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Alija Šuljak
Alija Šuljak
	Alija Šuljak, 1940s
Born	10 October 1901; Zasad near Trebinje, Bosnia Vilayet, Ottoman Empire; (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Died	18 October 1992 (aged 91); Istanbul, Turkey
Allegiance	Independent State of Croatia
Service / branch	Ustaše militia
Years of service	1941—5
Rank	Adjutant (Croatian: poglavni pobočnik)

Alija Šuljak (1901–1992) was a prominent Bosnian Muslim Croat who was a professor, politician and military officer of Ustaše during World War II, best known as one of the main perpetrators of the genocide of Serbs in Eastern Herzegovina.

Early life

Šuljak was born in village Zasad near Trebinje in 1901. He graduated at primary school in Trebinje and commercial secondary school in Sarajevo. He then attended high commercial school in Zagreb and Vienna.^[1]

Šuljak belonged to a group of notable Muslims who declared their ethnicity as Croatian and struggled for the Independent State of Croatia.^[2] The majority of Bosnian Muslims held this group in low regard by 1943.^[3] The main organizer of support of the Ustaše ideology in the region of Gacko was Alija Šuljak, a professor from Trebinje.^[4] Šuljak propagated Ustaše ideology in Gacko even before World War II, promoting fascism and disseminating religious and ethnic hatred toward Serbs.^[5]

Before World War II, Šuljak lived in Dubrovnik,^[6] as Ustaše commissioner for Dubrava County and professor at Commercial Academy.^[7]^[8] He was a member of Pobočnički zbor of the Main Ustaša Headquarters.^[9]

World War II

When Axis forces occupied Yugoslavia in April 1941 and Ustaše proclaimed establishment of the Independent State of Croatia, Šuljak visited Ustaše leader Ante Pavelić during the first reception he organized on 24 April 1941 and on behalf of Muslims from Bosnia and Herzegovina held a greeting speech.^[10]

Pavelić appointed Šuljak as Ustaše commissioner for the region of Eastern Herzegovina.^[11] and went to Gacko.^[12]^[13] Šuljak belonged to a group of Ustaše officials who incited the Muslims against the Serbs.^[14] Together with Andrija Artuković, Pavao Canki and Mijo Babić, Šuljak carried on the genocide of Serbs.^[15]

Šuljak dispatched first units of "Ustaše-Hunters" to Trebinje, his birthplace, and massacred the first victims of the Ustaše genocide in Herzegovina.^[16]

He had an important role in the genocidal organization of Ustaše, holding the rank of "poglavni pobočnik".^[17] Šuljak became notorious for organizing aggressive Ustaša propaganda.^[18] After Treaties of Rome were signed, Šuljak came to Trebinje and hosted a conference of Croats and Muslims, where he tells them decision of Main Ustaša Headquarters and openly called for killing of Serbs and theft of their property. For that purpose, Ustaše camp was opened in Trebinje.^[19] On 27 May 1941 Šuljak and Togonal held a speech in a hotel in Gacko emphasizing that all Serbs were to be exterminated, and those who could not be exterminated were to be expelled to Serbia.^[20]

At the end of the autumn of 1941, Šuljak went to the region of Borač and organized Ustaše units there who torched the Serb populated villages of Bodenište and Vratlo.^[21] Šuljak participated in the Holocaust in Croatia when he participated in the organization of Ustaše transport to Kerestinec camp of Jews on Krešimir Square in Zagreb in October 1941.^[22]

Šuljak belonged to a group of Muslims who supported the establishment of the 13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian).^[23]

Ante Pavelić awarded Šuljak with Order of Merit of first degree for his work in Ustaše movement, especially involvement in crimes in Herzegovina. He was also awarded Order of the German Eagle of the third degree.^[24]

Emigration

After the World War II Šuljak fled Yugoslavia. He lived in Rome and Cairo before he finally settled in Istanbul.

Šuljak's son is Turkish businessman Nedim Šuljak, who was subjected to a police investigation in relation to international arms smuggling during and after the War in Bosnia.^[25]^[26]

Bibliography

Suliak, Ali /Alija Suljak./ Initiation a la Cooperation Rurale. Tunis: "Proeres Social," 1961. Suljak, Alija.

