The regiment was established on 31 October 1918, based on the reserve battalion of the Austro-Hungarian 32nd Landwehr Infantry Regiment in Bochnia, under the command of Major Jerzy Dobrodzicki [pl], later promoted to general. It was subsequently redesignated as the 2nd Podhale Rifles Regiment. It was the only regiment of the later Corps District X formed on Polish soil.[1] On 9 December 1918, the 1st Battalion was formed, stationed in Sanok.[2] The 2nd Battalion was established in mid-December in Bochnia, and the 3rd Battalion in spring 1919 in Nowy Targ. On 13 December 1918, the 1st Battalion, led by Lieutenant Karol Matzenauer [pl], saw its first combat near the village of Krościenko on the Strwiąż river, participating in battles near Zagórz and Chyrów, and later within the Bug Group in the areas of Rawa Ruska, Tarnopol, and Gajów Dytkowiecki.[1] The 2nd Battalion, after defending the south-western border in Spiš, joined the Ukrainian front in mid-January 1919, fighting alongside the 1st Battalion in the Bug Group under General Henryk Minkiewicz.[1][3] The 3rd Battalion was deployed to the Czech border. In July 1919, the regiment was sent to Pokuttia to guard the Romanian border.[1] In spring 1920, the regiment united all its battalions and joined the 1st Mountain Brigade. In December 1919, the regiment's reserve battalion was stationed in Nowy Targ.[3]
In March 1920, the regiment moved to the Bolshevik front at Dubno, later to Sławeczno, where the 3rd Battalion, previously guarding the Czech border, rejoined. The regiment participated in the Kyiv offensive, distinguishing itself in battles at Czapowice and Malin.[1] During the retreat, it defended Brest on the Bug river. On 8 May 1920, as part of the 1st Mountain Brigade, the regiment entered Kyiv, securing its northern suburbs. In June 1920, during the Polish retreat, it defended the Dnieper river crossing until 12 June, engaging in skirmishes with Bolshevik forces. The regiment then served as the rearguard for the 3rd Army, earning distinction in the defense of Brest. Its soldiers participated in the Polish counteroffensive starting 16 August, capturing Kock, Łuków, Siedlce, Sokołów, Białystok, and Gródek.[1][4] After a few days, it fought along the Sidra river. The regiment concluded its combat operations with a three-day battle at Kuźnica on 23 September 1920. On 4 October, it participated in capturing Grodno.[1]
Recipients of the Virtuti Militari
Virtuti Militari recipients from the 2nd Podhale Rifles Regiment at a 2022 exhibition
Former barracks at 21 and 23 Adam Mickiewicz StreetFormer barracks at John III Sobieski StreetFormer barracks in OlchowcePolish Soldier's Home in Sanok
On 6 December 1920, the regiment arrived in Sanok, with an official reception held on 12 December.[2] During the ceremony, local high school professor Urban Przyprawa [pl] and Lieutenant Colonel Edward Kańczucki [pl] delivered speeches.[16] From the outset, efforts were made to integrate the military community with the city's residents.[17] In 1922, the regiment had 87 officers: 3 colonels, 16 majors, 20 captains, 34 lieutenants, and 12 second lieutenants. By 1924, there were 58 regular and 14 supernumerary officers, and in 1928, 40 regular officers (2 colonels, 3 majors, 17 captains, 16 lieutenants, 2 second lieutenants) and 11 supernumerary. In 1932, there were 48 regular officers (1 colonel, 1 lieutenant colonel, 5 majors, 17 captains, 16 lieutenants, 8 second lieutenants).[18]
In the early 1920s, the regiment's deployment was split: the headquarters, 1st and 2nd Battalions, and the reserve battalion cadre were stationed in Sanok, while the 3rd Battalion was in Dębica.[19] Later, the entire regiment was consolidated in Sanok. The headquarters operated from the former barracks at 21 Adam Mickiewicz Street, with battalions stationed separately:[20]
2nd Battalion at the barracks at Adam Mickiewicz Street,[21]
3rd Battalion and infantry artillery platoon at the barracks in Olchowce district.
