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1906–07 United States Senate elections
30 of the 90 seats in the United States Senate; (as well as special elections); 46 seats needed for a majority
	Results of the elections:; Democratic hold; Republican gain Republican hold; Legislature failed to elect
Majority Party before election; ; Republican	Elected Majority Party ; ; Republican

The 1906–07 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1906 and 1907, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.^[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.

The Republican Party gained three seats in the United States Senate, expanding their majority to more twice that of the opposing Democratic Party. The elections were held alongside the 1906 House of Representatives elections, which saw a significant Democratic gain in contrast to the Senate elections.

In Georgia, the legislature failed to elect until shortly after the beginning of the 60th Congress on March 4. In Rhode Island, the legislature deadlocked and did not elect a Senator until well into 1908.

Results summary

Senate party division, 60th Congress (1907–1909)

Majority party: Republican (60)
Minority party: Democratic (28)
Other prties: 0
Vacancies: 2
Total seats: 90

Change in composition

Before the elections

At the beginning of 1906.

					D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉	D₈	D₇	D₆
D₁₆	D₁₇	D₁₈	D₁₉ Al. Ran	D₂₀ Ar. Ran	D₂₁ Co. Retired	D₂₂ Ga. Ran	D₂₃ Id. Ran	D₂₄ Ky. Ran	D₂₅ La. Ran
R₅₆ W.V. Ran	R₅₇ Wyo. Ran	D₃₃ Va. Ran	D₃₂ Tex. Ran	D₃₁ Tenn. Ran	D₃₀ S.C. Ran	D₂₉ Or. Retired	D₂₈ N.C. Ran	D₂₇ Mont. Retired	D₂₆ Miss. Ran
R₅₅ S.D. Ran	R₅₄ R.I. Ran	R₅₃ N.J. Ran	R₅₂ N.H. Ran	R₅₁ Neb. Retired	R₅₀ Minn. Ran	R₄₉ Mich. Retired	R₄₈ Mass. Ran	R₄₇ Me. Ran	R₄₆ Kan. Ran
Majority →									R₄₆ Kan. Ran
R₃₆	R₃₇	R₃₈	R₃₉	R₄₀	R₄₁	R₄₂	R₄₃ Del. Retired	R₄₄ Ill. Ran	R₄₅ Ia. Ran
R₃₅	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉	R₂₈	R₂₇	R₂₆
R₁₆	R₁₇	R₁₈	R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅
R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉	R₈	R₇	R₆
					R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅

Result of the general elections

					D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉	D₈	D₇	D₆
D₁₆	D₁₇	D₁₈	D₁₉ Re-elected	D₂₀ Re-elected	D₂₁ Re-elected	D₂₂ Re-elected	D₂₃ Re-elected	D₂₄ Re-elected	D₂₅ Re-elected
R₅₆ Hold	R₅₇ Gain	R₅₈ Gain	R₅₉ Gain	R₆₀ Gain	V₁ R.I. R Loss	V₂ Ga. D Loss	D₂₈ Hold	D₂₇ Hold	D₂₆ Hold
R₅₅ Hold	R₅₄ Hold	R₅₃ Hold	R₅₂ Hold	R₅₁ Re-elected	R₅₀ Re-elected	R₄₉ Re-elected	R₄₈ Re-elected	R₄₇ Re-elected	R₄₆ Re-elected
Majority→									R₄₅ Re-elected
R₃₆	R₃₇	R₃₈	R₃₉	R₄₀	R₄₁	R₄₂	R₄₃ Re-elected	R₄₄ Re-elected	R₄₅ Re-elected
R₃₅	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉	R₂₈	R₂₇	R₂₆
R₁₆	R₁₇	R₁₈	R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅
R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉	R₈	R₇	R₆
					R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅

