January 22 – Led by Hasekura Tsunenaga, Japan's trade expedition to New Spain (now Mexico) arrives on the Mexican coast with 22 samurai, 120 Japanese merchants, sailors and servants, and 40 Spaniards and Portuguese who serve as interpreters. [1] Having reached the Americas after a voyage that began on October 28, the expedition travels to Acapulco and arrives on January 25.
February 1 – In Japan, the practice of Christianity is banned and an edict issues for the expulsion of all foreign missionairies.[2][3]
February 2 – Iran's Safavid dynasty Emperor, Abbas the Great, carries out the execution of his oldest son, Crown Prince Mohammad Baqer Mirza, on suspicion that his son is planning to kill him. [4]
February 14 (February 4 O.S.) – King James I of England issues his proclamation Against Private Challenges and Combats in an effort to end duels.
February 20 – Matthias I, Archduke of Austria, King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia, and Holy Roman Emperor, directs the restoration of Roman Catholic rule to Aachen, allowing the Army of Flanders (from the Spanish Netherlands) to lay siege to the German town.
March 17 – The States General of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands authorizes an exclusive monopoly for trade in the New World, providing for the winning company to be able to make four voyages to the eastern coast of North America between 40° N and 45° N, encompassing what are now the U.S. states of New Jersey. The New Netherland Company receives the exclusive patent, effective January 1, 1615.
Pocahontas, the 17-year-old daughter of Chief Wahunsenacawh of the Powhatan Algonquian native tribe in what is now the U.S. state of Virginia, is forced into child marriage with English colonist John Rolfe at Jamestown, a year after her capture in war. She is given the name of Rebecca Rolfe and departs with John Rolfe to England in 1616, dying before she can return.
The Republic of the Netherlands and the Kingdom of Sweden enter into a treaty at the Hague. A new parliament will not be seated until more than six years later.
April 30 – The Kingdom of Lan Na (in what is now northern Thailand) is invaded by 17,000 troops commanded by King Anaukpetlun of Burma (now Myanmar). Lan Na's King Thado Kyaw is unsuccessful in getting assistance from the Kingdom of Siam, and turns to the Kingdom of Lan Xang (now Laos), which provides assistance.
May 14 – An earthquake strikes the Azores islands and levels the village of Vila Franca do Campo.
July 16 – In reprisal for the attempt of "the False Dmitry", a man who claimed to be the son of Ivan the Terrible, to claim the throne, Tsar Michael I has Dmitry's 3-year-old son, Ivan Dmitriyevich, publicly hanged in Moscow.
August 24 – The Siege of Aachen begins as the Spanish Army of Flanders, commanded by Amrogio Spinola, attacks with 15,000 troops. The 600-man defense force from Brandenburg surrenders a few days later.
November 19 – Hostilities resulting from an attempt by Toyotomi Hideyori to restore Osaka Castle begin. Tokugawa Ieyasu, father of the shōgun, is outraged at this act, and leads three thousand men across the Kizu River, destroying the fort there.
Tisquantum,[9] a Native American of the Wampanoag Nation, is kidnapped and enslaved by Thomas Hunt, an English sea captain working with Captain John Smith. Freed in Spain, Tisquantum (a.k.a. Squanto) will travel for five years in Europe and North America, before returning to his home in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Twenty months later, he will be able to teach the Pilgrims[10] the basics of farming and trade in the New World.
^Roland Mousnier, The Institutions of France Under the Absolute Monarchy, 1598-1789, Volume 1: Society and the State (translated by Brian Pearce) (University of Chicago Press, 1984) p.592
^Roger Chartier, "À propos des États généraux de 1614" ("About the States General of 1614"), in Revue d'histoire moderne et contemporaine (January-March, 1976) pp. 68-79
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