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*And the Band Played On*
And the Band Played On
	Promotional poster
Genre	Drama
Based on	And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic; by Randy Shilts
Screenplay by	Arnold Schulman
Directed by	Roger Spottiswoode
Starring	Matthew Modine; Alan Alda; Ian McKellen; Lily Tomlin; Richard Gere;
Music by	Carter Burwell
Country of origin	United States
Original language	English
Production
Executive producers	Aaron Spelling; E. Duke Vincent;
Producers	Sarah Pillsbury; Midge Sanford;
Cinematography	Paul Elliott
Editor	Lois Freeman-Fox
Running time	141 minutes
Production companies	Spelling Entertainment; HBO Pictures;
Budget	$8 million
Original release
Network	HBO
Release	September 11, 1993

And the Band Played On is a 1993 American television film docudrama directed by Roger Spottiswoode. The teleplay by Arnold Schulman is based on the best-selling 1987 non-fiction book And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic by Randy Shilts, and is noteworthy for featuring both a vast historical scope, as well as an exceptionally sprawling cast.

The film premiered at the Montreal World Film Festival on September 2, 1993, before being broadcast on HBO on September 11, 1993. It later was released in the United Kingdom, Canada, Spain, Germany, Argentina, Austria, Italy, Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Denmark, New Zealand, and Australia. The HBO movie was later aired on NBC in 1994. NBC (as well as ABC) were some of the networks considered to make a miniseries based on the book in the late 1980s, but the networks turned it down because they could not find a way to structure it as a two-night, four-hour miniseries. In 1994, NBC finally aired the movie with a parental discretion warning due to its sensitive subject matter.

Plot

In a prologue set in 1976, American epidemiologist Don Francis from the World Health Organization arrives in a village on the banks of the Ebola River in Zaire and discovers many of the residents and the doctor working with them have died from a mysterious illness later identified as the Ebola hemorrhagic fever. It is his first exposure to such an epidemic, and the images of the dead he helps cremate will haunt him when he later becomes involved with HIV/AIDS research at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

In 1981, Francis becomes aware of a growing number of deaths among gay men in Los Angeles, New York City and San Francisco due to a rare lung condition, pneumocystis pneumonia, which only afflicts people with weakened immune systems. He moves to Atlanta, where CDC Administrator Dr. James Curran asks him to begin an in-depth investigation into this new immune disorder. Because of the Reagan Administration's clampdown on public spending, he is forced to work with little money, limited space, and outdated equipment. He clashes with numerous members of the medical community, many of whom resent his involvement because of their personal agendas.

Francis comes into contact with the gay community after he and his colleagues find strong evidence that the disease is spread through sex. Some gay men support him, such as San Francisco activist Bill Kraus, while others express anger at what they see as unwanted interference in their lives, especially in his attempts to close the local gay bathhouses. Kraus works to try to save the gay community from the virus, to the point that it costs his own relationship with boyfriend Kico Govantes.

Francis and other CDC staff are further astonished that representatives of the blood industry are unwilling to do anything to try to curb the epidemic because of potential financial losses. Additionally, while Francis pursues his theory that AIDS is caused by a sexually transmitted virus, he finds his efforts are stymied due to competition between French scientists from the Pasteur Institute and American scientists, particularly Robert Gallo of the National Institutes of Health, who becomes enraged when he finds out that Francis collaborated with the French scientists. These researchers squabble over who should receive credit for discovering the virus and for development of a blood test. Meanwhile, the death toll climbs rapidly.

One day in 1984, while exercising at a local gym, Kraus notices a spot on his ankle and worries that it might be Kaposi's sarcoma, an AIDS-defining illness. Kraus visits his doctor and is devastated upon learning that he has AIDS. Govantes returns to Kraus after finding out he is sick. After discovery of the AIDS virus is announced, Francis submits a plan for prevention and eventual cure despite Curran telling him that it will never be approved. The CDC rejects the proposal for being too expensive and transfers Francis to San Francisco.

In November 1985, Kraus and Govantes are walking in the San Francisco candlelight parade when Kraus suddenly starts coughing and becomes too weak to stand. He is taken to a local hospital where he experiences difficulty with his vision and is only able to speak gibberish much of the time. Francis arrives, and within a few minutes, the symptoms pass. Francis laments that they could have stopped the virus from spreading but fears it might be too late. Kraus remarks that he used to be afraid of dying but now is afraid for those who live. Kraus passes away in January 1986.

Francis stays at the CDC until 1992 when he leaves to work on the creation of an AIDS vaccine. The film ends with a playing of Elton John's "The Last Song" showing a photo and video montage of a number of famous people who are victims of HIV/AIDS.