The regiment actively participated in city life, contributing to the construction of the Polish Soldier's Home [pl], a cultural hub for both the regiment and residents.[22][23]
Based on the 1930 Ministry of Military Affairs order introducing peacetime infantry organization (PS 10-50), the regiment was classified as a Type I infantry regiment ("normal"). It received approximately 610 recruits annually, with a strength of 56 officers and 1,500 non-commissioned officers and privates.[24] In winter, it comprised an older-year battalion, a training battalion, and a skeleton battalion; in summer, an older-year battalion and two conscript battalions. After the new organization, the regiment trained recruits for the Border Protection Corps.[24]
The regiment maintained an officers' choir, conducted by Captain Marian Warmuzek [pl].[23][25] The regimental band, led in the 1920s by Lieutenant Maksymilian Firek [pl], won first place in a national military bands competition.[26][27] Later, Captain Kazimierz Wojakowski [pl] led the band to second place in a competition held by the 10th Corps District Command [pl] in Przemyśl in October 1928.[28] In the 1930s, Lieutenant Stanisław Węgrzynowski was the bandmaster.[29][30] The band performed at Adam Mickiewicz Park and regularly for spa guests in Iwonicz-Zdrój.[31] During the Mountain Rally in Sanok from 14 to 17 August 1936, a competition and festival of Podhale Rifles regiments' bands was held.[30]
From 1921, the regiment developed sports activities, and by 1924, it had a stadium with a 460-meter track, a grandstand, an obstacle course, a fencing area, a grenade-throwing range, and a games field.[32] The regiment was represented in Sanok by the Podhalanin sports club.[33] The Podhalanie football team included Major Andrzej Bogacz [pl] and Lieutenant Roman Folwarczny as forwards, with Folwarczny and Captain Marian Warmuzek [pl] initiating the construction of the Wierchy Stadium [pl].[34] The regiment also sponsored the 2nd Podhale Rifles Ski Association, which organized ski courses in Nowy Łupków, led by Captain Marian Suda [pl], and the Military Sports Club, headed by Major Jan Stanisław Matuszek [pl].[35] Major Marian Franciszek Kowalski [pl] chaired the Sanoczanka Ski Section of the Sanok branch of the Polish Tatra Society [pl].[36] Every soldier was trained in skiing, with instructors including Lieutenant Roman Folwarczny, Senior Sergeant Biner, and Private Skupień from Zakopane, a member of the Polish national team.[37]
On 6 March 1930, regiment soldiers participated in suppressing the Hunger March demonstration.[38] In 1931, due to the regiment's presence, the Christ the King parish was established in Sanok, with chaplains Father Bronisław Nowyk [pl] and Father Roman Kostikow [pl].[39][40]
Between 21 June and 9 July 1932, two regimental companies helped restore order in several Lesko communes during the Lesko uprising. In 1936, the regiment co-organized the Mountain Rally in Sanok.[41] In 1938, the regiment honored the Sanok City Council with its badge.[42] That year, a guesthouse was built at 30 2 Pułku Strzelców Podhalańskich Street for rest and meals.[43] The Podhalanka restaurant operated at 3 Adam Mickiewicz Street.[44][45][46][47] The Podhalanin cinema operated at the Polish Soldier's Home at 14 Adam Mickiewicz Street.[44][48][49] The 2nd Podhale Rifles Consumer Cooperative[48] and a branch library of the Polish White Cross, with about 150 books in 1933, also operated.[50] During World War II, under German occupation, Stefan Stefański [pl] saved part of the regimental library, later donating 500 volumes to the Central Military Library.[51]
The regimental holiday was celebrated on 23 September, commemorating the 1920 battle against the Red Army at Kuźnica.[33]
In summer 1939, the Sanok County citizens donated 47,857.84 PLN for military equipment, collected by the County Army Gift Committee, with records transferred to the Sanok Land Museum.[54]
On the night of 4 September, the regiment retreated through Wolbrom, Działoszyce, and Skalbmierz to the Nida river. The first battle occurred at Mękarzowice on 7 September.[55] On 9 September, under Colonel Leopold Endel-Ragis, the regiment fought heavily at Bronina, then moved to Stopnica, where it clashed with German forces. The division reached Rytwiany, planning a feint attack on Staszów.[55] On 10 September, the division was defeated by the German 5th Panzer Division. The regiment broke through to the Mokre forest, gathering survivors from the 5th Podhale Rifles Infantry Regiment. The regimental staff stayed at the Grzybowska forester's lodge with forester Józef Jedynak [pl], but was soon surrounded by German forces and forced to surrender. Officers and non-commissioned officers were taken prisoner, while soldiers were released. The Germans seized the regiment's weapons and equipment.[55]
With the chief of staff's consent, Józef Jedynak [pl] hid the regimental banner. In spring 1941, fearing searches, it was moved to Sichów Duży and stored with the Pikul family, then from 1943 with the Witkowski family in Wilkowa. In August 1944, it returned to Jedynak's lodge in the Mokre forest.[55] In 1957, after refusing to join the Communist Party, the Jedynak family was evicted and relocated to Staszów with the banner, staying with the Strojny family. In 1960, they moved to their new home at 19 Oględowska Street.[55] In 1963, Jedynak informed military authorities in Kielce about the banner. General Mieczysław Moczar arrived with an escort, and as Jedynak retrieved the banner from the attic, military honors were rendered. The banner was taken to Warsaw and, in the presence of Polish Army and Polish United Workers' Party representatives, Jedynak handed it over to the Polish Army Museum after 24 years of safekeeping.[55]
