State assembly election in India
1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly Election Turnout 73.42%
Kerala, India Kerala, one of the states in
South India , has an electorate of more than 21 million people.
Alliance wise structure
The 1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election was held on 18 June 1991 to elect members to the Niyamasabha . The incumbent LDF government, which was in power from 1987, decided to seek a fresh mandate one year ahead of the expiry of its term. The decision was prompted by the announcement of the elections to the Lok Sabha and the Front's good showing in the elections to the local bodies held in the previous year.
The elections saw the LDF losing power and the UDF returning to power after four years. K. Karunakaran , the leader of the UDF alliance, was sworn in as the Chief Minister of the state on 24 June 1991.[ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] [ 6] [ 7]
This was the final election in which the two major fronts were led by K. Karunakaran and E.K. Nayanar respectively.
Results
Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1991.[ 8] [ 9] [ 10] [ 11]
Detailed constituency-wise Results[ 13] [ 14] [ 15]
Sl No.
Constituency Name
Category
Winner Candidates Name
Gender
Party
Vote
Runner-up Candidates Name
Gender
Party
vote
Margin
Winner
1
Manjeshwar
GEN
Cherkalam Abdullah
M
MUL
29603
K.G. Marar
M
BJP
28531
1072
IUML
2
Kasaragod[ 16]
GEN
C.T. Ahamdali
M
MUL
39143
Sri Krishna Bhat
M
BJP
24269
14874
IUML
3
Udma
GEN
P. Raghavan [ 17]
M
CPI(M)
47169
K.Po. Kunhikannan
M
INC
46212
957
CPI(M)
4
Hosdrug[ 18]
(SC)
M. Narayanan
M
CPI
60536
Kottara Vasudev
M
INC
53858
6678
CPI
5
Trikaripur
GEN
E.K. Nayanar
M
CPM
69437
Sreedharan C.K.
M
INC
55105
14332
CPI(M)
6
Irikkur
GEN
K.C. Joseph
M
INC
62395
Goorge Sebastian
M
KEC
45647
16748
INC
7
Payyannur
GEN
C.P. Narayanan
M
CPM
66530
M.P. Murali
M
INC
48365
18165
CPI(M)
8
Taliparamba
GEN
Pacheni Kunhiaraman
M
CPM
65973
M.K. Raghavan
M
INC
55273
10700
CPI(M)
9
Azhikode
GEN
E.P. Jayarajan
M
CPM
51466
C.P. Moosankutty
M
CPM(K)
43757
7709
CPI(M)
10
Cannanore
GEN
N. Ramakrishnan
M
INC
51742
A.K. Saseendran
M
ICS(SCS)
36937
14805
INC
11
Edakkad
GEN
O. Bharathan
M
CPM
54965
K. Ssudhakaran
M
INC
54746
219
CPI(M)
12
Tellicherry
GEN
K.P. Mamoo Master
M
CPM
48936
A.D. Mustaffa
M
INC
41550
7386
CPI(M)
13
Peringalam
GEN
K.M. Sooppy
M
MUL
49183
P.R. Karup
M
JD
47534
1649
IUML
14
Kuthuparamba
GEN
Pinaray Vijayan
M
CPM
58842
P. Ramakrishnan
M
INC
45782
13060
CPI(M)
15
Peravoor
GEN
K.P. Noorudheen
M
INC
60212
Ramachandran Kadannapally
M
ICS(SCS)
51834
8378
INC
16
North Wynad
(ST)
K. Raghavan Master
M
INC