Principal cast

Matthew Modine as Dr. Don Francis, an epidemiologist, HIV/AIDS researcher, and one of the first scientists to suggest that AIDS was caused by an infectious agent
Alan Alda as Dr. Robert Gallo, a biomedical researcher and one of the discoverers of HIV as the infectious agent responsible for AIDS
Ian McKellen as Bill Kraus, a gay rights and AIDS activist and congressional aide
Glenne Headly as Dr. Mary Guinan, an investigator of the HIV/AIDS epidemic for the CDC
Richard Masur as Dr. William Darrow, a sociologist and investigator for the CDC, one of the discoverers of HIV as the virus that causes AIDS
Saul Rubinek as Dr. James Curran, an investigator of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and administrator for the CDC
Lily Tomlin as Dr. Selma Dritz, a physician and epidemiologist
Jeffrey Nordling as Gaëtan Dugas, a Canadian flight attendant and early AIDS patient who was Patient o, meaning out of California. This was commonly misread as patient 0 in Bill Darrow's transmissibility study
Charles Martin Smith as Dr. Harold Jaffe, an investigator of the HIV/AIDS epidemic for the CDC
Donal Logue as Bobbi Campbell, an AIDS activist
BD Wong as Kico Govantes, a San Francisco artist and Bill Kraus' lover
Patrick Bauchau as Dr. Luc Montagnier, a French virologist and one of the discoverers of HIV
Nathalie Baye as Dr. Françoise Barre
Phil Collins as Eddie Papasano, a San Francisco bathhouse owner^[1]
Richard Gere as The Choreographer, a preeminent San Francisco theatrical dancer and director who learns he has AIDS
Steve Martin as The Brother, a reticent sibling of a recently deceased gay man who was an AIDS patient
David Marshall Grant as Dennis Seeley
Ronald Guttman as Dr. Jean-Claude Chermann, a French virologist and manager of the research team that discovered HIV
Anjelica Huston as Dr. Betsy Reisz
Richard Jenkins as Dr. Marcus Conant, a dermatologist and one of the first physicians to diagnose and treat AIDS
Ken Jenkins as Dr. Dennis Donohue, an HIV researcher
Tchéky Karyo as Dr. Willy Rozenbaum, a French physician and one of the discoverers of HIV
Dakin Matthews as Congressman Phillip Burton, a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from San Francisco campaigning for gay rights
Peter McRobbie as Dr. Max Essex, one of the first to suspect that a retrovirus was the cause of AIDS and to determine that HIV could be transmitted through blood
Christian Clemenson as Dr. Dale Lawrence, a member of the CDC's Task Force on Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections
Neal Ben-Ari as Dr. Tom Spira, a research scientist at the CDC
David Dukes as Dr. Mervyn Silverman, San Francisco Director of Health
Richard Fancy as Dr. Michael Gottlieb
David Clennon as Mr. Johnstone
Swoosie Kurtz as Mrs. Johnstone
Lawrence Monoson as Chip
Bud Cort as Antique Shop Owner
Stephen Spinella as Brandy Alexander
Lenny Wolpe as Dr. Joseph R. Bove, Director of the Yale-New Haven Hospital Blood Bank
Rosemary Murphy as Blood Bank Executive
Clyde Kusatsu as Blood Bank Executive
Thomas Kopache as Blood Bank Executive
Walter Addison as Blood Bank Executive
René Le Vant as Blood Bank Executive
Laura Innes as Hemophiliac Representative
Jill Andre as Red Cross Spokesperson
Daniel Henning as Blaine, a "buddy" to an AIDS patient played by Jon Matthews
Laura James as U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services Margaret Heckler
John Durbin as 6th Man
Angela Paton as Woman in Denver
Alan Barry as Hemophiliac Patient
Erasor Kemie as Sudanese Student
Ike Ikediashi as Sudanese Boy
Niki Gilbert as Sudanese Girl

Closing montage

The film closes with footage of a candlelight vigil and march in San Francisco, followed by a montage of images of numerous celebrities who have died of AIDS or were involved with HIV/AIDS education and research, accompanied by Elton John singing his "The Last Song." The montage includes:

Critical reception

Most reviewers agreed that the filmmakers had a daunting task in adapting Shilts's massive, fact-filled text into a dramatically coherent film. Many critics praised the results. Film review website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a 100% "Fresh" rating based on eight reviews.^[2]

Tony Scott of Variety stated that "if there are lapses, director Spottiswoode's engrossing, powerful work still accomplishes its mission: Shilts's book, with all its shock, sorrow and anger, has been transferred decisively to the screen."^[3]

John O'Connor of The New York Times agreed that the adaptation "adds up to tough and uncommonly courageous television. Excessive tinkering has left the pacing of the film sluggish in spots, but the story is never less than compelling."^[4]

Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly graded the film B+ and called it an "intriguing, sometimes awkward, always earnest combination of docudrama, medical melodrama, and mystery story. The stars lend warmth to a movie necessarily preoccupied with cold research and politics, and they lend prestige: The movie must be important, since actors of this stature agreed to appear. The result of the stars' generosity, however, works against the movie by halting the flow of the drama every time a familiar face pops up on screen. The emotions and agony involved in this subject give Band an irresistible power, yet the movie's rhythm is choppy and the dialogue frequently stiff and clichéd. The best compliment one can pay this TV movie is to say that unlike so many fact-based films, it does not exploit or diminish the tragedy of its subject."^[5]

In a review from Time Out New York, the writing team thought "so keen were the makers of this adaptation of Randy Shilts's best-seller to bombard us with the facts and figures of the history of AIDS that they forgot to offer a properly dramatic human framework to make us care fully about the characters." The review also says that the multiple issues the film attempts to cover "make for a disjointed, clichéd narrative."^[6]

Richard Zoglin of Time magazine wrote "Shilts's prodigiously researched 600-page book has been boiled down to a fact-filled, dramatically coherent, occasionally moving 2 hours and 20 minutes. At a time when most made-for-TV movies have gone tabloid crazy, here is a rare one that tackles a big subject, raises the right issues, fights the good fight."^[7]

The team from Channel 4 believed the film "is stifled by good intentions and a distractingly generous cast of stars in leads and cameos."^{[citation needed]}

Accolades

Year	Award	Category	Nominee(s)	Result	Ref.
1993	Montreal World Film Festival	Special Grand Prize of the Jury	Roger Spottiswoode	Won	^[8]
1994	American Cinema Editors Awards	Best Edited Motion Picture for Non-Commercial Television	Lois Freeman-Fox	Won	^[9]
	Artios Awards	Best Casting for TV Movie of the Week	Judith Holstra and Nikki Valko	Won	^[10]
	Directors Guild of America Awards	Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Dramatic Specials	Roger Spottiswoode	Nominated	^[11]
	GLAAD Media Awards	Outstanding TV Movie		Won	^[12]
	Golden Globe Awards	Best Miniseries or Television Film		Nominated	^[13]
	Golden Globe Awards	Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film	Matthew Modine	Nominated	^[13]
	Primetime Emmy Awards	Outstanding Made for Television Movie	Sarah Pillsbury, Midge Sanford, Aaron Spelling, and E. Duke Vincent	Won	^[14]
		Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Special	Matthew Modine	Nominated
		Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Special	Alan Alda	Nominated
			Richard Gere	Nominated
			Ian McKellen	Nominated
		Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Special	Swoosie Kurtz	Nominated
		Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Special	Lily Tomlin	Nominated
		Outstanding Individual Achievement in Directing for a Miniseries or a Special	Roger Spottiswoode	Nominated
		Outstanding Individual Achievement in Writing in a Miniseries or a Special	Arnold Schulman	Nominated
		Outstanding Individual Achievement in Art Direction for a Miniseries or a Special	Lee Mayman, Victoria Paul, and Diana Allen Williams	Nominated
		Outstanding Individual Achievement in Casting	Judith Holstra and Nikki Valko	Won
		Outstanding Individual Achievement in Editing for a Miniseries or a Special – Single Camera Production	Lois Freeman-Fox	Won
		Outstanding Individual Achievement in Hairstyling for a Miniseries or a Special	Martin Christopher and Arturo Rojas	Nominated
		Outstanding Individual Achievement in Makeup for a Miniseries or a Special	Allan A. Apone and Michael Spatola	Nominated
1995	American Society of Cinematographers Awards	Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Movie of the Week or Pilot	Paul Elliott	Nominated	^[15]
	CableACE Awards	Movie or Miniseries		Nominated	^[16]
		Supporting Actor in a Movie or Miniseries	Richard Gere	Nominated
			Ian McKellen	Won
			Lawrence Monoson	Nominated
		Supporting Actress in a Movie or Miniseries	Swoosie Kurtz	Nominated
		Supporting Actress in a Movie or Miniseries	Lily Tomlin	Nominated
		Directing a Movie or Miniseries	Roger Spottiswoode	Nominated
		Writing a Movie or Miniseries	Arnold Schulman	Won
		Editing a Dramatic Special or Series/Theatrical Special/Movie or Miniseries	Lois Freeman-Fox	Nominated
		Make-Up	Allan A. Apone and Michael Spatola	Nominated
	Humanitas Prize	PBS/Cable Television	Arnold Schulman	Won	^[17]
2007	Online Film & Television Association Awards	Hall of Fame – Television Programs		Inducted	^[18]