Beginning of the next Congress

					D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉	D₈	D₇	D₆
D₁₆	D₁₇	D₁₈	D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅
R₅₆	R₅₇	R₅₈	R₅₉	R₆₀	V₁ R.I.	D₂₉ Ga. Appointed	D₂₈	D₂₇	D₂₆
R₅₅	R₅₄	R₅₃	R₅₂	R₅₁	R₅₀	R₄₉	R₄₈	R₄₇	R₄₆
Majority→									R₄₅
R₃₆	R₃₇	R₃₈	R₃₉	R₄₀	R₄₁	R₄₂	R₄₃	R₄₄	R₄₅
R₃₅	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉	R₂₈	R₂₇	R₂₆
R₁₆	R₁₇	R₁₈	R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅
R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉	R₈	R₇	R₆
					R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅

Key

D_#	Democratic
R_#	Republican
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Elections during the 59th Congress

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1906 or in 1907 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Delaware (Class 1)	Vacant			Legislature had previously failed to elect. New senator elected June 12, 1906. Republican gain.^[2]	▌Y Henry A. du Pont (Republican) 36 ▌J. Edward Addicks (Republican) 2^[2]
Kansas (Class 2)	Alfred W. Benson	Republican	1906 (appointed)	Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected January 22, 1907. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to the next term; see below.	▌Y Charles Curtis (Republican) 120 ▌Alfred W. Benson (Republican) 19 ▌W. A. Harris (Democratic) 11 ▌Walter R. Stubbs (Republican) 1^[3]
Oregon (Class 2)	John M. Gearin	Democratic	1905 (appointed)	Interim appointee retired January 22, 1907, when successor elected. New senator elected January 22, 1907, ratifying popular selection made in 1906 state elections.^[4]^[5]^[6] Republican gain. Winner was not elected to the next term; see below.	▌Y Frederick W. Mulkey (Republican) Unopposed^[6] In state election: ▌Frederick W. Mulkey (Republican) 74.85% ▌J. D. Stevens (Socialist) 15.17% ▌Hiram Gould (Prohibition) 9.99%^[7]
Michigan (Class 2)	Russell A. Alger	Republican	1902 (appointed) 1903 (special)	Incumbent died January 24, 1907. New senator elected February 5, 1907.^[6] Republican hold. Winner had already been elected to the next term; see below.	▌Y William A. Smith (Republican) [data missing]

In this election, the winner was seated March 4, 1909, in the 61st Congress.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Alabama (Class 3)	Edmund Pettus	Democratic	1903	Incumbent re-elected early January 22, 1907, for the term beginning March 4, 1909.^[3] Winner died July 27, 1907, and a new senator was elected early August 6, 1907.^[3]	July 27, 1907: ▌Y Edmund Pettus (Democratic) Unopposed^[3] August 6, 1907: ▌Y Joseph F. Johnston (Democratic) Unopposed^[3]