50685
K.C. Kuniharaman
M
CPM
43150
7475
INC
17
Badagara
GEN
K. Chandrasekharan
M
JD
59820
K.C. Abu
M
INC
47336
12484
JD
18
Nadapuram
GEN
Satyyan Mokeri
M
CPI
60053
P. Shaduli
M
MUL
52427
7626
CPI
19
Meppayur
GEN
A. Kanaran
M
CPM
58362
Kadameri Balakrishnan
M
INC
49038
9324
CPI(M)
20
Quilandy
GEN
M.T. Padma
F
INC[ 19]
56642
C. Kunhamed
M
CPI
54139
2503
INC
21
Perambra
GEN
N.K. Radha
F
CPM
58978
K.A. Devassia
M
KEC
54562
4416
CPI(M)
22
Balusseri
GEN
A.C. Shanmukhadas
M
ICS(SCS)
52470
P. Shankaran
M
INC
42758
9712
ICS
23
Koduvally
GEN
P.V. Mohammed
M
MUL
51793
C. Mohasin
M
JD
51395
398
IUML
24
Calicut- I
GEN
A. Sujanapal
M
INC
53079
M. Dasan
M
CPM
49319
3760
INC
25
Calicut- II
GEN
M.K. Muneer
M
MUL
52779
C.P. Kunhu
M
CPM
48896
3883
IUML
26
Beypore
GEN
T.K. Hamza
M
CPM[ 20]
66683
K. Madhavan Kutty
M
IND
60413
6270
CPI(M)
27
Kunnamangalam
(SC)
C.P. Balan Vudiar
M
CPM
47946
A. Balaram
M
INC
46788
1158
CPI(M)
28
Thiruvambady
GEN
A.V. Abdurahimanhat
M
MUL
50767
P. Cyriac John
M
ICS(SCS)
44665
6102
IUML
29
Kalpetta
GEN
K.K. Ramachandran Master
M
INC
46488
K.K. Hemza
M
JD
42696
3792
INC
30
Sultan'S Battery
GEN
K.C. Rosakutty
F
INC
53050
Varghese Vaidyar
M
CPM
50544
2506
INC
31
Wandoor
(SC)
Pandalam Sudhakaran
M
INC
53104
Kunnath Velayudhan
M
CPM
45509
7595
INC
32
Nilambur
GEN
Aryadan Muhammed
M
INC
60558
K. Abdurahiman Master
M
IND
52874
7684
INC
33
Manjeri
GEN
Ishaque Kurikkal
M
MUL
57717
K.P. Mohammed
M
JD
35286
22431
IUML
34
Malappuram
GEN
Yoonus Kunju
M
MUL
49713
Sebastian J. Kaloor
M
ICS(SCS)
22604
27109
IUML
35
Kondotty
GEN
K. Abu
M
MUL[ 21]
54042
Madathil Mohammedaji
M
JD
33178
20864
IUML
36
Tirurangadi
GEN
V.A. Beeran Sahib
M
MUL
47223
M. Rahmathulla
M
CPI
28021
19202
IUML
37
Tanur
GEN
P. Seethi Haji
M
MUL
47424
M. Mohamed Master
M
CPM
21577
25847
IUML
38
Tirur
GEN
E.T. Mohamed Basheer
MUL
52489
Kuruiyan Syed
M
ICS(SCS)
39984
12505
IUML
39
Ponnani
GEN
E.K. Imbichibava
M
CPM
49264
P.T. Mohankrishnan
M
INC
44180
5084
CPI(M)
40
Kuttippuram
GEN
P.K. Kunhalikutty
M
MUL
44865
V.P. Sakkariya
M
CPM
22539
22326
IUML
41
Mankada
GEN
K.P.A. Majeed
M
MUL
48605
K. Ummer Master
M
CPM
42645
5960
IUML
42
Perinthalmanna
GEN
Sooppy Nalakath
M
MUL
49766
M.M. Mustafa
M
IND
42827
6939
IUML
43
Thrithala[ 22]
(SC)
E. Sankaran
M
CPM
46187
K.P. Raman Master
M
MUL
40602
5585
CPI(M)
44
Pattambi
GEN
K.E. Esmail
M
CPI
43351
Leela Damodara Memon
F
INC
39681
3670
CPI
45
Ottapalam
GEN
V.C. Kabeer Master
M
ICS(SCS)
42771
K. Sankaranarayanan
M
INC
38501
4270
ICS
46
Sreekrishnapuram
GEN
P. Balan
M
INC
51864
E.M. Sreedharan
M
CPM
50166
1698
INC
47
Mannarkkad
GEN
Kalladi Mohammed
M
MUL
53884
P. Kumaran
M
CPI
49414
4470
IUML
48
Malampuzha