Regimental holiday in Sanok – officers receiving the parade, 1928Group photo of non-commissioned officers and officers before the Polish Soldier's Home in Sanok, 1931Ski team of the 2nd Podhale Rifles Regiment with a trophy, 1933Regimental holiday – parade on Tadeusz Kościuszko Street, 1936Zygmunt Cšadek, regiment commander and later Sejm deputy, Stara Wieś, 29 May 1938Sanok Podhale Rifles, 2011
On 16 October 1929, the Minister of Military Affairs, Marshal of Poland Józef Piłsudski, approved the design and regulations for the commemorative badge of the 2nd Podhale Rifles Regiment.[7] The badge, measuring 37x37 mm, is shaped like a Greek cross with bent arms (swastika) and features a dark blue border with a circular white enameled shield. It was awarded in accordance with the principles established by the Ministry of Military Affairs in 1928. Officers' badges were made of silver, while soldiers' badges were made of tombac, silver-plated, and patinated. Each badge was numbered, and a record was kept of the recipients. Most badges were crafted by the engraving workshop of Wiktor Gontarczyk, located in Warsaw at 19 Miodowa Street.[70][71]
The 2nd Podhale Rifles Regiment received a gorget (a traditional Polish military plaque) as a gift from the Riflemen's Associations in Sanok, Lesko, and Krosno. The regiment's commander, Colonel Zygmunt Cšadek [pl], decided to offer it as a votive offering to the Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in nearby Stara Wieś. On 29 May 1938, the regiment's soldiers marched to the basilica, where the gorget was hung on the image of the Miraculous Mother of God, and a solemn oath was taken.[73][74]
Commemoration
Monument commemorating the 2nd Podhale Rifles Regiment and the Home Army in SanokCommemoration of the 2nd Podhale Rifles Regiment at Scouts Square in Sanok
From 10 November 1993 to 11 January 1994, an exhibition titled "Podhalanie" was held in the Zajazd building, the seat of the Sanok Historical Museum. It was the first exhibition dedicated to the 2nd Podhale Rifles Regiment, created by Andrzej Romaniak [pl].[75] A monument was established in Chyrów.[47]
In Sanok, several permanent commemorations of the 2nd Podhale Rifles Regiment have been made:
In 1981, the historical commission of the Sanok branch of the Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy proposed to the city authorities that one of the streets in Sanok be named after the 2nd Podhale Rifles Regiment, which was not realized at the time. Ultimately, Marceli Nowotka Street, previously Elżbieta Granowska Street, was renamed 2nd Podhale Rifles Regiment Street [pl].[76]
A commemorative plaque was placed on the facade of the Church of the Transfiguration to honor the memory of the soldiers of the Union of Armed Struggle and the Home Army and their commanders (Michał Tokarzewski-Karaszewicz, Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski, Leopold Okulicki), as well as the soldiers of the 2nd Podhale Rifles Regiment who were stationed in Sanok until 1939.[39] The inscription reads: "To the soldiers of the Union of Armed Struggle and the Home Army and their commanders General M. Tokarzewski 'Torwid', General S. Rowecki 'Grot', General T. Komorowski 'Bór', General L. Okulicki 'Niedźwiadek'. To the soldiers of the 2nd Podhale Rifles Regiment. On the 42nd anniversary of the departure of the 'Południe' partisan unit. The people of the Sanok region. A.D. 1986".[77] It was consecrated and unveiled on 6 July 1986[78] by Father Prelate Jan Stączek.[79]
A commemorative stone honoring the 2nd Podhale Rifles Regiment was established in front of the building at 21 Adam Mickiewicz Street, formerly military barracks and now the seat of the Jan Grodek State University.[80] It was unveiled on 3 October 1993.[79][81] The monument commemorates the soldiers of the 2nd Podhale Rifles Regiment and the Home Army. The obelisk was designed by Senior Warrant Officer Andrzej Siwiec. The monument features the emblem of the 2nd Podhale Rifles Regiment and a plaque with the inscription: "In memory of the soldiers of the 2nd Podhale Rifles Regiment and their successors from the Home Army 'SAN' District in the fight for Poland's independence. The people of the Sanok Land".[77]
On 8 October 2018, the Border Guard post in Kuźnica was named after the 2nd Podhale Rifles Regiment, which fought battles against Soviet forces in Kuźnica. A commemorative plaque with the post's name was also unveiled.[82][83]
On 8 December 2019, at the initiative of the Union of Veterans and Reservists of the Polish Army, a commemorative plaque was unveiled at Scouts Square dedicated to the 22nd Mountain Division and all regimental badges of this division, including the 2nd Podhale Rifles Regiment from Sanok. The plaque was consecrated by the Przemyśl Garrison Chaplain, Lieutenant Colonel Rafał Kaproń, and the unveiling was performed by Division General Jarosław Gromadziński, commander of the 18th Mechanized Division, Sanok Mayor Tomasz Matuszewski, and the president of the Union of Veterans and Reservists of the Polish Army, Krzysztof Juszczyk.[84]
^ abcBrygidyn, Andrzej (1997). Żołnierskimi rzuceni losami [Cast by Soldiers' Fates] (in Polish). Sanok: Andrzej Brygidyn. pp. 24, 148–239. ISBN83-87282-47-2.