Elections leading to the 60th Congress

In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1907; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Alabama	John T. Morgan	Democratic	1876 1882 1888 1894 1900	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.^[4]^[3] Winner died June 11, 1907, and a new senator was appointed June 17. Interim appointee elected July 16, 1907.^[3]	January 22, 1907: ▌Y John T. Morgan (Democratic) Unopposed^[3] July 16, 1907: ▌Y John H. Bankhead (Democratic) Unopposed^[3]
Arkansas	James H. Berry	Democratic	1885 (special) 1889 1895 1901	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected January 29, 1907.^[3] Democratic hold.	▌Y Jeff Davis (Democratic) ▌John L. Worthington (Republican) 5^[3]
Colorado	Thomas Patterson	Democratic	1901	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1907. Republican gain.	▌Y Simon Guggenheim (Republican) 68 ▌Charles Thomas (Democratic) 27 ▌Frank C. Goudy (Republican) 4^[3]
Delaware	J. Frank Allee	Republican	1903 (special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1907. Republican hold.	▌Y Harry A. Richardson (Republican) 36 ▌Willard Saulsbury Jr. (Democratic) 15^[3]
Georgia	Augustus O. Bacon	Democratic	1894 1900	Incumbent ran, but legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Incumbent was appointed to start the term and was later elected to finish the term; see below.	▌Augustus O. Bacon (Democratic) [data missing]
Idaho	Fred Dubois	Democratic	1890 1897 (lost) 1901	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 15, 1907. Republican gain.	▌Y William Borah (Republican) 50 ▌Fred Dubois (Democratic) 18^[5]
Illinois	Shelby M. Cullom	Republican	1882 1888 1894 1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.^[4]	▌Y Shelby M. Cullom (Republican) 132 ▌Carroll C. Boggs (Democratic) 68 ▌Daniel R. Sheen (Prohibition) 3^[3]
Iowa	Jonathan Dolliver	Republican	1900 (appointed) 1901 (appointed) 1902 (special)	Incumbent re-elected January 23, 1907.	▌Y Jonathan Dolliver (Republican) 110 ▌Claude Porter (Democratic) 45^[8]
Kansas	Alfred W. Benson	Republican	1906 (appointed)	Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected January 22, 1907. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to finish the term; see above.	▌Y Charles Curtis (Republican) 122 ▌William A. Harris (Democratic) 32 ▌Joseph L. Bristow (Republican) 1^[3]^[4]
Kentucky	J. C. S. Blackburn	Democratic	1884 1890 1897 (lost) 1900	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected January 9, 1906.^[2]^[9] Democratic hold.	▌Y Thomas Paynter (Democratic) 101 ▌William Cox (Republican) 30 ▌C. F. Burnan (Republican) 1^[2]^[9]
Louisiana	Murphy J. Foster	Democratic	1900	Incumbent re-elected early May 18, 1904.^[10]	▌Y Murphy J. Foster (Democratic) 148 Unopposed^[10]
Maine	William P. Frye	Republican	1881 (special) 1883 1889 1895 1901	Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1907.^[3]	▌Y William P. Frye (Republican) 109 ▌William H. Pennell (Democratic) 66^[3]
Massachusetts	Winthrop Crane	Republican	1904 (appointed) 1905 (special)	Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1907.	▌Y Winthrop M. Crane (Republican) 207 ▌James B. Carroll (Democratic) 48 ▌George Williams (Democratic) 3 ▌Joseph H. O'Neil (Democratic) 1 ▌John A. Sullivan (Democratic) 1^[11]
Michigan	Russell A. Alger	Republican	1902 (appointed) 1903 (special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 15, 1907.^[6] Republican hold. Winner was subsequently elected to finish the current term; see above.	▌Y William A. Smith (Republican) 123 ▌Charles E. Townsend (Republican) 2 ▌T. E. Barkworth (Democratic) 2^[6]
Minnesota	Knute Nelson	Republican	1895 1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.^[4]	▌Y Knute Nelson (Republican) 143 ▌Albert Schaller (Democratic) 27 ▌W. J. Dean (Progressive) 3 ▌John O. Johnson (Democratic) 1 ▌Frank A. Day (Democratic) 1^[6]
Mississippi	Anselm J. McLaurin	Democratic	1894 (special) 1900	Incumbent re-elected early January 19, 1904.^[12]	▌Y Anselm J. McLaurin (Democratic) [data missing]
Montana	William Clark	Democratic	1899 1900 (resigned) 1901	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1907.^[6] Republican gain.	▌Y Joseph M. Dixon (Republican) 70 ▌Joseph Toole (Democratic) 17 ▌H. L. Frank (Democratic) 6 ▌W. C. Conrad (Unknown) 2 ▌[FNU] Norris (Democratic) 1^[6]
Nebraska	Joseph Millard	Republican	1901 (special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 15, 1907.^[6] Republican hold.	▌Y Norris Brown (Republican) 95 ▌William H. Thompson (Democratic) 36^[6]
New Hampshire	Henry E. Burnham	Republican	1901	Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1907.^[6]^[13]	▌Y Henry E. Burnham (Republican) 254 ▌Nathan C. Jameson (Democratic) 123 ▌George B. Leighton (Unknown) 1^[6]
New Jersey	John F. Dryden	Republican	1902 (special)	Incumbent withdrew from renomination. New senator elected February 5, 1907.^[6] Republican hold.	▌Y Frank O. Briggs (Republican) 41 ▌James E. Martine (Democratic) 35 ▌John W. Griggs (Republican) 1 ▌Mahlon Pitney (Republican) 1^[6]
North Carolina	F. M. Simmons	Democratic	1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.^[4]^[6]	▌Y F. M. Simmons (Democratic) 116 ▌Spencer B. Adams (Republican) 3 ▌James J. Britt (Republican) 2^[6]
Oregon	John M. Gearin	Democratic	1905 (appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 2, 1907, ratifying popular selection made in 1906 state elections.^[4]^[5]^[6] Republican gain.	▌Y Jonathan Bourne Jr. (Republican) 80 ▌Robert S. Bean (Democratic) 4 ▌Frank A. Moore (Democratic) 2 ▌Frederick W. Mulkey (Republican) 1^[6] In state election: ▌Jonathan Bourne Jr. (Republican) 46.25% ▌Robert S. Bean (Democratic) 42.86% ▌A. G. Simola (Socialist) 6.10% ▌B. Lee Paget (Prohibition) 4.80%^[14]
Rhode Island	George P. Wetmore	Republican	1894 1900	Legislature failed to elect.^[4]^[15] Republican loss.	▌George P. Wetmore (Republican) ▌Samuel P. Colt (Republican) ▌Robert H. I. Goddard (Democratic)
South Carolina	Benjamin Tillman	Democratic	1894 1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.^[4]^[16]	▌Y Benjamin Tillman (Democratic) Unopposed
South Dakota	Robert J. Gamble	Republican	1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.^[16]	▌Y Robert J. Gamble (Republican) 100 ▌Andrew E. Lee (Democratic) 17 ▌Thomas Sterling (Independent) 15^[16]
Tennessee	Edward W. Carmack	Democratic	1901	Incumbent lost renomination.^[16] New senator elected January 15, 1907. Democratic hold.	▌Y Robert L. Taylor (Democratic) 108 ▌Nathan W. Hale (Republican) 26 ▌Asbury Wright (Republican) 1^[16]
Texas	Joseph W. Bailey	Democratic	1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.^[17]	▌Y Joseph W. Bailey (Democratic) 108 ▌William L. Cabell (Democratic) 2 ▌Alexander W. Terrell (Democratic) 1 ▌Horace Chilton (Democratic) 1 ▌Thomas M. Campbell (Democratic) 3 ▌John W. Logan (Democratic) 2 ▌James E. Yantis (Democratic) 2 ▌Cecil A. Lyon (Republican) 2 ▌Other Democrats 25^[16]^[17]
Virginia	Thomas S. Martin	Democratic	1893 (early) 1899 (early)	Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1906.^[18]	▌Y Thomas S. Martin (Democratic) 116 ▌Campbell Slemp (Republican) 17^[2]^[18]
West Virginia	Stephen B. Elkins	Republican	1895 1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.^[4]^[16]	▌Y Stephen B. Elkins (Republican) 101 ▌John J. Cornwell (Democratic) 30^[16]
Wyoming	Francis E. Warren	Republican	1890 1893 (lost) 1895 1901	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.^[4]^[16]	▌Y Francis E. Warren (Republican) 64 ▌Colin Hunter (Democratic) 6^[16]