GEN
T. Sivadasa Menon
M
CPM
50361
V. Krishnadas
M
CPM(K)
32370
17991
CPI(M)
49
Palghat
GEN
C.M. Sundaram
M
INC
41432
M.S. Gopalakirshnan
M
CPM
37925
3507
INC
50
Chittur
GEN
K. Krishnankutty
M
JD
47281
K.A. Chandran
M
INC
44170
3111
JD
51
Kollengode
GEN
T. Chathu
M
CPM
47058
A, Ramaswamy
M
INC
45853
1205
CPI(M)
52
Coyalmannam
(SC)
M. Naryannan
M
CPM
50315
M. Ayyappan Master
M
INC
42597
7718
CPI(M)
53
Alathur
GEN
A.V. Gopinathan
M
INC
49512
V. Sukumaran Master
M
CPM
49174
338
INC
54
Chelakara
(SC)
M.P. Thami
M
INC
47790
C. Kuttappan
M
CPM
43429
4361
INC
55
Wadakkanchery
GEN
K.S. Narayanan Namboodiri
M
INC
51414
K. Mohandas
M
KEC
43773
7641
INC
56
Kunnamkulam
GEN
T.V. Chandramohan
M
INC
53099
K.P. Aravindhakshan
M
CPM
50344
2755
INC
57
Cherpu
GEN
V.V. Raghavan
M
CPI
50767
M.K. Abdul Salam
M
INC
46309
4458
CPI
58
Trichur
GEN
Therambil Ramakrishnan
M
INC
53190
E.K. Menon
M
CPM
45899
7291
INC
59
Ollur
GEN
P.P. George
M
INC
57910
A.M. Paraman
M
CPI
52669
5241
INC
60
Kodakara
GEN
K. P. Viswanathan
M
INC
49971
P.R. Rajan
M
CPM
48360
1611
INC
61
Chalakudi
GEN
Rosamma Chacko
F
INC
49482
Jose Painadath
M
JD
42742
6740
INC
62
Mala
GEN
K. Karunakaran
M
INC
50966
V.K. Rajan
M
CPI
48492
2474
INC
63
Irinjalakuda
GEN
Lonappan Nambadan
M
IND
53351
A.L. Sebastian
M
KCM
43927
9424
IND
64
Manalur
GEN
V.M. Sudheeran
M
INC
45930
K.F. Davis
M
CPM
40414
5516
INC
65
Guruvayoor
GEN
P.M. Abubacker
M
MUL
40496
K.K. Kammu
M
IND
34820
5676
IUML
66
Nattika
GEN
Krishnan Kaniyamparabil
M
CPI
44762
Raghvan Pozhakadavil
M
INC
43596
1166
CPI
67
Kodungallur
GEN
Meenakshy Thampan
F
CPI
53542
T.A. Ahammed Kabeer
M
MUL
42353
11189
CPI
68
Ankamali
GEN
P.J. Joy
M
INC
60441
M.V. Mani
M
KEC
52843
7598
INC
69
Vadakkekara
GEN
S. Sarma
M
CPM
52897
M.I. Shanavas
M
INC
52100
797
CPI(M)
70
Parur
GEN
P.Raju
M
CPI
43551
Karthav
M
IND
40719
2832
CPI
71
Narakkal
(SC)
K. Kunjambu
M
INC
49102
V.K. Babu
M
ICS(SCS)
45555
3547
INC
Bye Polls
Narakkal
(SC)
V.K.Babu
M
INC
Unconsted
INC
72
Ernakulam
GEN
George Eden
M
INC
54263
Everest Chammany
M
IND
43441
10822
INC
73
Mattancherry
GEN
M.J. Zakaria
M
MUL[ 23]
33736
Jerson Kalappurakkal
M
IND
24796
8940
IUML
74
Palluruthy
GEN
Dominic Presentation
M
INC
60001
T.P. Peethabaran Master
M
ICS(SCS)
52527
7474
INC
75
Thrippunithura
GEN
K. Babu
M
INC
63887
M.M. Lawrance
M
CPM
58941
4946
INC
76
Alwaye
GEN
K. Mohamed Ali
M
INC
64837
T.O. Khathir Pillai
M
CPM
56266
8571
INC
77
Perumbavoor
GEN
P.P. Thankachan
M
INC
52494
Alumkal Devassy
M
JD
49183
3311
INC
78
Kunnathunad
GEN
T.H. Musthafa
M
INC
56094
Rukhiya Beevi Ali
F
IND
48626
7468
INC
79
Piravom
GEN
T.M. Jacob
M
KCM
53751
Gopi Kottamurickal
M
CPM
50804
2947
KCM
80
Muvattupuzha