^ abOdziemkowski, Janusz (2010). Piechota polska w wojnie z Rosją bolszewicką 1919-1920 [Polish Infantry in the War with Bolshevik Russia 1919–1920] (in Polish). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego. pp. 142, 226. ISBN978-83-7072-650-8.
^Romaniak, Andrzej (15 August 2008). W rocznicę zwycięstwa nad bolszewikami [On the Anniversary of the Victory over the Bolsheviks] (in Polish).
^ abRocznik Oficerski 1923 [Officers Yearbook 1923] (in Polish). Warsaw: Ministry of Military Affairs. 1923. pp. 379–381.
^ abRomaniak, Andrzej, ed. (2003). Pamiątki po 2 Pułku Strzelców Podhalańskich z Sanoka. Katalog zbiorów [Mementos of the 2nd Podhale Rifles Regiment from Sanok. Collection Catalogue] (in Polish). Sanok: Muzeum Historyczne. pp. 4, 12. ISBN978-83-919305-0-2.
^Romaniak, Andrzej (2009). Sanok. Fotografie archiwalne – Tom I [Sanok. Archival Photographs – Volume I] (in Polish). Sanok: Historical Museum in Sanok. pp. 310, 495. ISBN978-83-60380-26-0.
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^ abŁapiszczak, Borys (2003). Sanocki „Sokół” i 2 Pułk Strzelców Podhalańskich na dawnej pocztówce i fotografii. Cz. V [Sanok "Sokół" and the 2nd Podhale Rifles Regiment in Old Postcards and Photographs. Part V] (in Polish). Sanok: Poligrafia. pp. 49, 57. ISBN83-918650-0-2.
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^ abcdefKuca, Wiesław (December 2007). "Historia pewnego sztandaru" [History of a Certain Banner] (PDF). Powiat Staszowski. Pismo Rady i Zarządu Powiatu Staszowskiego (in Polish). 29: 18. ISSN1641-8212.
^Brygidyn, Andrzej; Brygidyn-Paszkiewicz, Magdalena; Granatowski, Mieczysław (2012). "Jeszcze nie zapomniałem" [I Haven't Forgotten Yet]. Wspomnienia i relacje żołnierzy Sanockiego Obwodu Związku Walki Zbrojnej – Armii Krajowej 1939–1944 [Memoirs and Accounts of Soldiers of the Sanok District of the Home Army 1939–1944] (in Polish). p. 118. ISBN978-83-903080-5-0.
^Rocznik Oficerski 1924 [Officers' Yearbook 1924] (in Polish). Warsaw: Ministry of Military Affairs. 1924. pp. 328–329.
^Rocznik Oficerski 1928 [Officers' Yearbook 1928] (in Polish). Warsaw: Ministry of Military Affairs. 1928. p. 102.
^"Nowi dowódcy i zastępcy dowódców pułków" [New Commanders and Deputy Commanders of Regiments]. Gazeta Lwowska (in Polish). 155: 4. 11 July 1935. Retrieved 20 July 2025.
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^Sulich, Paweł (2018). Wielka księga piechoty polskiej 1918–1939. 22 Dywizja Piechoty Górskiej [The Great Book of Polish Infantry 1918–1939. 22nd Mountain Infantry Division] (in Polish). Warsaw: Edipresse Polska. p. 30. ISBN978-83-7945-614-7.
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^Andrunik, Arnold (1986). Rozwój i działalność Związku Bojowników o Wolność i Demokrację na Ziemi Sanockiej w latach 1949-1984 [Development and Activities of the Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy in the Sanok Land in the Years 1949–1984] (in Polish). p. 295.
^ abOberc, Franciszek (1998). Pomniki i tablice pamiątkowe Sanoka [Monuments and Memorial Plaques of Sanok] (in Polish). Sanok: Miejska Biblioteka Publiczna. pp. 14–15, 39. ISBN978-83-909787-1-0.
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^ abOberc, Franciszek (1995). "Kalendarium sanockie 1974-1994" [Sanok Timeline 1974–1994]. In Kiryk, Feliks (ed.). Sanok. Dzieje miasta [Sanok. History of the City] (in Polish). Kraków: Secesja. pp. 957, 964. ISBN83-86077-57-3.
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