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Achuar dialect

Achuar
Achual
Native toEcuador, Peru
EthnicityAchuar
Native speakers
20,000 (2011)
Official status
Recognised minority
language in
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
Glottologachu1249
Achuar is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.

The Achuar dialect, known as Achuar Chicham[1] and Achual, is an indigenous language and dialect of Shiwiar spoken by the Achuar community. This ethnic group resides in the regions of the Pastaza, Bobonaza, Morona, Macusari, Tigre, Huasaga, and Corrientes rivers, located in Peru and Ecuador.[2][3][4]

Approximately 50% of Achuar language speakers are literate. Only 1% of those who speak Achuar as a second language are literate, as the majority prefer to use Spanish.

Phonology

Consonant phonemes[5]
Bilabial Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Stop p t k ʔ
Affricate ts tʃ
Fricative s ʃ x
Approximant j w
Tap ɾ
Vowel phonemes[5]
Front Central Back
Close i ĩ iː u ũ uː
Close-mid ɘ ɘ̃ ɘː[6]
Open a ã aː

Orthography

In the Achuar language, there are four vowels: a, e, i, u. The alphabet consists of 21 letters: a, aa, ch, e, ee, i, ii, j, k, m, n, p, r, s, sh, t, ts, u, uu, w, y.

Sample text

Aints ainauti mash metek nuwanmaya akiniauwitji. Turasha ankan penker pujusmi tusar akiniauwitji. Aintstikia mash ii nintijai paan nintimratnuitji, turasha penker aa nu nekaatnuitji. Aints pasé aa nusha nekaatnuitji. Turasha ii pataichiri ainaujai penker nintimtunisar pujuiniana nunisrik chikich aintsjaisha penker nintimtunisar pujustinuitji.

Translation: "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood." (First article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Bibliography

  • Fast Mowitz, G. (1975), Sistema fonológico del idioma achual (in Spanish), Lima: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano
  • Lev, Michael; Stark, Tammy; Chang, Will (2012). "Phonological inventory of Achuar-Shiwiar". The South American Phonological Inventory Database (version 1.1.3 ed.). Berkeley: University of California: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Digital Resource.

References

  1. ^ "ACNUDH | Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos - Achuar Chicham". OHCHR (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-07-10.
  2. ^ "Los Achuar". fenap.com.pe (in Spanish). 2019-07-22. Archived from the original on 2021-07-27. Retrieved 2023-07-10.
  3. ^ Puma, Christian. "Achuar Chicham". Congreso Internacional Desafíos en la Diversidad (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-07-10.
  4. ^ "Lenguas – Oralidad Modernidad". oralidadmodernidad.org. Retrieved 2023-07-10.
  5. ^ a b Fast Mowitz (1975), p. 10.
  6. ^ Lev, Stark & Chang (2012), citing the same source, give these instead as [ɨ], [ɨ̃] and [ɨː].
  7. ^ a b c Fast Mowitz (1975), p. 2.

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