GEN
Johny Nelloor
M
KCM
51783
A.V. Issac
M
IND
48004
3779
KCM
81
Kothamangalam
GEN
V.J. Faulose
M
INC
51862
T.M. Paily
M
IND
44490
7372
INC
82
Thodupuzha
GEN
P.T. Thomas
M
INC
55666
P.J. Joseph
M
KEC
54574
1092
INC
83
Devicolam
(SC)
K. Moni Alias A.K. Moni
M
INC
51801
S. Sundramanickam
M
CPM
44859
6942
INC
84
Idukki
GEN
Mathew Stephen
M
KCM[ 24]
52559
Johny Poomattom
M
KEC
48881
3678
KCM
85
Udumbanchola
GEN
E.M. Augusthy
M
INC
59843
M. Jinadevan
M
CPM
56469
3354
INC
86
Peermade
GEN
K.K. Thomas
M
INC
46868
C.A. Kurian
M
CPI
41827
5041
INC
87
Kanjirappally
GEN
Geoge J. Mathew
M
INC
45973
K.J. Thomas
M
CPM
44815
1158
INC
88
Vazhoor
GEN
K. Narayana Karup
M
KCM
43354
Kanam Rajendran
M
CPI
40804
2550
KCM
89
Changanacherry
GEN
C.F. Thomas
M
KCM
53742
M.T. Joseph
M
CPM
41965
11777
KCM
90
Kottayam
GEN
T.K. Ramakrishnan
M
CPM
54182
Cherian Philip
M
INC
51500
2682
CPI(M)
91
Ettumanoor
GEN
Thomas Chazihikadan
M
KCM
49233
Vaikom Viswan
M
CPM
48347
886
KCM
92
Puthuppally
GEN
Oommen Chandy
M
INC
56150
Vasavan
M
CPM
42339
13811
INC
93
Poonjar
GEN
Joy Abraham
M
KCM
43936
N.M. Joseph
M
JD
33518
10418
KCM
94
Palai
GEN
K.M. Mani
M
KCM
52310
George C. Kappan
M
IND
35021
17289
KCM
95
Kaduthuruthy
GEN
P.M. Mathew
M
KCM
50324
E.J. Lukose
M
KEC
36592
13732
KCM
96
Vaikom[ 25]
(SC)
K.K. Balakrishnan
M
INC[ 26]
50692
K.P. Sreedharan
M
CPI
49654
1038
INC
97
Aroor
GEN
K.R. Gouri Amma
F
CPM
56230
P.J. Francis
M
INC
52613
3617
CPI(M)
98
Sherthalai
GEN
C.K. Chandrappan
M
CPI
50844
Vayalar Ravi
M
INC
49853
991
CPI
99
Mararikulam
GEN
V.S. Achuthanandan
M
CPM
71470
D. Sugathan
M
INC
61490
9980
CPI(M)
100
Alleppey
GEN
K.P. Ramachandran Nair
M
NDP
42269
P.S. Somasekhara
M
CPI
41519
750
NDP
101
Ambalapuzha
GEN
C.K. Sadasivan
M
CPM
48150
V. Dinakaran
M
INC
46617
1533
CPI(M)
102
Kuttanad
GEN
K.C. Joseph
M
KEC
45669
P.D. Luke
M
KCM
36673
8996
KEC
103
Haripad
GEN
K.K. Sreenivasan
M
INC
52891
A.V. Thamarakshan
M
RSP
52376
515
INC
104
Kayamkulam
GEN
Thachady Prabhakaran
M
INC
46682
M.R. Gopalakrishnan
M
CPM
46649
33
INC
105
Thiruvalla
GEN
Mammen Mathai
M
KCM
35843
Mathew T. Thomas
M
JD
33950
1893
KCM
106
Kallooppara
GEN
Joseph M. Puthussery
M
IND
35524
T.S. John
M
KEC
30288
5236
IND
107
Aranmula
GEN
R. Ramachandran Nair
M
NDP
37534
C.A. Mathew
M
ICS(SCS)
32128
5406
NDP
108
Chengannur
GEN
Sobhana George
F
INC
40208
Mammen Iype
M
ICS(SCS)
36761
3447
INC
109
Mavelikara
GEN
M. Murali
M
INC
50292
S. Govinda Kurup
M
CPM
44322
5970
INC
110
Pandalam
(SC)
V. Kisavan
M
CPM
52768
M.A. Kuttappan
M
INC
51210
1558
CPI(M)
111
Ranni
GEN
M.C. Cheriyan Moozhickal
M
INC
41048
Idiculla Mappila
M
CPM
38809
2239
INC
112
Pathanamthitta
GEN
K.K. Nair
M
IND