References

^ (Bulajić 1988, p. 419)
^ (Lepre 1997, p. 27):"Dr. Alija Suljak stood among a group of prominent Muslims who "supported the Croatian state and felt themselves to be Croatian nationals. "
^ (Lepre 1997, p. 27):"By 1943 this group was held in fairly low regard by the majority of Bosnias Muslims"
^ Istorija Radnickog Pokreta. 1965. p. 91. Organizator i rukovodilac ustaške organizacije u gatačkom kraju bio je profesor Alija Šuljak"...
^ (Bjelica 1984, p. 78)
^ pokreta, Institut za međunarodni radnički pokret (Belgrade, Serbia) Odeljenje za istoriju jugoslovenskog radničkog (1965). Istorija radničkog pokreta. p. 91. Alija Šuljak pre rata živeo u Dubrovniku{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ (Papić 1985, p. 71):"Ustaški pobočnici Alija Šuljak, koji je bio i ustaški povjerenik za župu Dubrava u Dubrovniku,..."
^ Ratna sećanja iz NOB, 1941-1942: zbornik sećanja. Vojnoizdavački zavod. 1981. p. 809.
^ (Ademović 2000, p. 264)
^ Prilozi. s.n. 1966. p. 210. Šuljak je 24. aprila bio u posjeti kod Ante Pavelića gdje je ispred bosansko-hercegovačkih Muslimana održao pozdravni govor,...
^ (Jelić-Butić 1977, p. 100):"Alija Suljak za područje istočne Hercegovine.“
^ Ratna sećanja iz NOB, 1941-1942: zbornik sećanja. Vojnoizdavački zavod. 1981. p. 291.
^ Skoko 1991, p. 15.
^ Etudes balkaniques. Edition de líAcadémie bulgare des sciences. 2008. p. 113. The same happened during the Second World War - the Ustasa authorities incited the Muslims against the Serbs and thus a Croatian- ... 121 Such were Ademaga Mcsic, Hakija Hadic, Alija Suljak, Hilmija Beslagic, Mehmed Menic, et.al.
^ (Petranović 1988, p. 536):"Genocid nad Srbima sprovodili su Andrija Artuković, Pavao Canki, Alija Šuljak, Mijo Babić (do pogibije u Hercegovini), Ivan Herenčić i drugi. Na području Nevesinja nosilac zločina je Nikola. Mlađenović."
^ (Bulajić 1988, p. 419):"Alija Šuljak je uputio prve „ustaše-lovce" u Trebinje, svoje rodno mjesto, gdje su pale prve žrtve ustaškog zločina genocida u Hercegovini."
^ Bulajić 1988, p. 419 "Alija Šuljak je imao važno mjesto u ustaškoj genocidnoj organizaciji, bio je „poglavni pobočnik". Rođen u selu Zasadu kod Trebinja 1901, gdje .."
^ Motadel, David (30 November 2014). Islam and Nazi Germany's War. Harvard University Press. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-674-74495-0. Pavelić's representative and liaison officer, Alija Šuljak, a Muslim who was notorious forhis aggressive Ustaša propaganda
^ Skoko 1991, p. 29.
^ Ratna sećanja iz NOB, 1941-1942: zbornik sećanja. Vojnoizdavački zavod. 1981. p. 297. Prenio je i sadržinu govora Alije Šuljka i Kreša Togonala, koje su održali 27. maja u hotelu ... Šuljak i Togonal su tada rekli da treba istrijebiti sve Srbe („Što se ne može, treba protjerati za Srbiju"), da će ustaše u svojoj NDH, zajedno sa ...
^ Plećaš, Neđeljko; Dimitrijević, Bojan (2004). Ratne godine. Institut za savremenu istoriju (Институт за савремену историју). p. 234. ISBN 9788674030912. Али, у јесен 1941. године, у овај крај је стигао усташа Алија Шуљак, професор. Он је отпочео да организује усташку војницу у Борачу, која је крајем године попалила српска села Бодениште и Вратло.
^ (Bulajić 1988, p. 252)
^ (Čolaković 1956, p. 727)
^ Skoko 1991, p. 311.
^ Cornell, Svante; Jonsson, Michael (11 February 2014). Conflict, Crime, and the State in Postcommunist Eurasia. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-8122-4565-3. Police are also investigating former Bosnian deputy defense minister Hasan Čengić and Turkish businessman Nedim Suljak.
^ Globus. Globus International d.d. September 2005. p. 24.