Ademaga Mešić

Ademaga Mešić
Ademaga Mešić while listening to Ante Pavelić
Born(1868-03-25)25 March 1868[1]
Died1 July 1945(1945-07-01) (aged 77)
Other namesAdem Agha Mešić
Occupation(s)merchant, landowner, politician and military officer

Ademaga Mešić or Adem Aga Mešić[2] (25 March 1868 – 1 July 1945)[3] was a Bosnian politician and military officer who served in the Austro-Hungarian Schutzkorps, and later a member of the Ustaše government of the Independent State of Croatia for Bosnian region during World War II.

Ottoman Bosnia

Mešić was married without children, and considered himself a Muslim Croat.[1][4][5] He was the publisher of Behar, a Bosnian Muslim political journal published in the period 1900–11.[6]

Austrian annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Mešić belonged to a Croatian-Muslim bloc installed in 1908 by the government of Austria-Hungary to support its annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[7] As a Germanophile, he was a leader of the Muslim supporters of the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina who renounced any kind of autonomy, including one based on religion.[8] In 1908, he established the Muslim Progressive Party, which had a pro-Croat orientation.[9] He wrote and published a work titled "Moj odgovor bezimenim klevetnicima".

First World War

At the beginning of World War I he was military commander in the Schutzkorps, an auxiliary volunteer militia established in Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Austro-Hungarian authorities.[10][11] The unit he organized and commanded was also known as "Ademaga's Army" (Croatian: Ademagina vojska).[12] After the war Mešić was a poultry trader in Tešanj.[13]

Second World War

During World War II, he belonged to a narrow circle of Muslims who were supporters of the Independent State of Croatia and was vice-president of its government (Croatian: Doglavnik) with his seat in Banja Luka.[14] At the end of the war he was part of the Independent State of Croatia evacuation to Austria, only to be imprisoned by British forces, who extradited him to the new Yugoslav communist government.[15]

Trial and death

After the war he was tried. In his closing statement he said that he was only a loyal citizen of the Ottoman sultan, Austrian emperor and Yugoslav king Karađorđević in turn, emphasizing his willingness to continue his loyal service, now to the new communist government.[16] Mešić was sentenced to life in prison, where he died in 1945.[17]

References

  1. ^ a b Geiger, Vladimir (2008). Partizanska i komunistička represija i zločini u Hrvatskoj 1944-1946: Dokumenti : Zagreb i središnja Hrvatska. Hrvatski institut za povijest - Podružnica za povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje. p. 418. ISBN 978-953-6659-36-4. MEŠIĆ ADEMAGA. rodj. 25.XII.1869. g. u Tešnju, Hrvat, musliman, oženjen, bez djece, dobrog imovnog stanja, navodno neosudjivan
  2. ^ Oriente moderno. Istituto per l'oriente. 1942. p. 42. Retrieved 12 December 2013. ...doglavnik Ademaga (Adem Agha) Mesic...
  3. ^ Sančević, Zdravko (1 January 1998). Pogled U Bosnu: Zapisi Veleposlanika. Naprijed. p. 371. ISBN 978-953-178-092-6. Retrieved 12 December 2013. Ademaga Mešić (1868.-1945.)
  4. ^ Kisić Kolanović, Nada. Ademaga Mešić i hrvatska nacionalna ideja 1895.–1918. godine // ČSP, Vol. 40, No. 3 (December 2008), pp. 1124:

    Budući da je nacija podijeljena na vjerske i regionalne skupine, Mešić ponavlja da je nužno razdvojiti pojam vjere od pojma nacije, te tvrdi: “Mi nismo Turci, nego smo po vjeri Muslimani a po naciji i našem lijepom hrvatskom jeziku Hrvati.”

  5. ^ Kisić Kolanović, Nada. Ademaga Mešić i hrvatska nacionalna ideja 1895.–1918. godine // ČSP, Vol. 40, No. 3 (December 2008), pp. 1128-1229:

    On vrlo jasno razdvaja pojam vjere od pojma nacije. Stoga uvjerava sunarodnjake da su “zavedeni da im je neispravno mišljenje u pogledu vjerskog nazora a naročito naziva našeg jezika kojim mi govorimo, da naš jezik nije bosanski i da bosanskog jezika nema nego da je naša pokrajina Bosna i Hercegovina obilježena tim nazivom i da je naš jezik hrvatski i da mi nismo Turci negoli da smo muslimanske vjere a hrvatske narodnosti”. U Hrvatskoj, dakle, “žive tri vjere ali jedna narodnost - hrvatska”. Prema Mešiću muslimani su po narodnosti “Hrvati muslimanske vjere, kao što Grci žive u Turskoj i nazivaju se Turci a vjere pravoslavne”. Očito je da je Mešić svoju bitku za jezik vodio na dva fronta: protiv srpstva i protiv bošnjaštva. On tvrdi da su Srbi “odvraćali muslimane od nacionaliziranja u duhu hrvatskom”, ali muslimani “nisu htjeli ni da čuju da oni govore srpski”. Srbi su također, nastavlja Mešić, “pomagali” Benjaminu Kállayu, zajedničkome ministru financija i upravitelju BiH u stvaranju bošnjaštva koje uključuje sliku da muslimani “nisu Hrvati i da naš jezik nije hrvatski nego da smo Bošnjaci a jezik bošnjački”. Stoga je Mešić glavnim kriterijem uspjeha svog “pokreta” za buđenje muslimana smatrao stvaranje “pravog osjećaja za svojim materinskim hrvatskim jezikom”. Dakle, jezik muslimana nije “bosanski” i “bosanskog jezika nema”, nego je “naša pokrajina Bosna i Hercegovina obilježena tim nazivom”, a naš je jezik “hrvatski”. (...) Prema Mešiću, muslimani su dokazali da su “nacionalni” upravo očuvanjem svoga jezika tijekom osmanskog razdoblja: “Osmanlije su nas silili da se turciziramo, da se odrodimo od svoje narodnosti, da od nas Hrvata naprave Turke (...) Mi smo sačuvali naš hrvatski jezik u našoj užoj domovini.”

  6. ^ Pregled. Nova tiskara Vrček i dr. 1933. p. 297. Retrieved 12 December 2013. Власник му је био Адемага Мешић.
  7. ^ Đaković, Luka (1985). Političke organizacije bosanskohercegovačkih katolika Hrvata. Globus. p. 240. ISBN 9788634300093. Retrieved 12 December 2013. Dvije značajne ličnosti u tom pogledu bili su dr Nikola Mandić i Ademaga Mešić.
  8. ^ Gaković, Petar N. (1939). Bosna vilajet. Brača Jakšić. p. 22. Retrieved 12 December 2013. Било је међу муслиманима, нешто школованих ефендија, који су били и против борбе за вјерску аутономију, (од тих су... Адемага Мешић који је био вођа)
  9. ^ Allworth, Edward (1994). Muslim Communities. Duke University Press. p. 126. ISBN 9780822314479. Retrieved 12 December 2013. In 1908, Ademaga Mesic set up the Muslim Progressive Party which had a Croatian orientation,
  10. ^ skupština, Yugoslavia. Narodna (1936). Stenografske beleške Narodne skupštine Kraljevine Jugoslavije. p. 234. Retrieved 12 December 2013. Неки од њих су извршили огроман ороЈ насиља и по томе је нознат на злу гласу чувени Адемага Мешић из Тешња, који је одмах у по- четку рата организовао" читав пук шуцкора и кре- нуо с њим на Србију.
  11. ^ Ribar, Ivan (1951). Politički zapisi. Prosveta. p. 104. Retrieved 12 December 2013. ... Adem-aga Mešić, poznat još iz Prvog svjetskog rata kao organizator takozvanog »šuckora«,...
  12. ^ Sančević, Mirko (1982). Od Bosanskih šuma do Venezuele: dogadjaji i ljudi u mojim sjećanjima. Knjižnica Hrvatske revije. p. 131. ISBN 978-84-499-8433-4. Retrieved 14 December 2013. Kako aktivni konjanički časnik Dvojne monarhije Mundorfer je bio dodijeljen kao časnik za vezu s dobrovoljačkom Ade- maginom jedinicom, zvanom Ademagina vojska, koju je Ade- maga sastavio od tešanjskih muslimana, o svom je trošku...
  13. ^ Savić, Milivoj M. (1930). Naša industrija, zanati, trgovina i poljoprivreda: njine osnovice, stanje, odnosi, važnost, putevi, prošlost i budućnost. Izd. Ministarstva trgovine i industrije. p. 334. Retrieved 12 December 2013. Извозници су г. г. за живине Адемага Мешић из Тешња,
  14. ^ Dedijer, Vladimir; Miletić, Antun (1990). Genocid and Muslimanima, 1941-1945. Svjetlost. p. 53. ISBN 9788601015258. Retrieved 12 December 2013. U uskom krugu Muslimana izrazito privrženih ustaškoj državi, pored Hakije Hadžića, nalazili su se Ademaga Mešić i Osman Kuleno- vić. Prvi je bio Pavelićev doglavnik, a drugi potpredsjednik vlade NDH sa sjedištem u Banjaluci.
  15. ^ Danas. Vjesnik. 1986. p. 74. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
  16. ^ Danas. Vjesnik. 1986. p. 75. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
  17. ^ Karihman, Ferid (1996). Hrvatsko-bošnjačke teme. Hrvatska Sveučilišna Naklada. p. 209. ISBN 978-953-169-063-8. Retrieved 12 December 2013. Ademaga Mešić (1868-1945.) ... na doživotnu robiju i u tamnici 1945. preminuo, ali je bio jedan od rijetkih visokih dužnosnika NDH, koji nije bio osuđen na smrt, zahvaljujući energičnim intervencijama onih, koje je zaštitio ili im život spasio.

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