47367
Eapen Varughese
M
KEC
29899
17468
IND
113
Konni
GEN
A. Padma Kumar
M
CPM
42531
C.P. Ramachandran Nair
M
IND
41615
916
CPI(M)
114
Pathanapuram
GEN
K. Prakash Babu
M
CPI
50295
Vakkanand Radhakrishnan
M
KCM
44267
6028
CPI
115
Punalur
GEN
Punalur Madhu
M
INC
53050
Mullakkara Ratnakaran
M
CPI
51738
1312
INC
116
Chadayamangalam
GEN
E. Rajendran
M
CPI
46025
A. Hidur Mohammed
M
INC
40986
5039
CPI
117
Kottarakkara
GEN
R. Balakrishna Pillai
M
IND
47122
George Mathew
M
CPM
41707
5421
IND
118
Neduvathur
(SC)
B. Raghavan
M
CPM
49296
N. Narayanan
M
INC
42112
7184
CPI(M)
119
Adoor
GEN
Thiruvanchoor Radhakrishnan
M
INC
44147
R. Unnikrishna Pillai
M
CPM
38380
5767
INC
120
Kunnathur
(SC)
T. Nanoomaster
M
RSP
56064
V. Sasidharan
M
INC
53462
2602
RSP
121
Karunagappally
GEN
P.S Sreenivasan
M
CPI
53576
Jameela Ibrahim
F
INC
47326
6250
CPI
122
Chavara
GEN
Baby John
M
RSP
51249
Prathapa Varma Thampan
M
INC
46925
4324
RSP
123
Kundara
GEN
Alphonsa John
F
INC
46447
J. Mercykutty Amma
F
CPM
45075
1372
INC
124
Quilon
GEN
Kadavoor Sivadasan
M
INC
48307
Babu Divakaran
M
RSP
43831
4476
INC
125
Eravipuram
GEN
P.K.K. Bava
M
MUL
55972
V.P. Ramakrishna Pillai
M
IND
55350
422
IUML
126
Chathanoor
GEN
C.V. Padmarajan
M
INC
53755
P. Ravindran
M
CPI
49244
4511
INC
127
Varkala
GEN
Varkala Radhakrishnan
M
CPM
42977
Varkala Kahar
M
INC
39680
3297
CPI(M)
128
Attingal
GEN
T. Saratchandra Prasad
M
INC
41964
Anathalavattom Anadan
M
CPM
41527
437
INC
129
Kilimanoor
(SC)
N. Rajan
M
CPI
51937
Thankappan
M
INC
47882
4055
CPI
130
Vamanapuram
GEN
Kolaikode N. Krishna Nair
M
CPM
52248
R.M. Parameswaran
M
INC
50882
1366
CPI(M)
131
Ariyanad
GEN
G. Karihikeyan
M
INC
44302
K. Pankajakshan
M
RSP
40822
3480
INC
132
Nedumangad
GEN
Palode Ravi
M
INC
54678
K. Govinda Pillai
M
CPI
53739
939
INC
133
Kazhakuttam
GEN
M.V. Raghavan
M
CPM(K)
51243
A. Nabeesaummal
F
CPM
50554
689
CPM(K)
134
Trivandrum North
GEN
M. Vijaya Kumar
M
CPM
52865
T. Raveendtan Thampi
M
NDP
52525
340
CPI(M)
135
Trivandrum West
GEN
M.M. Hassan
M
INC
43620
Antony Raju
M
KEC
35121
8499
INC
136
Trivandrum East
GEN
B. Vijaya Kumar
M
INC
41230
K. Sankaranaraya Pillai
M
ICS(SCS)
33302
8018
INC
137
Nemom
GEN
V.J. Thankappan
M
CPM
47063
Stanly Sathyanesan
M
CPM(K)
40201
6862
CPI(M)
138
Kovalam
GEN
A. Neela Lohitha Dajan Kadar
M
JD
49515
George Maserine
M
INC
49494
21
JD
139
Neyyattinkara
GEN
Thampanoor Ravi
M
INC
49016
S.R. Thanka Raj
M
JD
47042
1974
INC
140
Parassala
GEN
M.R. Raghu Chandra Bal
M
INC
48423
Sathyanesan
M
CPM
40788
7635
INC
References
^ "Ninth Kerala Legislative Assembly" . 3 April 2013. Archived from the original on 3 April 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2019 .
