional (d) (1997)LocalizaçãoLocalização Soalhães PortugalCoordenadas 41° 09′ 38″ N, 8° 05′ 48″ Oeditar - editar código-fonte - editar Wikidata A Igreja de São Martinho de Soalhães é uma igreja situada em São Martinho de Soalhães, freguesia de Soalhães, no município de Marco de Canaveses, em Portugal.[1][2] Em 1997 foi classificada como monumento nacional, …
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An honour guard representing the Polish Armed Forces in front of the Ministry of National Defence. The ministries of Poland are the various departments performing functions implemented by the Polish government. Each ministry is headed by a governmental minister selected by the Prime Minister, who sits in the collective executive Council of Ministers. The current competences and regulations of the ministries were established under a series of central administrative reforms carried out by prime mi…
American mathematician Louis Norberg Howard (March 12, 1929 – June 28, 2015) was an American mathematician who was professor emeritus of mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He contributed to a broad range of subjects, including hydrodynamic stability and geophysical flows. He made a number of key advances in our understanding of turbulent convection, flows in Hele-Shaw cells, salt-finger zones, rotating flows, and reaction–diffusion equations.[1] References ^ Lo…
American sitcom For the 1993 film, see The Beverly Hillbillies (film). The Beverly HillbilliesCreated byPaul HenningStarring Buddy Ebsen Irene Ryan Donna Douglas Max Baer Jr. Raymond Bailey Nancy Kulp Bea Benaderet Harriet MacGibbon Opening themeThe Ballad of Jed Clampett played by Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs, sung by Jerry ScogginsCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of seasons9No. of episodes274 (list of episodes)ProductionExecutive producers Al Simon Martin Ransohoff Ca…
Dieser Artikel behandelt die Stadt Rorschach; für weitere Bedeutungen siehe Rorschach (Begriffsklärung). Rorschach Wappen von Rorschach Staat: Schweiz Schweiz Kanton: Kanton St. Gallen Kanton St. Gallen (SG) Wahlkreis: Rorschach BFS-Nr.: 3215i1f3f4 Postleitzahl: 9400 UN/LOCODE: CH RRC Koordinaten: 754900 / 26070047.4788149.493842400Koordinaten: 47° 28′ 44″ N, 9° 29′ 38″ O; CH1903: 754900 / 260700 Höhe: 400 …
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Februari 2023. Estêvão Binga (lahir 2 September 1966) adalah seorang rohaniwan Katolik Angola. Ia lahir di Twei, Keuskupan Agung Lubango. Ia masuk Seminari Menengah Cubal, Keuskupan Benguela, dan kemudian melanjutkan studi filsafat di Seminari Pastor Bom dan teologi …
1814 battle during the War of the Sixth Coalition Battle of Arcis-sur-AubePart of the Campaign of France of the Sixth CoalitionNapoleon at the bridge of Arcis-sur-Aube by Jean-Adolphe BeaucéDate20–21 March 1814LocationArcis-sur-Aube, France48°32′17″N 04°08′31″E / 48.53806°N 4.14194°E / 48.53806; 4.14194Result Coalition victory[1][2]Belligerents Austria Bavaria Russia Württemberg FranceCommanders and leaders Alexander I Karl von Schwarzenber…
FN SLP 类型半自動戰術霰彈槍原产地 比利時生产历史研发者國營埃斯塔勒(Fabrique Nationale de Herstal,FN)研发日期2008年生产商國營赫斯塔爾(Fabrique Nationale de Herstal,FN)单位成本 SLP標準型:US$1,000 SLP Mark I型:US$1,324 生产日期2008年—衍生型 SLP標準型[1] SLP Mark I型[2] SLP戰術型[3] SLP Mark I戰術型[4] SLP Mark I比賽型[5] 基本规格重量空槍: SLP標準型:3.…
Vườn Quốc gia Doi Inthanonอุทยานแห่งชาติดอยอินทนนท์IUCN loại II (Vườn quốc gia)Suối Wachirathan WaterfallVị trí tại Thái LanVị tríhuyện Chom Thong, tỉnh Chiang Mai, Thái LanTọa độ18°35′32″B 98°29′12″Đ / 18,59222°B 98,48667°Đ / 18.59222; 98.48667Diện tích482 km²Thành lập1972Cơ quan quản lýBộ Tài nguyên và Môi trườngTrang webDoi Inthanon NP Vư…
← Tet Yod Kaf → Fenisia Ibrani Aram Suryani Arab י ܝ ي,ي [note] Alfabetturunan Yunani Latin Kiril Ι I І Representasi fonemik: j, i, e Urutan dalam alfabet: 10 Nilai huruf/Gematria: 10 Yod (Yodh, juga dieja Yud, Jod, atau Jodh) adalah huruf ke-10 dalam banyak aksara Semit, termasuk abjad Fenisia, abjad Aram, abjad Ibrani Yud י, abjad Suryani ܝ dan abjad Arab Yāʾ ي (dalam urutan abjadi; huruf ke-28 dalam urutan abjad modern). Nilai suaranya adalah /j/ dalam semua bahasa yang meng…
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