Henry Cabot Lodge[a] Republican
The 1920 United States Senate elections were elections for the United States Senate that coincided with the presidential election of Warren G. Harding. The 32 seats of Class 3 were contested in regular elections, and special elections were held to fill vacancies. Democrat Woodrow Wilson's unpopularity allowed Republicans to win races across the country, winning ten seats from the Democrats and providing them with an overwhelming 59-to-37 majority. The Republican landslide was so vast that Democrats lost over half of the seats that were contested this year and failed to win a single race outside the South.
Since the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment, these elections were the closest when the winning party in almost every Senate election mirrored the winning party for their state in the presidential election, with Kentucky being the only Senate race to not mirror their presidential result. No other Senate election cycle in a presidential year would come close to repeating this feat until 2016, in which the result of every Senate race mirrored the corresponding state's result in the presidential election. Coincidentally, that election cycle involved the same class of Senate seats, Class 3.[1]
This is one of only five occasions where 10 or more Senate seats changed party in an election, with the other occasions being in 1932, 1946, 1958, and 1980.
As of 2024, the 59 seats held after this election cycle remains the highest number of seats that the Republican Party has held as the result of an election cycle. This number rose to 60, the highest number of seats the Republicans have ever held, after Democrat senator Josiah O. Wolcott of Delaware accepted an offer from Republican governor William D. Denney to become Chancellor of the Delaware Court of Chancery, allowing Denney to name Republican T. Coleman du Pont to replace Wolcott, a seat du Pont held until the next election, in which both a special election was held for the remainder of the term and a regular election was held as the seat was normally up then, both of which du Pont lost narrowly to Democrat Thomas F. Bayard Jr. In addition, the 22-seat majority is the largest majority that the Republicans have achieved in any election since.
Two Republicans and three Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election. One Democrat retired instead of seeking election to finish the unexpired term.
Ten Democrats and one Republican sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election.
In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1920 or before March 4, 1921; ordered by election date.
In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1921; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
Nine races had a margin of victory under 10%:
The tipping point state is Colorado with a margin of 15.2%.
Oscar Underwood Democratic
B. B. Comer Democratic
J. Thomas Heflin Democratic
Marcus A. Smith Democratic
Ralph H. Cameron Republican
William F. Kirby Democratic
Thaddeus H. Caraway Democratic
James Duval Phelan Democratic
Samuel Morgan Shortridge Republican
Charles S. Thomas Democratic
Samuel D. Nicholson Republican
Frank B. Brandegee Republican
Duncan U. Fletcher Democratic
M. Hoke Smith Democratic
Thomas E. Watson Democratic
John F. Nugent Democratic
Frank R. Gooding Republican
Lawrence Yates Sherman Republican
William B. McKinley Republican
James E. Watson Republican
Albert B. Cummins Republican
Charles Curtis Republican
J. C. W. Beckham Democratic
Richard P. Ernst Republican
Edward J. Gay Democratic
Edwin S. Broussard Democratic
John Walter Smith Democratic
Ovington Weller Republican
Selden P. Spencer Republican
Charles Henderson Democratic
Tasker Oddie Republican
George H. Moses Republican
James W. Wadsworth Republican
Lee Slater Overman Democratic
Gerald Nye Republican
Edwin F. Ladd Republican
Warren G. Harding Republican
Frank B. Willis Republican
Thomas Gore Democratic
John W. Harreld Republican
George Earle Chamberlain Democratic
Robert N. Stanfield Republican
Boies Penrose Republican
Ellison D. Smith Democratic
Edwin S. Johnson Democratic
Peter Norbeck Republican
Reed Smoot Republican
William P. Dillingham Republican
Carter Glass Democratic
Wesley Livsey Jones Republican
Irvine Lenroot Republican
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