^ "Kerala Assembly Elections 1991-- brief backgrounder" . www.keralaassembly.org . Retrieved 1 September 2020 .
^ Isaac, T. M. Thomas; Kumar, S. Mohana (1991). "Kerala Elections, 1991: Lessons and Non-Lessons". Economic and Political Weekly . 26 (47): 2691– 2704. ISSN 0012-9976 . JSTOR 4398338 .
^ "History of kerala legislature – Government of Kerala, India" . kerala.gov.in . Archived from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 21 August 2019 .
^ "Electoral History" . Official Website of Kerala Chief Minister . Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019 .
^ "Oommen Chandy Biography: Family, Political Career, Criticisms & Awards" . Who-is-who . 3 February 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2019 .
^ Brass, Paul R. (8 September 1994). The Politics of India Since Independence . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521459709 .
^ "Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1991" . www.elections.in . Retrieved 21 August 2019 .
^ "CEO Kerala :: Election History" . www.ceo.kerala.gov.in . Retrieved 21 August 2019 .
^ "Kerala Assembly Election 1991: Summary" . www.keralaassembly.org . Retrieved 21 August 2019 .
^ "Online Thesis Search Results" . www.mgutheses.in . Retrieved 21 August 2019 .
^ "Statistical Report on General Election, 1991 to the Legislative Assembly of Kerala" (PDF) . ceo.kerala.gov.in . Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 February 2012.
^ STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1991 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF KERELA (PDF) . ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA. 1992. pp. 4– 7.
^ "Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1991" . www.elections.in . Retrieved 12 April 2019 .
^ Sushanth. "ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS 1957 – 2016(Kerala)" . data-analytics.github.io . Retrieved 21 August 2019 .
^ "This is O Rajagopal, BJP's first legislator ever in Kerala" . The Indian Express . 19 May 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2019 .
^ Kurup, G. Radhakrishna (2004). Politics of Congress Factionalism in Kerala Since 1982 . Gyan Publishing House. ISBN 9788178352848 .
^ Ramachandran, V. K. (2 January 2018). "Economic planning in Kerala". Critical Asian Studies . 50 (1): 155– 163. doi :10.1080/09548963.2017.1421746 . ISSN 1467-2715 . S2CID 198744055 .
^ Prashad, Vijay (14 June 2016). " "Red Spring" for the left in India's Kerala state" . People's World . Retrieved 21 August 2019 .
^ Team, BS Web (11 May 2016). "Kerala assembly elections: Oommen Chandy hopes to create history by retaining power" . Business Standard India . Retrieved 21 August 2019 .
^ "kerala results" . archives.peoplesdemocracy.in . Archived from the original on 26 July 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2019 .
^ "Record 13th win for K M Mani" . The Times of India . Retrieved 21 August 2019 .
^ Ahuja, M. L. (2000). Handbook of General Elections and Electoral Reforms in India, 1952–1999 . Mittal Publications. ISBN 9788170997665 .
^ "Lok Sabha polls 2019: Full list of Congress-led UDF's candidates in Kerala" . www.thenewsminute.com . 21 March 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019 .
^ "Pinarayi Vijayan sworn-in as Chief Minister of Kerala" . Jagranjosh.com . 25 May 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2019 .
^ Staff Reporter (23 April 2019). "Highest voter turnout in Kottayam since 1991" . The Hindu . ISSN 0971-751X . Retrieved 21 August 2019 .
External links