Elections during the 60th Congress

In these elections, the winners were elected in 1907 after March 4; sorted by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Wisconsin (Class 3)	John C. Spooner	Republican	1897 1903	Incumbent resigned April 30, 1907. New senator elected May 17, 1907. Republican hold.	▌Y Isaac Stephenson (Republican) 87 ▌G. W. Bird (Democratic) ▌Jacob Rummel (Social Democratic)^[16]
Georgia (Class 2)	Augustus O. Bacon	Democratic	1894 1900 1907 (appointed)	Interim appointee elected July 9, 1907.	▌Y Augustus O. Bacon (Democratic) Unopposed^[3]
Alabama (Class 2)	John H. Bankhead	Democratic	1907 (appointed)	John T. Morgan (D), having just been re-elected (see above), died June 11, 1907. Interim appointee elected July 16, 1907.	▌Y John H. Bankhead (Democratic) Unopposed^[3]
Alabama (Class 3)	Edmund Pettus	Democratic	1903 1907	Incumbent, having just been re-elected, died July 27, 1907. New senator elected August 6, 1907. Democratic hold.	▌Y Joseph F. Johnston (Democratic) Unopposed^[3]
Alabama (Class 3)	Edmund Pettus	Democratic	1903 1907	New senator was also elected early August 6, 1907, to the term beginning March 4, 1909.^[3]	▌Y Joseph F. Johnston (Democratic) Unopposed^[3]
Oklahoma (Class 2)	None (new state)			First senators elected December 10, 1907.^[6] Democratic gain.	▌Y Robert L. Owen (Democratic) 128 votes ▌Clarence B. Douglas (Republican) 22 votes ▌C. B. Jones (Republican) 22 votes^[6]
Oklahoma (Class 3)	None (new state)			First senators elected December 10, 1907.^[6] Democratic gain.	▌Y Thomas Gore (Democratic) 128 votes ▌Clarence B. Douglas (Republican) 22 votes ▌C. B. Jones (Republican) 22 votes^[6]

Alabama

The two new senators, John H. Bankhead and Joseph F. Johnston, were named "alternate" senators at the state Democratic primary in 1906. The men who would beat them^[19] both died so Bankhead and Johnston were elected in their places.

Class 2

Alabama's class 2 senators

John Tyler Morgan,
until June 11, 1907

John H. Bankhead, from June 18, 1907

Alabama (regular, class 2)

Five-term Democrat John Tyler Morgan was re-elected January 22, 1907.^[19]

Alabama (special, class 2)

Morgan died June 11, 1907, just three months into his sixth term.^[20] Democrat John H. Bankhead was appointed June 18, 1907, to continue the term,^[21] pending a July 16, 1907, special election, which he won.

Class 3

Alabama's class 3 senators

Edmund Pettus,
until July 27, 1907

Joseph F. Johnston, from August 6, 1907

Alabama (regular, class 3)

Two-term Democrat Edmund Pettus was re-elected early on January 22, 1907, for the term that would begin in 1909.^[19]^[22]

Alabama (special, class 3)

Pettus died July 27, 1907, even before his new term was supposed to begin.^[20] Democrat Joseph F. Johnston was elected August 6, 1907, both to finish the term and to the next term.

Arkansas

Colorado

Delaware

Delaware (special)

Delaware (regular)

Georgia

Georgia (regular)

Georgia (special)

Idaho

Illinois

Iowa

Kansas

Kansas (regular)

Kansas (special)

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Massachusetts

Michigan

Michigan (regular)

Michigan (special)

Minnesota

Mississippi

Montana

Nebraska

New Hampshire

New Jersey

North Carolina

Oklahoma

Oregon

Oregon (regular)

Oregon (special)

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Virginia

West Virginia

Wisconsin (special)

Wyoming

Notes

^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Tribune Almanac (1907), p. 258.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Tribune Almanac (1908), p. 258.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k "NO CHOICE IN RHODE ISLAND". The New York Times. January 23, 1907. p. 1.
^ ^a ^b ^c World Almanac (1908), p. 263.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Tribune Almanac (1908), p. 259.
^ "Our Campaigns - OR US Special Senate Race - Nov 06, 1906". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
^ Clark, p. 248.
^ ^a ^b Schiller, Wendy J.; Stewart III, Charles (2015). Electing the Senate: Indirect Democracy before the Seventeenth Amendment. Princeton University Press. pp. 35–36. ISBN 9781400852680.
^ ^a ^b Official Journal of the Proceedings of House of Representatives of the State of Louisiana at the Regular Session of the General Assembly. 1904. p. 76.
^ Tribune Almanac (1908), pp. 258–259.
^ "Re-elect Senators McLaurin and Money" (PDF). The New York Times. January 20, 1904. p. 5.
^ Journals of the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives of the State of New-Hampshire, January Session, 1907. Rumford Printing Co. 1907. p. 90.
^ "Our Campaigns - OR US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1906". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
^ Tribune Almanac (1908), pp. 259–260.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Tribune Almanac (1908), p. 260.
^ ^a ^b "BAILEY IS RE-ELECTED, BUT UNDER CHARGES". The New York Times. January 23, 1907. p. 1.
^ ^a ^b "Senator Martin Re-elected". The New York Times. January 24, 1906. p. 6.
^ ^a ^b ^c "NO CHOICE IN RHODE ISLAND.; Senatorial Deadlock Is Unbroken -- Elections in Other States". Retrieved August 5, 2020.
^ ^a ^b "SENATOR PETTUS DIES, AGED 86 YEARS; Succumbs to Brief Illness While at Hot Springs, North Carolina. LONG SERVICE TO NATION He and His Late Colleague, Senator Morgan, Were Associated Through Life". Retrieved August 5, 2020.
^ "BANKHEAD TO BE SENATOR.; Governor of Alabama Will Appoint Him in Morgan's Place". Retrieved August 5, 2020.
^ "Tribune Almanac and Political Register ..." 1908. Retrieved August 5, 2020.

References

Clark, Dan Elbert (1913). "History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa". Iowa City, Iowa.
"Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present". via Senate.gov.
The World Almanac and Encyclopedia 1908. The Press Publishing Co., New York World. 1907. p. 263.
The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1907. New York: The Tribune Association. 1907. p. 258.
The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1908. New York: The Tribune Association. 1908. pp. 258–260.

[1] "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.

[FOOTNOTETribune_Almanac_(1907)258-2] Tribune Almanac (1907), p. 258.

[FOOTNOTETribune_Almanac_(1908)258-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Tribune Almanac (1908), p. 258.

[NYTomni-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k "NO CHOICE IN RHODE ISLAND". The New York Times. January 23, 1907. p. 1.

[FOOTNOTEWorld_Almanac_(1908)263-5] World Almanac (1908), p. 263.

[FOOTNOTETribune_Almanac_(1908)259-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Tribune Almanac (1908), p. 259.

[7] "Our Campaigns - OR US Special Senate Race - Nov 06, 1906". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved June 24, 2023.

[FOOTNOTEClark248-8] Clark, p. 248.

[Schiller-9] Schiller, Wendy J.; Stewart III, Charles (2015). Electing the Senate: Indirect Democracy before the Seventeenth Amendment. Princeton University Press. pp. 35–36. ISBN 9781400852680.

[Louisiana-10] Official Journal of the Proceedings of House of Representatives of the State of Louisiana at the Regular Session of the General Assembly. 1904. p. 76.

[FOOTNOTETribune_Almanac_(1908)258–259-11] Tribune Almanac (1908), pp. 258–259.

[MYTMS1904-12] "Re-elect Senators McLaurin and Money" (PDF). The New York Times. January 20, 1904. p. 5.

[13] Journals of the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives of the State of New-Hampshire, January Session, 1907. Rumford Printing Co. 1907. p. 90.

[14] "Our Campaigns - OR US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1906". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved June 24, 2023.

[FOOTNOTETribune_Almanac_(1908)259–260-15] Tribune Almanac (1908), pp. 259–260.

[FOOTNOTETribune_Almanac_(1908)260-16] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Tribune Almanac (1908), p. 260.

[NYTTX-17] "BAILEY IS RE-ELECTED, BUT UNDER CHARGES". The New York Times. January 23, 1907. p. 1.

[Virginia-18] "Senator Martin Re-elected". The New York Times. January 24, 1906. p. 6.

[AlabamaJanuary-19] "NO CHOICE IN RHODE ISLAND.; Senatorial Deadlock Is Unbroken -- Elections in Other States". Retrieved August 5, 2020.

[AlabamaDied-20] "SENATOR PETTUS DIES, AGED 86 YEARS; Succumbs to Brief Illness While at Hot Springs, North Carolina. LONG SERVICE TO NATION He and His Late Colleague, Senator Morgan, Were Associated Through Life". Retrieved August 5, 2020.

[21] "BANKHEAD TO BE SENATOR.; Governor of Alabama Will Appoint Him in Morgan's Place". Retrieved August 5, 2020.

[22] "Tribune Almanac and Political Register ..." 1908. Retrieved August 5, 2020.

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1906–07 United States Senate elections